regulatory legal and private sector initiatives

... issuance and foreign syndicated bank loan contracts come from Bondware and Loanware and cover 30 emerging markets between 1984 and 2004.4 We group privately owned firms into financial and nonfinancial sectors ... and its resolution (Dooley and Verma, 2003; Tomz and Wright, 2005), and via exogenous shocks that affect both the probability of sovereign debt crisis and the amount of foreign credit to the private ... the private sector Recent empirical work has found various changes in private sector credit patterns in the aftermath of financial crises (Blalock, Gertler, and Levine, 2004; Desai, Foley, and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 08:20

... liabilities Actuaries and plan sponsors are given very specific, and different, guidance by the IRS and the FASB about how those assumptions are chosen, who chooses them, and what conditions they ... work life and require clear and consistent disclosure of pension costs, along with the plan’s assets and obligations in a company’s financial statements Statement of Financial Accounting Standard ... CURRENT PENSION FUNDING AND ACCOUNTING FOR PRIVATE SECTOR PENSION PLANS Pension Funding Pension Accounting Purpose Cash contributions to the pension plan Accounting cost and disclosure of pension...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 14:20

... Joyce (gjoyce@rand.org) and Jesse Malkin (malkin@rand.org) Susan Everingham (susane@rand.org) is the director of RAND’s Forces and Resources Policy Center and C Ross Anthony (rossa@rand.org) is ... RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world RAND’s ... product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors All RAND monographs undergo...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 18:20

... USA Ireland Singapore Switzerland Iceland Netherlands Canada Australia Austria Sweden Finland UK Germany Taiwan Japan France Bahrain Italy Spain Greece $40,000 $35,000 $30,000 New Zealand $25,000 ... foreign and local competition Related and Supporting Industries Sophistication of local customers and needs – e.g., strict quality, safety, and environmental standards Availability of suppliers and ... propositions: Whole Foods’ customers) • Fair and demanding regulatory standards (California auto emissions & mileage standards) • Local needs that can be served nationally and globally (Urbi’s housing financing,...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 02:20

... innovation and drive value for money, and that catalyse private investment for the benefit of poor people The private sector and prosperity for poor people We are not starry-eyed Private companies ... investment and deepening private sector links into communities we can multiply the reach of the private sector and increase the opportunities for poor people The private sector is more than just ... poor people The private sector and prosperity for poor people and men to participate in and contribute to that growth By creating jobs and opportunities, by providing new goods and services including...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 23:20

... EBPs and attitudes toward EBPs was lower in public sector organizations than in private sector organizations Public and private sector organizations also differed by gender composition (public sector ... EBP, and EBP use Examination of these issues has the potential to increase our understanding of EBP implementation and help inform implementation strategies within both governmental and private sector ... found to be less entrepreneurial than their private sector counterparts [23] Such sector differences likely contribute to the private sectors' early and more widespread adoption of EBPs within...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 05:21

... capacity-building, patient and family education as well as advocacy to include diabetes in national plans and priorities, and large-scale awareness-raising initiatives Private- sector initiatives like these ... that collaboration between private and public sectors is needed to address the challenges of poverty, above and beyond the MDGs - and that this includes NCDs [19] - and organisations such as the ... fat and added sugar in key brands, and by 2012 it will ‘eliminate the direct sale of full-sugar soft drinks in primary and secondary schools around the globe’ and ‘display calorie count and key...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 14:21

... choice and wealth evolution with imperfect credit market, by referring to earlier works such as Evans and Jovanovic (1989), Banerjee and Newman (1993), Galor and Zeira (1993) and Aghion and Bolton ... enterprises (TVEs) in the 1980s, the private sector emerged as the new engine in the 1990s According to Sonobe et al (2004), “the heartland of this private sector growth was Zhejiang Province, ... assumption is similar to that of Banerjee and Newman (1993) and Galor and Zeira (1993) so that individuals are living for one period only, and thus and over generations, the evolution of wealth...

Ngày tải lên: 02/10/2015, 17:14

... increasing private investment and the risk exposure of the lenders necessitate researches in risk mitigation in project financing in Vietnam, particularly in private sector On the other hand, not ... the project financing in private sector in Vietnam involves the participation IFC, we will exam only the financing structures IFC IFC often lends to the private sector and seeks no state support ... equitized However, in practice the private sector remains disadvantaged in many areas, such as landuse rights and access to credit Regulations on setting up private business also represent a significant...

Ngày tải lên: 12/04/2013, 21:39

... ‘‘zerobased,’’ and other budgeting techniques, environmental and regulatory impact statements and regulatory analyses, and statutes that specify that agencies make rules on 267 268 Regulatory accountability ... the system’s functioning The twists and turns of political-agendas, the episodic and random 245 246 Regulatory accountability and legitimacy interests of courts and of outside commentators provide ... distinction between legal accountability (to the courts in respect of the juridical values of fairness, rationality and legality) and political accountability (to ministers and to Parliament or...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 07:20

... the law: Formalism and the struggle for legal control’ (1991) Formalism and the failure of legal control Different approaches to law and control co-exist in legal policy and legal thinking, but ... shall see that central to the study and analysis of regulatory enforcement is the width of discretion within regulatory systems (in the hands of both public and private actors), providing ample ... and more private Regulatory officials are able to exercise considerable discretion and tend to make policy on a case-by-case basis rather than through the application of general rules and standards...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 07:20

... then subject to approval by regulatory authorities) and regulatory republicanism (where an enlightened private sector and an informed public, through deliberation and constructive participation, ... individuals employed in the private sector and that, often, more can be achieved by harnessing the enlightened self-interest of the private sector than through command and control regulation It ... of sectoral relationships From command and control to negotiation and persuasion Traditional public management, with its focus on the operation of public agencies, emphasises command and...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 07:20

... similarities such as between England and Scotland.51 A common linguistic heritage (for example, of the Nordic countries) or common language (for example, England, Wales and Ireland) will conduce towards ... Lex Mercatoria and Legal Pluralism: A Late Thirteenth-century Treatise and its Afterlife (Cambridge, MA: The Ames Foundation, 1998) O F Robinson, T D Fergus and W M Gordon, European Legal History ... 285 International commercial law and private governance should rightly be made the focus of understanding and learning63 in an orchestrated attempt to comprehend legal orders across jurisdictions...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 08:20

... spines; glandular-hairy, having the hairs ending in glands (usually needing a magnifying glass to be seen) Texture.—Succulent, fleshy; scarious, dry and chaffy; punctate, having translucent glands, ... of the flower, and is called the pistil It is this part which forms the fruit and incloses the seed The stamens and the pistil are the essential organs of a flower, because they, and they only, ... long, slender, and sharppointed buds The obovate and almost stalked buds of the Alders are also very conspicuous and peculiar In the Balsam Poplar the buds are large, sharp-pointed, and gummy; in...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 12:20

... Strategy Paper Private Participation in Infrastructure Public -Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility Private Sector Advisory Services Private Sector Development Private Sector Development and Infrastructure ... Private sector organizations Both for-profit and not-for-profit organizations form part of the private sector As the Bank’s education sector strategy points out, Private is a broad concept and ... been advisory services (to governments, private sector institutions and firms), economic and sector work, research and training Arbitration, standard setting and ratings have emerged as an important...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 06:20

... corporations, trade and professional associations, and individuals; by government grants and contracts; and by private foundations ICJ disseminates its work widely to the legal, business, and research ... The RAND Institute for Civil Justice The mission of RAND Institute for Civil Justice (ICJ) is to improve private and public decisionmaking on civil legal issues by supplying policymakers and the ... RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world RAND’s...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 02:20

... Independence and Objectivity Members and Candidates must use reasonable care and judgment to achieve and maintain independence and objectivity in their professional activities Members and Candidates ... of Practice Handbook STANDARDS oF PRoFESSIONAL CoNoucT I PROFESSIONALISM A Knowledge of the Law Members and Candidates must understand and comply with all applicable laws, rules, and regulations ... BooK - ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS, BEHAVIORAL FINANCE, AND PRIVATE WEALTH MANAGEMENT Readings and Learning Outcome Statements 10 Study Session - Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 14:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 07:20