... concentrating solar power dish and trough systems, micro-hydropower,
and biomass systems for electricity generation. Special attention is given to under-
standing the physics of fuel cells and their potential ... in the electricpower industry, worldwide. New tech-
nologies on both sides of the meter leading to structural changes in the way that
power is provided and used, an emerging demand for electricity ... Stein and Reynolds (1992).
Average power
w
t
in
p
a
,
p
b
or
p
c
p
a
p
b
p
c
Power
Total power
p
a
+
p
b
+
p
c
is constant
Figure 2.16 The sum of the three phases of power in balanced delta and...
... gura-
tion of power networks. Load disturbances, on the other hand, are the sudden large
load changes and the small random fl uctuations in load demands. The confi guration
of power networks ... accurately modeling power system components such as
synchronous generators, excitation systems, and loads has received a great deal of
attention from the power industry. Standard generator and excitation ... between the excitation system and the rest of the power system, and (3) the
degree of saturation and equipment aging, and so on. Also, the parameter values of
excitation systems provided by manufacturers...
... 101
4.3.3 Multiple Generators: Real Power 107
4.3.4 Multiple Generators: Reactive Power 112
viii
CONTENTS
ELECTRIC POWER
SYSTEMS
including reactive power, I had seen. That manual proved to me that it ... the amount of power
transmitted by a line is given by the product of the current flowing through it and
1.4 RESISTIVE HEATING 17
ELECTRIC POWER
SYSTEMS
A CONCEPTUAL INTRODUCTION
Alexandra von Meier
A ... complex subject of
electric power.
I envision two main audiences for this book. The first consists of students and
researchers who are learning about electric circuits andpower system engineering
in...
... expected to start and stop about 40 times a day as well as
Figure 1.12 Wave power generation (Figure adapted from Pelamis)
Introduction 19
Electric Power
Systems
Electric Power
Systems
B.M. Weedy ... system is operated and controlled to give
secure and economic power supplies.
c. Analysis, the calculation of voltage, power, and re active power in the system
under normal and abnormal conditions. ... updated
edition will ensure that ElectricPower Systems
continues to be an invaluable resource
for senior undergraduates in electrical engineering.
Electric Power
Systems
FIFTH EDITION
B.M. WEEDY,...
... Soliman
Department of Electrical
Power and Machines
Misr University for Science
and Technology
6th of October City, Egypt
Abdel-Aal Hassan Mantawy
Department of Electrical
Power and Machines
Ain Shams ... rule-based systems with fuzzy logic, fuzzy logic
controllers, and fuzzy decision systems.
The broadest class of problems within power system planning and operation is
decision making and optimization, ... Operation of ElectricPower Systems.
Academic, New York (1979)
2. Horst, R., Pardalos, P.M. (eds.): Handbook of Global Optimization. Kluwer, Netherlands
(1995)
3. Kuo, B.C.: Automatic Control Systems, ...
...
necessary
to
supply 300
kW
of 60-Hz power. The only power sources
available
operate at
50
Hz.
It
is
decided to
generate the power by means
of a
motor-generator set ...
50-Hz power
to 60-Hz power?
S
OLUTION
The speed of a synchronous machine is
related
to its frequency by
the
equation
m
n
=
120
f
e
P
To make a
50
Hz
and
...
has
a
synchronous reactance of 1.1
&
and an
armature resistance
of 0.15
&
. At 60 Hz, its friction and windage
losses are 24 kW, and its core losses are 18 kW. The field circuit...
...
now
supplying power to
the system,
an increase in field current increases the
reactive power supplied to the
loads, and a decrease in field current decreases the reactive
power supplied ... the output
power will be given
by
P
A
V
E
sin
=
3
⎞
™
X
S
and the output power is proportional to
sin
™
.
Since
sin
11.4
°=
0.198
, and
sin
... diagrams and
by
means of phasor
diagrams what happens to the generator.
How
much reactive power
does the generator
supply now?
(d)
With the diesel generator now supplying
real power...
... of 0.75
&
and
an
armature resistance of 0.04
&
. Generators 1 and 2 have a characteristic power- frequency
slope
s
P
of 2.5
MW/Hz,
and generators 2 and
3
have
a
... direction of power flow reverses in
Generator C.
(c)
The power sharing in
(a)
is not acceptable, because
Generator 2 has
exceeded its power limits.
(d)
To improve the
power
... be adjusted to get
them
supplying
a power
factor
of
0.85 lagging. At that point, each generator will be supplying its rated
real and reactive power.
(d)
Under
the
conditions...
...
load current
and power factor.
If the field current
and the magnitude
of the load
current are held
constant,
how
will
the terminal
voltage
change
as
the load power factor ...
rated
current and internal generated voltage of this generator?
(b)
What field current
does this
generator
require to operate
at the rated voltage,
current, and
power factor?
...
know
R
A
,
X
S
,
and the current angle
⎝
, we know enough to find the phase
voltage
⎞
V
, and therefore the terminal voltage
T
V
.
At lagging
power factors,
⎞
V
can
...
... powerandpower factor to the bus.
You
may
ignore
the
armature
resistance
R
A
when
answering
the following questions.
(a)
What would happen to the real and reactive power ... lagging,
and
60
Hz.
Its synchronous reactance is 0.9
&
,
and its
resistance may be
ignored.
(a)
What
is its voltage regulation?
(b)
What would the voltage and apparent power ... voltage
E
A
= 13,590 V,
and the torque angle
™
=
23
°
.
(c)
Ignoring
losses,
the
input power would
equal the output power. Since
(
)(
)
and
OUT
P
0.85
...
... lagging.
(a)
What
are
the
real powerand the reactive
power supplied by each generator to
the
load?
(b)
What is
the
overall
power factor of the load?
(c)
In
... maintenance and some power could still be
generated.
5-27.
A 25-MVA three-phase 13.8-kV two-pole 60-Hz synchronous generator
was
tested
by the open-circuit
test,
and its air-gap ...
generator. What
would be the advantages and
disadvantages of each choice?
S
OLUTION
A single 20 MW generator
will probably be cheaper and
more efficient
than
two
10
MW
generators,...
... be
if the power factor is adjusted
to 0.8
leading?
S
OLUTION
(a)
If this motor is assumed lossless,
then the input power is equal to the output power. The input
power to ...
motor’s new power
factor?
(d)
Calculate and
plot the motor’s
V-curve for this
load condition.
S
OLUTION
(a)
If losses
are
being ignored,
the
output power is equal ...
A 480-V, 60 Hz, four-pole synchronous motor draws 50 A from
the
line
at
unity
power
factor
and
full
load.
Assuming that the
motor is lossless, answer the following questions:
...
... current
is
known, so
we will find
the
input
power
and
armature current
ignoring that term, and then correct
the
input power after we know
it.
(
)(
)
IN
P
1000 hp
... this machine
operate
at
unity
power
factor
when
supplying full
load?
(b)
What
is the motor’s efficiency at full
load and
unity power factor?
(c)
If
the
field ... before, but the phase angle has become positive.
The
new
power
factor is
cos 3.5
°
= 0.998 leading, and the reactive power
supplied by the motor is
3
sin
3
(
2300
V
)(
21
=
...
...
(c)
What
is the power factor
of
the motor
after the increase in
motor flux?
S
OLUTION
(a)
The motor is operating at rated power
and unity
power factor, so the current ... the electrical system? How much reactive
power
Q
is this machine
consuming from or supplying to the electrical
system?
S
OLUTION
This machine is a motor,
consuming
power
...
(f)
As
we
can
see
by
comparing
the
results
of
(c)
and
(e)
,
the
power- handling
capability
of
the
synchronous motor varies
linearly
with
the
...