resistance—how should it be done

... to salinity or water deficit (Bohnert and Jensen 1996) Pinitol can be synthesized from myoinositol by the sequential catalysis of inositol methyl transferase and ononitol epimerase An inositol methyl ... halophytes may become a potential source of new crops Halophytes Diversity Halophytes show immense diversity in habitat and behavior to tolerate the abiotic stress conditions with uneven distribution ... Kusano T, Yamaguchi K, Berberich T, Takahashi Y (2007) The polyamine spermine rescues Arabidopsis from salinity and drought stresses Plant Signal Behav 2:250–251 Kusano T, Berberich T, Tateda C,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 10:20

... treatment Activity unit of SOD is represented by the level of 50% inhibition of nitrite formation from hydroxylamine in the presence of xanthineoxidase A steep increase in the activity of SOD began immediately ... for all the enzyme activity measurements T Takemura et al / Aquatic Botany 68 (2000) 15–28 19 All enzyme activity measurements were done in vitro The changes in activities over time, following ... salinity and humidity conditions Plant Physiol 74, 1–6 Ball, M.C., Farquhar, G.D., 1984b Photosynthetic and stomata responses of the grey mangrove Avicennia marina to transient salinity conditions...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 02:20

... Katherine provenance showed the least ability to germinate and its seedlings the least ability to establish, in dry environments Petford seeds established best in dry environments and, although ... from a monsoonal environment, its responses were intermediate between Tennant Creek and Katherine and, in several instances, it appeared the most adaptable provenance It occurs naturally on well-drained, ... the partitioning of dry matter into roots, stems and leaves (Fig 5) Stressed Tennant Creek seedlings allocated more dry matter into leaves at the expense of roots, whereas the reverse situation...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... whether the subjects had tasted or eaten a product before (thus, the product should be familiar to a person) or not (in this case, the product should be genuinely unfamiliar to a person) Materials ... latter ®ve had been categorized as unfamiliar For four foods Ð pineapple, strawberry yogurt, beef tomato, and snails Ð the e€ect was further quali®ed by interaction between familiarity and FNG For ... 1077) Food Familiarityb FNGb Familiarity  FNGb Familiar foods Smoked ham Tuna ®sh Tupla chocolate bar Mammi È Pineapple fruit Flora margarine Strawberry yogurt Bread cheese Beef tomato Meat balls...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2013, 21:06

... of institutions and organizations should be monitored and evaluated This has to be done with a degree of independence or the opportunities for organizations to learn, for authorities to be held ... assessing institutionalized capacities and practices with regard to flood-related disasters Phase of Disaster Cycle Functions (Timing) done? What should be Who is responsible? How was it done? Coordination ... development and poverty reduction, it is positioned within national economic and political agendas and within existing cultural and behavioral traditions and stereotypes It happens often that good performance...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2013, 10:15

... similarities and differences between the two languages 3.6 RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY Descriptive research and comparative analysis are chosen as Reliability and validity are two most important criteria ... don’t deserve it Oh, this old thing It is years old It is clear that the same compliment may be responded in various ways with different intentions by the addressee These responses can either make ... recipient agrees with the speaker by in English are less in number than that in Vietnamese (11 cases/11% accepting the compliment (Condition A), it violates Condition B in compared with 39 cases/39%)...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:19

... western United States (Weber & Wittmann, 2001) It is acaulescent, and flowering plants typically have two opposite leaves and one to two flowers per plant (Thomson et al., 1996) Plants may be several ... reproduction in competition with other C demands, such as support of root growth While some other aspects of climate change (i.e elevated CO2, increased nitrogen deposition, altered precipitation) may ... plant (Hamerlynck & Smith, 1994; Thomson et al., 1996), which, at RMBL, may be mid-April to early June This species typically senesces within months of its emergence (Fritz-Sheridan, 1988; Loewen...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 17:20

... diversity cannot be discarded and should be investigated In fact neutral genetic diversity was found to be larger in Q petraea than in Q robur [47], while we found an opposite trend for the traits ... time-shift could be detected), and compared the amount of adventitious roots and lenticels with Mann-Withney ranked sum test (U test) The variance heterogeneity of enzymatic activities and leaf ... activity in fine roots reached similar intensities in the two species This resulted from a larger activity of water-logged Q petraea with respect to controls and from a large constitutive activity...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:20

... increased with drought intensity in N dombeyi, but remained invariable in N nitida (Fig 3) Under well-watered conditions (≥ −1.5 MPa) N nitida had significantly higher WUE i than N dombeyi (Mann-Whitney ... response differed between the two species (Fig 1, Tab II) Mortality began at much higher Ψm in N nitida than in N Fv/Fm, ∆F/Fm and qP declined gradually with increasing drought in N nitida, remaining ... dombeyi down to −2.5 MPa (Fig 2) At Ψm > −1.5 MPa, ∆F/Fm and qP were lower in N nitida than in N dombeyi, reflecting the higher sensitivity of this species to drought (Fig 2) NPQ was similar between...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:21

... decidua might be an exception perhaps because of its deciduous habit We not know yet whether low altitude ecotypes show a similarly pronounced capacity in accumulating solutes but it might be speculated ... mild water deficit conditions occur and seems to be less sensitive to soil water shortage as well Although it is not possible to draw definitive conclusions from this study, it can be imagined that ... the results confirm what had already been found in a previous study [2] that despite high precipitation, soils at high altitude can become physiologically dry because they are shallow, discontinuous...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:22

... INTRODUCTION Microsite environments can profoundly influthe composition and dispersion of plants in communities Soil surface heterogeneity, proximity to mature plants, leaf litter depth, and nutrient ... seedling establishment and growth, can be identified in forested wetland communities (Marks and Harcombe, 1981; Huenneke and Sharitz, 1986, 1990) Floodplains have little relief, but even slight elevational ... L), and water oak (Q nigra L) have been observed to occupy different topographical microsites within floodplains of the southern United States Q lyrata, a member of the subgenus Leucobalanus,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:21

... possibility of , ISEN , ARTHY C improving litter size following selection for increased body weight has been frequently considered However results are variable : an increase in litter size has been ... size (number of live young born) at 1st, 2nd and 3rd parity ; number of fertile matings, measured as the number of females having the litter within 15 days of birth of the first - - - Details of ... procedures as well as results obtained up to have been previously described (F & S P 1985) AN RIMITIVO , UENTE generation Realized heritability was calculated as direct response regressed on...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:22

... high-intensity, very short duration activities This is especially true if the bouts of intense activity are repeated with short rest intervals in-between [11-13] Examples of activities that derive a benefit ... lateral raise, biceps barbell curl, alternating biceps curl with dumbbells, triceps extension on a pulley machine with a vshaped handle and lying triceps extension with a barbell), and Wednesday ... analysis was initially done using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and the homocedasticity test (Bartlett criterion) Two way ANOVAs (time [baseline vs weeks training] × group [CI vs DI]) with repeated...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:21

... physiological answer, or both To conclude, according to the ubiquitous character of catecholamine sensitivity, we should think in terms of cellular ability to respond to catecholamines in defining the concept ... pathogenesis of vasodilatory shock N Engl J Med 2001, 345:588-595 Pacher P, Beckman JS, Liaudet L: Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in health and disease Physiol Rev 2007, 87:315-424 Levy B, Dusang B, ... Levraut J, Ichai C, Petit I, Ciebiera JP, Perus O, Grimaud D: Low exogenous lactate clearance as an early predictor of mortality in normolactatemic critically ill septic patients Crit Care Med 2003,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 10:20

... flow probe (Transonic Systems, Ithaca, NY) was placed around the left renal artery Renal cortex microcirculation was monitored by placing Laser Doppler probe (PF 404, Suturable angled probe, Perimed, ... Oxidative and nitrosative stress were evaluated by measuring concentrations of arterial thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS; spectrophotometry) and arterial nitrate/nitrite (NOx; colorimetric ... interquartile ranges After exclusion of normality using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, differences within each group before and after induction of peritonitis were tested using a Friedman analysis of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:23

... (Ag)-positive, HBs-antibody (Ab)-negative, HBe-Ag-negative, HBe-Ab-positive, and HBc-Ab-positive (Axsym, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL, USA) Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was detected as positive ... which showed chronic hepatitis B with a mild necroinflammatory activity and moderate fibrosis (Metavir score, A1F2) Treatment with lamivudine 100 mg/day was initiated in November 2000 (month 0: M0) ... hybridization line probe assay (InnoLipa-DR2-assay, InnoGenetics, Ghent, Belgium), following the manufacturer's instructions This second genotyping assay was performed because of its sensitivity in detecting...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... several months of benefit receipt, making them suitable automatic stabilizers Many countries can benefit from improving the agility of the targeting mechanism, upgrading safety net benefit administration ... can be altered to acknowledge local government fiscal positions (Latvia, Romania) In addition, countries could Overview xxix relax activation conditions so that deserving people not lose benefits ... debt; assets could be eroded and human capital accumulation could be jeopardized; job seekers may become discouraged and withdraw from the labor force; and people may lose their ability to smooth...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2014, 19:27

... autologous Mtb‐pulsed macrophages, and such activity diminishes with severity of TB (De La Barrera, 2003) However, it is unclear whether the opposite, that patients with less severe TB have better cytotoxic responses, ... Heat‐killed CHE intra‐peritoneal sensitisation induced CD4+ T cells which lysed BCG‐infected macrophages in vitro The cytotoxicity was dependent on IFN‐, perforin and FasL Sensitisation with an unrelated ... 5.3.8 Differential phenotype of IL‐10 producing cells in BCG vaccinated mice with and without CHE sensitisation 109 5.3.9 Expansion of nTregs with CHE sensitisation before BCG vaccination 109 5.4 DISCUSSION...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:51

... this ability may not be manifested in vivo given the usual low bioavailability of RSV For a compound to exhibit its antioxidant properties in terms of effectively scavenging RS, it has to be present ... Throughout the 20th century, a large number of theories of ageing have been proposed [9] In many cases, a theory is proposed because it is assumed, explicitly or implicitly, that there is one major cause ... is the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Many deletions in mtDNA have been detected by molecular techniques as cells age It is not surprising that mitochondrial defects have been proposed to be a major...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 08:20

... fiber and oil crops Its growth and yield are severely inhibited under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions To date, few MAPKs have been identified in cotton, and their function has not been ... hybridizations were performed as previously described [25] In-gel kinase activity assay The in-gel kinase activity assay was performed as previously described [21], with a slight modification Extracts containing ... elucidated In this study, a more detailed analysis of GhMAPK was carried out in tobacco It should be noted that GhMAPK has been renamed as GhMPK2 on the basis of the nomenclature for plant MAPKs [4] Our...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 23:20