regulation of jnk by small gtpases

... universal regulator of ARE-directed cytokine regulation Towards the development of small RNA drugs for treatment of inflammatory skin disease Our knowledge of small RNA-directed gene regulation is ... administration of anti-IL20 antibodies leads to resolution of psoriasis [40] Regulation of the cytokine network at the RNA level The regulation of cytokine production is the very foundation of the innate ... the expression of a variety of psoriasis-related cytokines, as suggested by the wealth of potential AREs found in cytokineencoding transcripts The implication of p38α in cytokine regulation has,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... review of the specific and integrated roles of small GTPases in the control and execution of the TGFb signaling pathway Interconnection between TGFb signaling and receptor traffickingregulation by small ... nodal ⁄ BMP gradient by regulating the endocytosis of ActRIIs Rap2 Rap2 is a member of the Ras family of small GTPases whose effector domain is almost identical to that of Ras, and can therefore ... go to only one of the two daughter cells, leaving the other relatively clear of such signaling byproducts A deeper understanding of the role of microtubules in the regulation of Smad trafficking...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 01:20

... dissociation of GEF from small GTPases and activating the small GTPases to allow the interaction with downstream effectors There are many varieties of GEFs of small GTPases Small GTPases are recognized by ... biochemical studies of small GTPases showed that there are two interconvertible forms of small GTPases: a GDP-bound inactive form and a GTPbound active form In the GDP-bound form, small GTPases can not ... BASIS FOR RECRUITMENT OF TRAFFIC PROTEINS BY SMALL GTPASES WU MOUSHENG (B.Sc., M.Sc) Xiamen University A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 08:31

... loss of p53 expression In tumours expressing wild-type p53, its ability to repress cancer development often becomes functionally inactivated via the upregulation of critical negative regulators of ... as well as phosphorylation of MDM2 at Ser395 by ATM, are critical events (Fig 1) [13,14] Depending on the extent of damage, p53 induces transcription of different sets of target genes, leading ... in apoptosis N Bitomsky & T G Hofmann Fig Regulation of DNA damage-induced cell death by p53 and HIPK2 Genotoxic stress-induced DNA damage facilitates activation of the DNA damage-activated protein...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 00:20

... levels is mainly achieved by modulation of secretases, namely by the induction of a-secretase activity, by inhibition of b-secretases and ⁄ or c-secretases, or by a combination of both This study provided ... Regulation of secretases by retinoic acid A Koryakina et al use of several potential PKC activators, such as phorbol esters Therefore, an assessment of the action of RA(s) in AD ... activation in N2a and HEK293 cells Fig S5 Regulation of b-secretase by ATRA affected BACE1, but not BACE2, in N2a cells Fig S6 Regulation of b-secretase by ATRA affected BACE1, but not BACE2, in...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 01:20

... destabilizes DNp63a by both proteasomal and caspase-dependent degradation pathways The degradation of DNp63a by TNF-a was attenuated by inhibition of NF-jB, suggesting that activation of NF-jB may be ... a subunit of NF-jB [30], and SP600125 is an ATP competitive inhibitor for JNK1 , JNK2 and JNK3 [31] As shown in Fig 3B, pretreatment of 6514 ME180 cells with JSH23 resulted in a delay of DNp63a ... Regulation of DNp63a by TNF-a H.-o Lee et al directly involved Therefore, the identification of downstream targets of NF-jB is likely to provide a key to understanding how DNp63a is degraded by...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... feedback was smaller or in absence of feedback loops In absence of receptor internalization, 65% inhibition of PTP1B by Akt was required to display a bistable response, whereas, inclusion of receptor ... negative feedback regulation on PTP1B by Akt and higher requirement of insulin for maximal translocation of GLUT4 Thus, in Fig 3B curve 'a' and curve 'b' can be characterized by two and one half ... Some of the details like, other isoforms of insulin receptor substrate and multiphosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate are not shown here Nomenclature: GLUT4: Glucose-transporter isoform...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 22:22

... profiles of Rab GTPases and their effectors in a wide variety of mammalian tissues and cells This deposited research Pelkmans et al [10] also clustered the kinases into 11 groups on the basis of ... work [10] as regulators of viral infection, indicating the high sensitivity of the assay used for the screen Nearly a quarter of all of the kinases found to be regulators of endocytosis in the ... [16,17] By systematically knocking down the level of each human kinase individually, 590 in total, and monitoring the changes in viral infection rates in HeLa cells (which reflect regulation of the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 16:20

... Accepted by the Faculty of Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy _ Debbie C Thurmond, ... manipulations of this complex may have therapeutic potential as a strategy to treat Type diabetes Debbie C Thurmond, Ph.D -Chair vii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES xiii LIST OF FIGURES xiv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ... CURRICULUM VITAE xii LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1 Expression of v- and t-SNARE Isoforms in Adipose, Skeletal Muscle and Pancreatic β-cells Table 1-2 Comparison of Exocytosis Events of Insulin Granules,...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 11:41

... chromatin condensation and enucleation by allowing upregulation of RIOK3 and MXI17 vi List of Tables Table The summary of the experimental system used in the study of red cell formation, the normal ... Figure Different cell fates of stem cells after cell division Figure The regulation of ES cells by critical transcription factors Figure The understanding of self-renewal of adult stem and progenitor ... positive regulation of factors required for maintenance of stem cell properties and the negative regulation of factors required for differentiation, NANGO, OCT4, and SOX2 contribute to maintenance of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:23

... involved in the regulation of autophagy (Yang and Klionsky, 2010a) Recent studies on the regulation of autophagy have also uncovered the existence of MTORC1-independent regulation of mammalian autophagy ... MEFs Figure 21: Inhibition of SCD-1 activity by CAY results in decrease of unsaturated fatty 100 acid chains in DAG and TAG Figure 22: Induction of autophagy by inhibition of SCD-1 enzymatic activity ... independent of the MTORC1 regulation 65 Figure 9: PA also induces autophagy in HepG2 cells which is independent of MTORC1 66 regulation Figure 10: Autophagy induction by PA is not caused by intracellular...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:29

... Lifespan of Abp1p depends on phosphorylation state of Sla2p Lifespan of Pan1p depends on phosphorylation state of Sla2p Lifespan of Sla1p depends on phosphorylation state of Sla2p Lifespan of Ark1p ... 133 136 138 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Table 2.2 Table 2.3 Table 5.1 List of Strains List of Plasmids List of Antibodies Result of high-copy suppressor screen ix 47 49 52 130 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ... andHIP1R Structure of Prk1p kinase Types of endocytosis in higher eukaryotes Schematic of site-directed mutagenesis Sla2p is a substrate of Prk1 both in vitro and in vivo Lifespan of Sla2p depends...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:50

... arthritis and their role as key regulators of JNK Arthritis Rheum 2003, 48:2450-2460 Inoue T, Hammaker D, Boyle DL, Firestein GS: Regulation of JNK by MKK-7 in fibroblast-like synoviocytes Arthritis ... Vincenti MP, Brinckerhoff CE: Transcriptional regulation of collagenase (MMP-1, MMP-13) genes in arthritis: integration of complex signaling pathways for the recruitment of gene-specific transcription ... Chakraborti T: Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases: an overview Mol Cell Biochem 2003, 253:269-285 Reuben PM, Cheung HS: Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene expression by protein...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... rate of TN was significantly affected by plowing of paddy soils L(R) method L(R) method was developed in order to evaluate storm-runoff loads by using precipitations in cases of limited data of ... observation of storm-runoff events is not so easy to carry out sufficient times of the observation Then, the samples of storm-runoff loads were supplemented with the storm-runoff loads calculated by using ... increase of TN was caused mainly by the increase of NO3-N and DON The average concentration of TN was 2.18 mg l-1 NO3-N, DON and PN occupied 33, 30 and 25% of TN The changing patterns of the storm-runoff...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

... the presence of various concentrations of 2A2 mAb The binding of 2A2 mAb was followed by native gel electrophoresis Increasing the concentration of 2A2 mAb at a fixed molar ratio of cathepsin ... molecular weights of 161.8, 28.2 and 13.2 kDa, respectively Regulation of cathepsin B activity The formation of the cathepsin B ⁄ cystatin C complex was seen as a shift of the elution peak of cathepsin ... ´ B Mirkovic et al Regulation of cathepsin B activity 29 Silverman C, Komar M, Shields K, Diegnan G & Adamovics J (1992) Separations of the isoforms of a monoclonal antibody by gel isoelectric...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... with a stochiometry of : of dTTP bound per subunit of dCTP deaminase 4192 Mutational analysis of amino acid residues involved in dTTP regulation of dCTP deaminase The design of the mutant enzymes ... roles of His121 and Val122 in catalysis and regulation of dCTP deaminase Removal of the imidazole ring in H121A was anticipated to relieve or reduce inhibition by dTTP by preventing expulsion of ... significance of this last observation is that due to the proximity of residues 120–125 from each subunit in the centre of the trimer, the side chains of Val122 of one subunit and Thr123 of the neighbouring...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... lack of interaction between the two proteins as revealed by the absence of cosedimentation of T800 with myosin during a low speed centrifugation experiment (data not shown), and by the absence of ... reduction of HMM ATPase activity, measured in the presence of Tm–Tn (62% vs 69% reduction without and with T800, respectively) This small or nonexistent effect of T800 on the Ca2+-linked regulation of ... Inhibition of the ATPase activity was then explained by a slowing down of the formation of active complex in solution On the other hand, the acceleration of the sliding velocity (and the lower number of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... physiological regulation of sirtuins by NAD+ metabolites and by enzymes in the NAD+ salvage pathway In addition, we will cover the use and efficacy of small molecule inhibitors and activators of sirtuin ... summary, we suggest that small molecule regulation of sirtuins involves the cellular balance of NAD+ to nicotinamide, controlled by enzymes involved in NAD+ synthesis or salvage Small global alterations ... presence of exogenous nicotinamide [43], whereas deletion of PNC1 had the opposite effect [44] Although deletion of PNC1 did not change FEBS Journal 272 (2005) 4607–4616 ª 2005 FEBS Small molecule regulation...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... mechanism of regulation of both domains involves a common iron dependent process [74,75,79] Regulation of HIFa subunits by oxygen-dependent prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylation A variety of oxygen ... activity not affected by hypoxia (reviewed in [60,61]) While the HIFa subunits may be subject to numerous levels of regulation by oxygen, it has been the recent analysis of HIF1a and HIF-2a protein ... comprehensive review see [60,61]) Regulation of HIF proteins by hypoxia One of the major challenges facing the HIF research field has been to understand the molecular mechanism by which cells are able to...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 23:20

... Biochem 269) sites of initiation of transcription of Dnmt1 [24] might have been a mistake and that there is a single site only [23] To understand the regulation of expression of the Dnmt1 gene ... supported by the Special Coordination Funds of RIKEN, by grants from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, Culture and Technology of Japan (to K K Y) and a grant from the Program for Promotion of ... expression of the promoter of the gene for p21Waf1/Cip1 [28,29] Therefore, we examined the effect of p300 on the promoter activity of the Dnmt1 gene in the presence of pCMV-Sp1 and of pCMV-Sp3 in NIH3T3...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20