response of first order systems in series

... Length of a first- order branch Foliar biomass of a first- order branch Woody biomass of a first- order branch Total (foliage and woody) biomass of a first- order branch Height of the base of a first- order ... Ratio of the height of the base of a first- order branch to tree height Elongation of a first- order branch per year Increment in foliar biomass of a first- order branch per year Increment in woody ... elongation, WBbmI: increment in woody biomass of a branch, and TBbmI: increment in total biomass of a branch) indicating that branch growth increased with increasing individual height growth In one regression...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:22

... of finding proofs In a more specific sense, there are sublogics of a higher -order logic in which the process of constructing proofs is not much more complicated than in similar sublogics of first- order ... justification of certain computations involving meanings and parsing We have been concerned with explaining a logic programming approach to integrating syntactic and semantic processing Higher -order ... theorem proving in higher -order logic than in first- order logic as claimed in the last point, the nature of proofs in higher -order logic is far from mysterious For example, higher -order resolution...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... in our specific case but also in more general cases The first aim of the paper relates to the assignation of probabilities of default to certain rating grades of external rating agencies Ratings ... early warning system that could identify problems of calibration in a rating For an exposition of discriminatory power measures in the context of the assessment of performance of a rating source ... BACKTESTING STRATEGIES In what follows we will concentrate on elaborating two backtesting strategies that focus on a rating level of a single “A” as defined by the main international rating agencies...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 20:20

... take about 1.6 percent of the income of the poorest families, 0.8 percent of the income of middle-income families, and just 0.1 percent of the income of the very best-off In other words, these ... alternative — increasing a wide range of taxes in times of fiscal difficulty but reducing mainly progressive taxes in times of plenty — undermines both progressivity and revenues 17 Institute on ... most of the wealth of middleincome families, and hits a smaller share of the wealth of high-income families • For homeowners, home values as a share of income tend to decline at higher incomes...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 20:20

... therefore L(N ) = L(AN ) According to the construction given in the proof of Proposition 1, any evolution of the network N naturally induces a corresponding in nite initial path in the Muller automaton ... rule In addition, neural networks’ computational capabilities should also rather be approached from the point of view of finite word instead of in nite word reading automata, as for instance in ... an index k A Hierarchical Classification of First- Order Recurrent Neural Networks 145 such that x(i) ∈ inf(es ) for all i ≥ k However, along evolution es , the recurrent visiting of states in inf(es...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 10:06

... for first order integro-differential equations of mixed type J Math Anal Appl 300, 1–11 (2004) doi:10.1016/j.jmaa.2004.02.060 Xing, Y, Han, M, Zheng, G: Initial value problem for first order integro-differential ... Theorem by showing that all potential solutions of x = λTx, λ ∈ [0, 1], (3:14) are bounded a priori, with the bound being independent of l With this in mind, let x be a solution of (3.14) Note ... Corollary 2.2 In what follows we focus on the first- order integro-differential equations of mixed type in the form of (1.2) The results presented in the following three statements are similar to Theorem...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... nonnegativity of Y ·, s since X ·, s > on s, ∞ T ⊂ t1 , ∞ T and the kernels of the integrals in 4.5 are nonnegative Then dropping the nonnegative integrals on the right-hand side of 4.5 , we get ... R0 Advances in Difference Equations 13 and −Λ ∈ R t1 , ∞ T , R imply that e−Λ t, s is nondecreasing in s, hence e −Λ 1/e−Λ t, s is nonincreasing in s see 4, Theorem 2.36 Without loss of generality, ... ∞ T Proof The proof is similar to that of Theorem 4.13 We give the following example as an application of Theorem 4.15 Example 4.16 Let T N3 : {n3 : n ∈ N}, and consider the following initial...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... as follows Section includes basic concepts in fractional calculus In Section 3, we consider stability of the fractional -order linear and nonlinear systems Using of two lemmas in Section 4, it is ... Ahn, and I Podlubny, “Robust stability check of fractional order linear time invariant systems with interval uncertainties,” in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and ... fractional -order interval nonlinear systems Finally, numerical simulations are also provided to show effectiveness of proposed controller in order to achieve robust stabilization of unstable and interval...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 16:20

... TCP levels, of different combining techniques for the downlink of MC-CDMA systems By means of an integrated platform carefully taking into account all main aspects affecting the quality of service ... MMSE, 63 interf Subopt MMSE, 63 interf β = 0.5, 31 interf β = 0.5, 63 interf Subopt MMSE, 31 interf R3P-A, 31 interf R3P-A, 63 interf SUI-1, 31 interf β 0.2 0.4 0.6 SUI-1, 63 interf SUI-2, 31 interf ... 0.5, 63 interf β = 0.5, 31 interf Subopt MMSE, 63 interf MMSE, 63 interf β 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.8 SUI-2, 31 interf SUI-2, 63 interf R3P-A, 31 interf R3P-A, 63 interf Uncor., 31 interf Uncor., 63 interf...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 06:20

... lim inf on both sides of 2.22 , we get lim inf yx t ≥ lim inf zn0 t αn0 t t→∞ t→∞ ≥ lim inf zn0 t lim inf αn0 t t→∞ 2.17 2.23 t→∞ lim inf yx t lim inf αn0 t , t→∞ t→∞ which implies that lim inft ... every solution of 1.9 is oscillatory on t0 , ∞ T Proof The proof follows from Lemmas 2.1, 2.2, and 2.5 Remark 2.7 We obtain the main results of 7, by letting n0 in Theorem 2.6 In this case, we ... σ ζn x τ ζn , and using 2.3 , yx ζn ≤ ε 2.9 Letting n tend to in nity, we see that 2.2 holds For the statement of our main results, we introduce ⎧ ⎪1, ⎪ ⎨ αn t : ⎪ ⎪ ⎩ n inf λ>0 −λpαn−1 ∈R τ...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 11:20

... point of operator T, then it is the limit of a strictly increasing sequence of strict lower solutions (yn < T yn in JN ) and a strictly decreasing sequence of strict upper solutions (Tzn < zn in ... solution of the initial N problem (Pξ ), kn ∈ N, in ∈ IN , and n = kn N + in N Proof Let uξ and v be the unique solutions of (Pξ ) and (Pξ ), respectively By definition, uξ = v in JN Since f is ... solutions of problem (PN ) Then, one of the following statements is true: (i) α u ≡ v β in JN ; (ii) α u v β in JN ; (iii) α v u β in JN Proof First we show that α u in JN Suppose that there exists...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 00:20

... career expectations are becoming less significant indicators of success in many individual's lives, and that many family-based influences are providing an increasing sense of fulfillment for many ... 40% of the labor force consists of members of dual-income households (Zedeck, 1992) Therefore, since the work/family issue is becoming increasingly important and potentially offers recruiting ... likelihood of offer acceptance were calculated for each cluster These results are presented in Table Cluster consists of individuals who are individual incentive dominant They prefer reward systems in...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 10:38

... image of B under the group element w Fix b to be any point in the interior of B The inversion set of a region R is the set of hyperplanes in A separating R from B, and the length of R is the cardinality ... 8.1 allows us to determine the join-irreducibles of Λ+ The minimal element of each component of Λ+ is join-irreducible in Λ+ , but not join-irreducible in that component of Λ+ Because each component ... cardinality of its inversion set Recall that the weak order on a Coxeter group is containment of inversion sets and that u ≤ v in weak order implies u ≤ v in Bruhat order Any dominant weight...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 08:22

... element of nilpotent order or in other words X = Thus, we get a complete combinatorial description of inclusion of orbital varieties closures of nilpotent order in sln 1.12 The body of the paper ... consists of two sections In section we explain all the background in combinatorics of Young tableaux essential in the subsequent analysis and set the notation In particular, we explain Robinson-Schensted ... (iv) Orders ≤ and ≤ coincide on (T2 )† n Acknowledgments The problem of combinatorial description of inclusion of orbital variety closures in terms of Young tableaux as well as the idea of the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 08:22

... consequences in the animals Effects of Combination Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid with Vitamin A (Retinol) and Selenium on the Response of the Immunoglobulin Production in Mice 107 In this experiment, ... regulation of IL-2 and PGE2 production [13, 25] A large number of reports have appeared showing the inhibitory or stimulatory effects of retinoid (vitamin A) on various immune responses including the ... function of serum immunoglobulin G in vivo is to promote the removal of microorganisms and neutralize toxins [11] Serum immunoglobulin E is an immunoglobulin of major importance in mechanisms against...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 17:22

... determination of protein concentration Refolding of proteins was performed using a Refolding kit (Novagen) following the manufacturers instructions The concentration of purified recombinant protein ... useful in detecting cattle with clinical paratuberculosis, the application of this procedure in identifying cattle in early stages of infection or in subclinical stages has proven to be of limited ... by variations in the stage of infection In the attempt to increase sensitivity, several modifications have been tried including using a combination of antigens or a single recombinant antigen...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 17:22

... leading at a value of –20 mm of WB deficit in June for 400 m of altitude in the west side of the crest and 550 m of altitude in the east side Similar transitions took place for the same level of ... empirical index that measures the efficiency of the ecological variables used in E for predicting the composition of the vegetation The closer the eigenvalues of the m first axes of CCA are to the m first ... (at the 0.05 level) of the Gaussian logit model (bell-shaped unimodal response curve) against the linear logit model (increasing or decreasing sigmoidal response curve), or against the null model...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:22

... transmission of radiation within thetic response per unit of intercepted radiation and the difference between the respective rates of photosynthesis result from differences in the distribution of radiation ... unit of intercepted radiation was still clearly higher (Fig A), indicating that the more even distribution of radiation in the case of diffuse radiation is an important compo- nent, too In the ... calculated rates of shoot photosynthesis in diffuse radiation (Fig 3) In conclusion, it is proposed that a more invariant response of shoot photosynthesis to radiation may be obtained by expressing the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... organization funds Received in- kind support Proportion of vaccine providers participating in the IIS (Proportion of vaccine providers participating in the IIS)2 Proportion of IIS patient records that ... received 95% of funds from CDC immunization grants The remaining 5% was composed of 4% in- kind contributions and 1% state government contributions In order to illustrate the importance of vaccine provider ... within weeks of birth ¶ Clinic access to IIS data during patient encounter ¶ Update record in IIS within 30 days of vaccine administration ¶ Identify persons needing vaccine reminder/recall notifications...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22