responses of macroalgal gametes to sexual chemoattractants

... demonstration of the existence of such receptors had not yet been achieved, and Laverack used the existing knowledge of neurotransmitter receptors as a heuristic device to demonstrate to his readers ... characterization of such receptors is just beginning This chapter reviews the past five decades of work devoted to the study of chemoreceptors in aquatic organisms Since, during this period of time, various ... in the internal environment of metazoans has led to the creation and testing of hypotheses concerning the receptormediated nature of cellular and organismal responses to environmentally important...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... feedback inhibition (i.e autoregulation) of PAL at a certain level of endogenous cinnamate [16] PAL in higher plants is coded by a family of genes, and the presence of PAL isoforms is a common observation ... network of phenylpropanoid metabolism Evidence for a degree of metabolic channeling within phenylpropanoid metabolism suggests that partitioning of photosynthate into particular branches of phenylpropanoid ... phenolic O-atom of ˚ Tyr110 more than 17 A apart from the exocyclic methylene C-atom of the MIO prosthetic group On the basis of the experimental structures, hypotheses on the role of the Tyr110-loop...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... bringing about the release of FKBP38, an inhibitor of mTORC1 activity [17] Raptor appears to promote signalling downstream of mTORC1 by binding to short TOR signalling (TOS) motifs found in proteins ... Binding of raptor to the TOS motif in wild-type 4E-BP1 (FEMDI) and variants thereof (A) An overlay assay (see Experimental procedures) was used to assess the binding of raptor to the TOS motif ... variants of these proteins proteins Here, we employed two approaches to study this: (a) the ability of 4E-BP1 variants to bind to raptor; and (b) the ability of a given TOS-like motif to promote...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... luciferase to b-galactosidase value of each sample to the mean ratio of the unmodified pGL3 Control vector The results of the luciferase reporter gene assay with the CEdG-modified vector showed ... 0.01, ***P < 0.001 Cytotoxic effect on transfected HEK 293 T cells To ensure that the observed reduction of the luciferase activity was not a result of cytotoxic activity of the CEdG-modified plasmid ... to apoptosis, indicating a cytotoxic effect of CEdG-modified DNA A cytotoxic effect around the significance level was observed in HEK 293 T cells after transfection, whereas transformation of CEdG-modified...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20

... probes Pico- to femtomoles of thousands of different nucleic acid probes can be arranged at densities of 400 to 250,000 elements/cm With this miniaturization and through the use of fluorescence ... 3' of the gene of interest, transcription is driven solely by the 5' upstream promotor Initiation of translation of the 3' gene is, however, very inefficient in comparison to the 5' gene of G ... characterization of many hitherto unknown viral genes This has led not only to many clues on functionality and life cycle management of the virus, but also to the discovery of other viral promotors suitable...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 09:41

... implementation of MED, is therefore developed to satisfy the demand of a major community who desires to own a helpful tool to study the effects of motifs on gene expression Contrary to the previous tool of ... structure of DNA-binding domains, regulatory proteins are often grouped into class The goal function of the DNA-binding domain rules out the site of activator action and the contribution of an activator ... committed to each regulatory event Instead, a mechanism called combinatorial control is applied, in which different combinations of regulatory proteins are used to turn genes on (activate) and off...

Ngày tải lên: 25/03/2015, 09:45

... N8) of Candida albicans Experiment 2: The standard strain was used for each microorganism; the ATCC653 of S aureus, the ATCC13880 of S marcescens, the ATCC11778 of B cereus, and the ATCC10231 of ... Addition of microorganism, incubation and sampling A specific number of each test microorganism was added to each 10 mL of test solutions in sterile plastic tubes, and all tubes were allowed to stand ... are considered to be relatively good growth mediums for microorganisms due to the components,3,4 whereas a number of investigators have shown that TPN solutions containing hypertonic glucose and...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:39

... physiological saline solution was added to each of five test tubes (φ18 mm × 180 mm), each of which contained 10 ml of lactose bile (LB) broth (Nihon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and a small glass ... disappearance of cytoplasm with low electronic density These phenomena might have been caused by the leakage of cytoplasm from cells or the denaturation of intracellular protein ACKNOWLEDGMENT We wish to ... J., Sanabria, J., Dierolf, C., Torres, W and Pulgarin, C (2002) Evaluation of photocatalytic disinfection of crude water for drinking-water production J Photochem Photobiol., A: Chemistry 147, 241-246...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

... appears to be the key factor for denitrification in the paddies in addition to the apparatus for paddy surface drainage treatment This information is an important indicator of the stabilization of ... types of quinone related to denitrification rates in the apparatus were thought to be similar to those in the surface of paddy soil, because microorganisms in the apparatus were thought to have ... in activated sludge (Hiraishi et al., 1996) The molar ratio of menaquinone to ubiquinone (MK/Q) is used as an indicator of the respiratory state such as the balance between anaerobic and aerobic...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:15

... variety of sensory cues such as off-colours, offodours, off- flavours, softening of vegetables and fruits, and slime However, even before it becomes obvious, microbes have begun the process of breaking ... Gawon Nama area in Sokoto metropolis Samples were collected into polythene bags and immediately transported to the research laboratory of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto for further analysis ... method of (Wanakhachornkrai and Lertsiri, 2003) approximate quantification of volatile compounds was estimated by the integration of peaks on the total ion chromatogram using Xcalibur software...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 20:20

... site [32] Together, the M and C domains of human eRF1, in the absence of the N domain, are able to bind to the mammalian ribosome and induce GTPase activity of eRF3 in the presence of GTP [33] ... experiments The absence of amide signals at 298 K appears to be due to fast exchange of these amide protons with water An alternative mechanism of line broadening could be related to conformational ... dynamics of eRF1 middle domain A B Fig 1H,15N-HSQC spectra of the M domain of human eRF1 The numbering of the residues corresponds to that of the full eRF1 protein (A) The Gly region of the 15...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... (lower panels) Embryos are oriented anterior to the left and dorsal to the top (E–J) Detection of Dm-eIF4B isoforms by immunohistochemistry of syncytial blastoderm (E), stage 11 embryo (F) and stage ... Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY Gingras, A.C., Raught, B & Sonenberg, N (1999) eIF4 initiation factors: effectors of mRNA recruitment to ribosomes and regulators of translation ... of cap-FLuc decreased to 30% of the control (untreated extracts; black bars), whereas that of Ubx-FLuc mRNA increased five times (gray bars) These results confirm the ability of Ubx-FLuc mRNA to...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... stimulation under long-term impact may be due to the slow development of an adapted microflora tolerant to Cd Cadmium has also been shown to be inhibitory to denitrification in a silt loam soil at ... lead to increased availability of metals 5.2 Tolerance and adaptation of microorganisms The effects of chemicals on microorganisms are difficult to evaluate due to the differential sensitivity of ... activities 3.4.1 Mineralization of carbon Mineralization of organic carbon to CO2 commonly known as ‘soil respiration’ is a good index of total activity of microflora involved in organic matter...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:21

... modulation of heme sensitivity at lm, even in the absence of Cys409 Identification of the autophosphorylation sites of HRI overexpressed in E coli To further clarify the details of autophosphorylation, ... corresponds to Thr446 of PKR, Thr981 of PERK and Thr899 of GCN2 [18–20] By contrast to earlier studies Fig In vitro kinase activities of wild-type and mutant proteins SDS ⁄ PAGE of Phos-tag acrylamide ... activated via multiple autophosphorylation steps, it is important to identify other phosphorylation sites in HRI and to establish the contribution of the autophosphorylation process to heme sensing and...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 23:20

... resultant transfer of electrons to cytochrome c, generating water from oxygen through the action of cytochrome c oxidase This formation of disulfide bonds drives substrate import of some intermembrane ... VAP-B is ubiquitously expressed, it will be revealing to determine why the defect hits neurons so hard Is loss of function of vesicle trafficking over long distances, or gain of ER toxicity in long-lived ... showing that the soft spot of an antibody is its CH1 domain [10] Antibodies are composed of a basic unit of two heavy and two light chains, each of which has repeating units of ‘constant’ or ‘variable’...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 22:21

... loosened up to 24 inches compared to conventional agriculture of 8-10 inches only as they use plows or tractors With 24 inches loosening up of soil, we are able to allow more air to pass through ... The goal of this workshop is to help farmers, specially small farmers take control of their farming – to be self-reliant and sustainable I would like to thank Mr Thomas Wittman, one of the organizers ... with different type of microbes including lacto bacilli And in order to get the pure lacto bacilli, saturation of milk will eliminate the other microorganisms and the pure lacto bacilli will be...

Ngày tải lên: 12/06/2014, 11:18

... microorganisms makes the oscillatory mode of instability impossible (corresponding values of ω are imaginary) Conclusions The possibility of oscillatory mode of instability in a nanofluid suspension that ... in nanofluids is expected to occur if the concentration of nanoparticles is small, so that nanoparticles not cause any significant increase of the viscosity of the base fluid The problem of bioconvection ... dimensionless nanofluid velocity, defined as U*H/af; U* is the dimensional nanofluid velocity; af is the thermal diffusivity of a nanofluid, k/ (rc)f; k is the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid; and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20

... purpose of these books is to provide a glimpse into the dynamic process of genetic variation by presenting the thoughts of some of the scientists who are engaged in development of new tools and ... to form a floating form (Smirnov & Fenchel, 1996) The heterolobosean amoebae not possess any cytoskeleton-underlain cytostomes However, the amoeba of Naegleria fowleri forms socalled amoebastomes, ... Diversity of Heterolobosea anterior end of the cell body (see fig 2E) In Tetramitus rostratus and Pleurostomum flabellatum the collar is drawn out into a short rostrum (fig 2F) The cytostome of T...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 08:20

... contribute to environmental improvement and enhancement of the quality of soil, water and foodstuffs It is our pleasant duty to express w s i n c e r e thanks to the staff of the Department of Microbial ... be grown on a source of uniformly-labelled 14C02 to assess the flow of carbon from roots to the microbial population; this flow can account for up to 40 % of the plant photosynthate produced (Whipps ... known what proportion of the total N available to roots is intercepted by rhizosphere micro-organisms The contribution of substrates exogenous to the rhizosphere to the nutrition of rhizosphere organisms...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 09:20

... Hanoi is 280 - 300 tons, which includes 180 - 200 tons of pork (contributing to around 70% of all meat), 62 tons of poultry meat, and 40 tons of beef (Vnexpress, 2005) Almost the meat is processed ... Total aerobic bacteria per ml of sample C: The number of total colonies counted in consecutive dilutions n: The first dilution counted D: Number of disks of each concentration counted 2.3.2 Total ... index of the potential presence of entero-pathogens in water environments The measurement of Coliforms group has been used extensively as an indicator of water quality Historically, the ability to...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:22