repair apoptosis telomere maintenance and chemotherapy

... H2AX and 53BP1 Pathways in DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Response 243 Fatouros Chronis and Emmy P Rogakou 14 DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase in Repair, Apoptosis, Telomere Maintenance, and ... J McConkey and Victor Bondar Part II: Telomeres and Telomerase, Senescence, Genomic Instability, and Tumorigenesis Structure and Function of the Telomere 125 Jay E Johnson, and Dominique ... the Importance of Apoptosis and Other Determinants of Cell Death and Survival 55 Bradly G Wouters and Roland K Chiu Mitotic Catastrophe 73 Fiorenza Ianzini and Michael A Mackey...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 06:20

... hypothesis, the expression of Akt and PrPC was examined by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscope in human gastric cancer cases and cell lines Expression of total and p-Akt was detected in cells ... release of these drugs (ADR and VCR) [5] PrPC-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) was thought to be related to upregulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) [6] and inhibition of apoptosis [6–9]; these studies ... lg), and exhibited downregulation of P-gp at both the mRNA and protein levels (Fig 4A) Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway decreased the expression of P-gp induced by PrPC at both the mRNA and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

... (LTβ) and CD40 ligand, and mediates the processing of NF-κB complex to p52/RelB [25,26] This IKK complex then phosphorylates p100 at C-terminal domain and promotes the ubiquitination of p100 and ... apoptosis in C8166 BMS-345541 induction of apoptosis in C8166 A) BMS-345541 induced caspase-3 and PARP cleavage C8166 MT-2, C8166, and CEM cells were treated with BMS-345541 at 0.1, 0.5, 1, and ... Purvalanol A induction of apoptosis in MT-2 Purvalanol A induction of apoptosis in MT-2 A) Purvalanol A induced caspase-3 and PARP cleavage in MT-2 and C8166 cells MT-2, C8166, and CEM were treated...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... S6 and the GST-tag (C) Immunoblot analysis of the phosphorylation status of p70S6K and S6 in Paskin+ ⁄ + and Paskin) ⁄ ) MEFs (D) Immunoblot analysis of the phosphorylation status of p70S6K and ... sensing [2–4] We and others previously identified a novel mammalian PAS protein, alternatively called PASKIN [5] or PAS kinase [6] PASKIN contains two PAS domains (PAS A and PAS B) and a serine ⁄ ... Ser ⁄ Thr kinase (PSK)1 and PSK2, the budding yeast homologues of PASKIN, phosphorylate three translation factors and two enzymes involved in the regulation of glycogen and trehalose synthesis,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 00:21

... plates (105 cells/well) and cultured for 24 h at 37 °C with 5% CO2, then both quercetin and Ni nanoparticles were injected to cells and their concentrations were 5.0 and 2.0 lg/mL, respectively ... quercetin solution and cells exposed to Ni nanoparticles cocultured for h and e 50 lmol/L of quercetin solution and cells exposed to Ni nanoparticles incubated for h Here, C stands for SMMC-7721 ... and their relevant effects on cell proliferation have been evaluated by MTT and RT-CES assay The results suggest that Ni nanoparticles and quercetin have synergic effect on SMMC-7721 cells, and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... (0.54 and 2.16 mg/ml, respectively) glucosamine (Sigma) and then stimulated with 10 ng/ml IL-1β for 22 hours Culture supernatants were collected and analyzed by ELISA, and cells were harvested and ... mRNA and protein expression of collagenases MMP-1 and MMP-13 and the stromelysin MMP-3 Pretreatment with 2.5 and 10 mmol/l glucosamine was able, to differing degrees, to downregulate mRNA and ... extracted and analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR, and cell supernatant was analyzed by ELISA Shown are (a) matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-1 and (b) MMP-13 mRNA levels, and (c) MMP-1 and (d) MMP-13...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:21

... immunoreactivity of ERK1/2 and phospho ERK1/2 (A,B), and MEK1/2 and phospho MEK1/2 (C,D) The lower part of each panel reports the quantitative analysis of phospho ERK1/2 (A,B), and phospho MEK1/2 (C,D) ... that closely associates with tumor growth and metastasis [12], and in this context, NAMI-A has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis [41] and to induce apoptosis in endothelial cells [42] In conclusion, ... ERK-1/2, phospho-MEK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2 (New England Biolabs, Inc Beverly, MA, USA) The following dilutions were used for individual antibodies against different proteins: MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 (1 : 1600),...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 01:21

... VX-680 could induce apoptosis in NB4-R2 cells Incubation of VX-680 (1 nM, nM, nM and 10 nM) led to an increased apoptosis for 24 hr (7.3%, 10.45%, 31.9% and 48.27%, respectively) and 48 hr (9.77%, ... patients Immunofluorescence staining Materials and methods Measurement of apoptosis by Annexin V/PI analysis Reagents and Cells culture After collecting and washing twice with PBS, VX-680 treated ... 3A) and caused formation of monopolar structures in NB4-R2 cells (Figure 3B) In both dose- and time-dependent manners, VX-680 suppressed NB4-R2 cells growth (Figure 4A) and induced cells apoptosis...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... regard to the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and to the production of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and PGD2 Findings We show that inhibition of Akt ... COX-2 and mPGES-1 immunoreactivity and the release of PGE2 and PGD2 Interestingly, NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, enhanced COX-2 and reduced mPGES-1 immunoreactivity, albeit PGE2 and PGD2 ... PGE2 and PGD2 without affecting the expression of COX-2, mPGES-1, mPGES-2 and cytosolic prostaglandin E synthase (cPGES) Moreover, inhibition of GSK-3 reduced the expression of both COX-2 and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... P0 (unphosphorylated form), P1 and P2 (phosphorylated forms), respectively [69] After 15-min and 30-min exposure to TPTC, the P0 band disappeared, and a shift to bands of higher molecular weight ... 1.5 ppm for 15 and 30 After treatment, the medium was removed and cells were washed twice with PBS and lysed with 0.5% SDS Lysates were stored at -80°C Cell lysates were sonicated, and protein levels ... (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and ppm) was added, Page of 10 and then incubated for 30 and 60 minutes Fifty μl of MTT solution (2 mg/ml in PBS) was added to each well and incubated for 6-8 hours...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... VX-680 could induce apoptosis in NB4-R2 cells Incubation of VX-680 (1 nM, nM, nM and 10 nM) led to an increased apoptosis for 24 hr (7.3%, 10.45%, 31.9% and 48.27%, respectively) and 48 hr (9.77%, ... patients Immunofluorescence staining Materials and methods Measurement of apoptosis by Annexin V/PI analysis Reagents and Cells culture After collecting and washing twice with PBS, VX-680 treated ... 3A) and caused formation of monopolar structures in NB4-R2 cells (Figure 3B) In both dose- and time-dependent manners, VX-680 suppressed NB4-R2 cells growth (Figure 4A) and induced cells apoptosis...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 03:20

... antigens HLA-DRB1*0404 and HLA-DRB1*0401 with disease susceptibility and severity [16,17], and by the high-level expression of MHC class II molecules and both CD28 ligands, CD80 and CD86, in the inflamed ... inflammatory joints and CRP level ≥ 10 mg/l) and inactive disease (in remission and CRP level ≤ mg/l) The results are represented as a box plot; upper and lower bars, 90th and 10th percentiles, ... cells from RA patients Materials and methods Patients and samples The total patient population consisted of 32 patients with RA (25 women and seven men; mean ± standard deviation age, 52.8 ± 12.4...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:24

... DNA-PKcs, and DPK3 and DPK4 between the leucine zipper and the autophosphorylation cluster (Figure 1A) The cDNA encoding these peptides were cloned, and the peptides were expressed in and purified ... (B) DNA DSB and repair expressed as the comet tail moment of SCGE assays in HeLa, HeLa-pcDNA and HeLa-DPK3-scFv cells at given times post-4 Gy irradiation The data are means and standard deviation ... were obtained, and 26 positive clones were confirmed by ELISA Clones were considered positive only if they did not bind to negative ovalbumin and ferritin control and Figure Screening and characterization...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... Akt and ERK for stage III cells There was a baseline of Akt and ERK phosphorylation without adding ECM FN and LAM increased phosphorylation of Akt and ERK, and LAM had greater effects on Akt and ... contributions HYL and CCT assisted with conception and design, collection and assembly of data, data analysis and interpretation, and manuscript writing, LLC assisted with collection and assembly ... analysis and interpretation, SHC assisted with conception and design, YJW assisted with conception and design, and manuscript writing, SCH assisted with conception and design, data analysis and interpretation,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... and invasion by regulating the expression levels and activities of integrins and their downstream signaling molecules Further studies on Rab5a may help us to fully understand tumor invasion and ... focal adhesion proteins in Control and Rab5a-siRNAs cells were detected by Western blot (B and C) Control and Rab5a-siRNAs cells were stained with integrin b1 (B) and paxillin (C) respectively Liu ... signaling molecules in Control and Rab5a-siRNAs cells were determined by Western blot (B and C) Control and Rab5asiRNAs cells were stained with integrin b1 (B) and paxillin (C) respectively A...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:20

... QPCR, and immunoblot analyses SYY conducted the immunofluorescence localization and immunoblot analysis YTW and YTT determined the cAMP content and performed immunoblot analyses All authors read and ... (black) and melanin content (grey) were measured (C) The expression of tyrosinase was determined by immunoblotting analysis (black) and RT-PCR (grey), using b-actin and GAPDH as internal standards, ... (black) and melanin content (grey) were measured (B) The expression of tyrosinase was determined by immunoblotting analysis (black) and RT-PCR (grey), using b-actin and GAPDH as internal standards,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:20

... 96well plates and incubated with various concentrations of mevastatin, fluvastatin, and simvastatin for 24, 48, and 72 h After incubation, the cells were stained with trypan blue, and the number ... ERK1/2, Akt, and JNK1/2 (B) ERK1/2 and Akt activation in C6 cells to which statins were administered with or without the addition of MVA, FPP, and GGPP Phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-Akt, ERK1/2, and Akt ... contributions MY and MT carried out cell viability assay, caspase-3 activity assay, statical analysis, and drafted the manuscript TS, TI, MI, and YY carried out western bolotting analysis TS, TI, and MI...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:21

... complexity, self-organization and self-adaptation, and looks less and less like an open system Randomness and disorganized complexity with mutations have returned and functionality is decreasing ... between redundancy and resiliency permeates biology Cells have different capacity for function and repair or multiplication A reciprocal relationship exists between functionality and repair/ multiplication, ... stagnation and anarchy…place where a complex system can be spontaneous, adaptive, and alive” [4] The similarity of a fractal pattern and cancer growth can be seen in a comparison of Mandelbrot’s...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 10:04

... human body in English and Vietnamese Choosing two languages, English and Vietnamese to make a contrastive analysis has scientific base on linguistics and culture England and Vietnam have their ... Furthermore, because of the importance and necessity of substratum knowledge in teaching and learning English and Vietnamese, we would like to examine and find out some relationships between ... transference of English and Vietnamese words to help teaching and learning English and Vietnamese as well We hope the results of the study will help the readers have deep understanding about the mechanism...

Ngày tải lên: 18/12/2013, 21:45

... 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol For example, mm dithiothreitol caused 72% and 85% inhibition of BHLmL2 and BHAb, respectively, while mm 2-mer- captoethanol caused 85% and 97% inhibition of BHLmL2 and ... resulted in 55% and 51% loss of the initial activities of BHLmL2 and BHAb, respectively These results strongly suggest that Ser is involved in the catalytic activity of BHLmL2 and BHAb and are consistent ... BHAb is a dimer Identification and chemical modification of the purified enzymes To identify BHLmL2 and BHAb, the bands obtained from SDS ⁄ PAGE were digested with trypsin and then analyzed by LC-MS...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 14:20