regulation of smooth muscle contraction

... INTRODUCTION A Overview of smooth muscle B Smooth muscle contraction C Smooth muscle origins D Smooth muscle phenotypes E Smooth muscle differentiation markers ... Examples of this type of smooth muscle include the ciliary muscle of the eye, the iris of the eye and the piloerector muscle that causes erection of hair In single-unit smooth muscle, a whole group of ... function of smooth muscle cells During the pathogenesis of these diseases, smooth muscle cells have a marked alteration in the expression of many smooth muscle- specific genes and smooth muscle...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 13:09

... affect smooth Ó FEBS 2002 Fig Ablomin specifically inhibits high K+-stimulated contraction of rat-tail arterial smooth muscle (A) Blockage of high K+-induced contraction by ablomin Smooth muscle ... latisemin) Contraction measurements on rat-tail arterial smooth muscle Helical strips of endothelium-free rat-tail arterial smooth muscle were prepared as described previously [41] All the contraction ... are relative molecular mass of standard molecular marker proteins (B) The effect of ablomin homologous proteins on high K+-induced smooth muscle contraction Smooth muscle strips were pretreated...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 01:20

... Discussion The results of this study demonstrate that IL-8 induces a greater contraction of ASM cells from CF patients compared to those of control individuals The augmentation of ASM contraction is ... properties of airway smooth muscle has not been established However, Robert et al have reported that CFTR channels are present in rat vascular smooth muscle cells and that stimulation of the channels ... effects of extracellular purines and pyrimidines on human airway smooth muscle cells J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005, 315:941-948 Tao F, Chaudry S, Tolloczko B, Martin JG, Kelly SM: Modulation of smooth muscle...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... differentiation of smooth muscle cells from a variety of tissues, including vasculature and airways [1,2] In addition, several growth factors have been shown to induce contraction of vascular smooth muscle ... (A)-and PDGF (B)-induced contraction of guinea pig open-ring tracheal smooth muscle preparations EGF (A)-and PDGF (B)-induced contraction of guinea pig open-ring tracheal smooth muscle preparations ... http://respiratory-research.com/content/6/1/85 Figure mechanism of growth factor-induced airway smooth muscle contraction Putative Putative mechanism of growth factor-induced airway smooth muscle contraction Growth factors, like...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:22

... comparison of Tm5a with smTm allows study of the effects of replacement of muscle exons 1a and 2a by nonmuscle exon 1b, and comparison of Tm5a with Tm5b allows the effects of exchange of exon to ... of the a-Tm molecule For this purpose, we have used the smooth muscle a-Tm (smTm) and the two a-Tm fibroblast isoforms Tm5a and Tm5b, as shown in Fig All of these a-Tm isoforms have a smooth muscle- like ... of lobster muscle Tm altered end-to-end interaction between Tm molecules and actin affinity of Tm [4] The replacement of muscle- specific exon 6b by nonmuscle exon 6a in recombinant rat smooth muscle...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... Regulation of AMPK a2b2c3 complexes by AMP K Lindgren et al all of which are required for its activity [8,9] In the mammalian genome, two isoforms of the a-subunit (a1 and ... shown to bind the allosteric activator of the kinase, AMP, whereas the two pairs of CBS domains both bind one molecule of AMP [20] In terms of the structure of AMPK, the b-subunit has been reported ... caused an activation of 2–4-fold of the AMPK a2b2c3 trimers expressed in bacteria or COS7 cells, relative to the activity in the absence of AMP Previously, allosteric regulation of c3-containing...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 08:20

... level of smooth muscle cells, the data presented are consistent with a dual role of RhoA in the cytoskeletal changes and transcriptional modulation of the CTGF/CCN2 gene The overexpression of a ... prompt termination of the protein synthesis These data add to the growing body of information supporting a preponderant role of p38 in the regulation of gene expression at the level of mRNA stability ... establish the specificity of action of Rho GTPases on CTGF/CCN2 expression, we examined the ability of the constitutively active forms of Rho GTPases to enhance the expression of the endogenous CTGF/CCN2...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... of asthma In this regard, airway smooth muscle has a role in the regulation of airflow and in maintaining airway caliber Airway smooth muscle contractility Page of 14 (page number not for citation ... previous studies demonstrate the up -regulation of CD38 expression by estrogen in uterine smooth muscle [23-25] Taken together, it is likely the transcriptional regulation of CD38 expression by these ... the cd38 promoter are shown in Table Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cell culture Human airway smooth muscle (HASM) isolated from the trachealis muscle and propagated as described previously [9,10]...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... much less about the regulation of airway hyperresponsiveness According to current models, it involves proliferation and phenotypic changes of structural cells (e.g smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts) ... experiments Cells were positive for smooth muscle specific α-actin and in light microscopy the cells displayed the reported characteristics of viable smooth muscle cells in culture [30] Experimental ... an involvement of COX in the induction of BDNF but not of NGF To test this, we evaluated the effects of the COXinhibitors indomethacin and NS-398 (both 10 µM) on the secretion of these two neurotrophins...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:20

... http://respiratory-research.com/content/6/1/148 Figure tissue and of cultures by immunostaining Expressioncell MMP-12 protein in bronchial smooth muscle Expression of MMP-12 protein in bronchial smooth muscle tissue and cell cultures ... PI3-K and AP-1 pathways Therefore, airway smooth muscle cells, similar to vascular smooth muscle cells, are an important source of MMP-12 [23] Page of 11 (page number not for citation purposes) ... involved in the regulation of a number of cellular responses, including MMP-12 induction in human vascular smooth muscle cells [23] We used two structurally different inhibitors of PI3-K: wortmannin,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... expression of transcription factors precedes upregulation of interleukin-6 in cultured human airway smooth muscle cells [abstract] Eur Respir J 1999, 12: 57s 17 Hirst SJ, Lee TH: Airway smooth muscle ... A: Production of PGE2 by bovine cultured airway smooth muscle cells: regulation by cAMP J Appl Physiol 1995, 78:623-628 54 Johnson SR, Knox AJ: Synthetic functions of airway smooth muscle in asthma ... induce proliferation of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in vitro, possibly leading to the observed increase in smooth muscle mass in the asthmatic airway CC chemokines Secretion of other cytokines...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... Kotlikoff M Use of cultured airway myocytes for study of airway smooth muscle Am J Physiol 1995, 268:L1-L11 Panettieri RA, Murray RK, DePalo LR, Yadvish PA and Kotlikoff MI A human smooth muscle ... principal effector of Gqmediated signaling Eleven different isoforms of PLC exist and exhibit distinct patterns of regulation; members of the PLCβ subfamily tend to mediate the actions of activated ... of calponin in airway smooth muscle Am J Physiol 1997, 272:L115-L123 Hakonarson H and Grunstein MM Regulation of second messengers associated with airway smooth muscle contraction and relaxation...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... mechanical activity of many smooth muscles [1,11–13] (Fig 1) Slow waves cause entry of Ca2+ through opening of L-type Ca2+ channels and contractions of the smooth muscle Cyclical release of Ca2+ from ... mechanism is that it requires synchronization of large numbers of stores across many cells [4,19] Gastric smooth muscle cells and associated interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) form a syncytium interconnected ... potentials (Fig 2A) Application of the caffeine-containing physiological saline solution to the central region of a single bundle strip of guinea pig gastric circular smooth muscle caused decoupling...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells through modulation of various steps of growth signals Lipids 31 (Suppl ), S301–S304 16 Pakala, R., Sheng, W.L & Benedict, C.R (2000) Vascular smooth muscle ... that of control cells As expected, SMC stimulated with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum also had a reduced total content of caveolin-1 The concentration of the caveolin-3 isoform, mainly found in muscle, ... the production of PGE2 [18] The inhibition of PGE2 release was the consequence of a reduction of COX-2 and secretory PLA2 mRNA expression Moreover, the IL-1b-induced expression of secretory PLA2...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... Signalling ¸ ¸ functions of a-tocopherol in smooth muscle cells Intern J Vit Nutr Res 67, 343–349 ¨ Ozer, N.K & Azzi, A (2000) Effect of vitamin E on the development of atherosclerosis Toxicology ... Effect of TS on LPS/IFN-induced NO production in VSMC The addition of LPS induced small, but significant NO production, but additions of both LPS and IFN induced detectably high levels of NO in ... VSMC As shown in Fig 2A, approximately 20 lM of NO was produced by 10 lgÆmL)1 of LPS and 100 UÆmL)1 of IFN Under these conditions, detectable induction of iNOS protein was observed by Western blotting...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 04:20

... [31,34–36] As binding of Ab to the basement membrane is an early step in Ab-induced VSMC toxicity, we have examined the effect of substrate-bound Ab on the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells in ... The number of apoptotic cells was expressed as a percentage of the total number of cells counted in each field RESULTS Effect of substrate-bound Ab on VSMC To determine whether culture of VSMC on ... lL of a 200 lM solution) was then added to 100 lL aliquots of cell extracts and samples incubated at 37 °C for 24 h The absorbance of samples was then read at a wavelength of 415 nm Fig Effect of...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... as visceral smooth muscle Likewise, the role of extracellular cADPR in modulating neurotransmission at the nerve smooth muscle junction remains to be determined In a number of smooth muscle tissues, ... cell membranes in a smooth muscle organ The extracellular b-NAD+–cADPR system, together with CD38, may thus participate in the complex mechanisms of synaptic regulation of smooth muscle functions ... axis After removal of urothelium, the detrusor smooth muscles were used for experiments All experiments were carried out in pure detrusor smooth muscles, to avoid the influence of the urothelium,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... amount of evidence to suggest that PDP2 levels may change [50], but overall the work to date suggests that control of expression of PDK isoforms is the major mechanism for chronic regulation of the ... activity of PDC in any given tissue reflects the relative abundance of each PDK ⁄ PDP isoform, their specific activities and their sensitivity to allosteric regulators Skeletal muscle, by virtue of its ... electrophoresis (data not shown) Molecular cloning of each PDK or PDP isoform was confirmed by sequence comparison of each clone with 3005 Regulation of hPDK2 and hPDK4 gene expression the previously...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20

... proliferation of PASMCs Recent studies have revealed that an antiproliferative effect of HO-1 on non-PASMC pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells and other types of cells is associated with upregulation of ... stimulates HO-1 expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) (vascular smooth muscle cells showing some differences from systemic vascular smooth muscle cells) If so, whether and how HO-1 ... cell cycle: a review of regulation, deregulation and therapeutic targets in cancer Cell Prolif 36, 131–149 18 Chang T, Wu L & Wang R (2008) Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... Reversibility of the effects of calcium-induced contraction of cardiomyocytes on the kinetics of regulation of mitochondrial respiration by exogenous ADP The kinetics of respiratory regulation was measured ... addition of calcium (at a concentration of lm) resulted in a very strong contraction of cardiomyocytes, and the length of cardiomyocytes was decreased by % 50% (Fig 1) This strong contraction of the ... intracellular control of contraction Am J Physiol 270, H338H349 Landesberg A & Sideman S (1999) Regulation of energy consumption in cardiac muscle: analysis of isometric contractions Am J Physiol...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20