regulation of intracellular carboxylase activity by biotin

... proximity of the active site, which causes inhibition of cathepsin B endopeptidase activity and activation of its exopeptidase activity The dual activity of cathepsin B is a consequence of the occluding ... molecular weights of 161.8, 28.2 and 13.2 kDa, respectively Regulation of cathepsin B activity The formation of the cathepsin B ⁄ cystatin C complex was seen as a shift of the elution peak of cathepsin ... ´ B Mirkovic et al Regulation of cathepsin B activity 29 Silverman C, Komar M, Shields K, Diegnan G & Adamovics J (1992) Separations of the isoforms of a monoclonal antibody by gel isoelectric...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... mechanism of regulation of both domains involves a common iron dependent process [74,75,79] Regulation of HIFa subunits by oxygen-dependent prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylation A variety of oxygen ... expressed and its activity not affected by hypoxia (reviewed in [60,61]) While the HIFa subunits may be subject to numerous levels of regulation by oxygen, it has been the recent analysis of HIF1a and ... CAD of HIF-1a and HIF-2a Other mechanisms of activation The induction of HIF activity by well established agents such as hypoxia, cobaltous ions and iron chelators can be easily explained by the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 23:20

... variables will again be denoted by Yn, as indicated in Fig 1A (second panel) The Yn values are determined by a system of algebro-differential equations of the form of Eqns (2)–(4) when the following ... overall steepness of the response curve by means of the effective Hill coefficient nH ¼ ln 81 ⁄ ln R, where the global response coefficient R is the ratio of the concentration of active kinase K0.9 ... constants of kinase (a) or phosphatase (b) are increased This fact holds true independently of whether phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of the target occurs as a result of the change in enzyme activity...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 10:20

... 31 Regulation of MMP activity E Hadler-Olsen et al prodomain of the enzyme remained intact [24] The specific activity of the proenzyme bound to the gelatincoated surface was approximately 10% of ... Binding of MMP-9 to Hp may comprise a method of regulating MMP-9 activity because Hp is known to bind cellular receptors followed by internalization and degradation Role of exosites in regulation of ... 37 Regulation of MMP activity E Hadler-Olsen et al Intracellular MMP-2 activity has been shown to be a mediator of acute myocardial (ischemia ⁄ reperfusion) stunning injuries, characterized by...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 00:20

... mechanism by which the tumour suppressor activities of DLG1 may be regulated: downregulation of DLG1 by modulation of the relative expression of DLG1 5¢-UTRs Furthermore, having shown that these ... efficiency of translation of oestrogen receptor isoforms (ERb) is regulated by alternative 5¢-UTRs Moreover, the different ERb 5¢-UTRs are differentially expressed between normal and tumour tissues of ... specifically amplified by RT-PCR from HEK293 cells transfected with the different pGL3P-5¢-UTR reporter vectors The levels of SDH were analysed as a control of the amount of cDNA The levels of Renilla were...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 16:20

... levels of CHMP4C RNA increased by 2.5-fold (data not shown) These data make it clear that the p53 protein can regulate the levels of this endosomal protein after activation of p53 by a series of ... was regulated by expression of Chmp4C (A,B) Overexpression of Chmp4C restored exosome production (A) Silver staining of a typical SDS ⁄ PAGE of the exosome production isolated by ultracentrifugation ... PCR to follow the steady-state levels of CHMP4C mRNA in the cell at 24 h after irradiation Activation of p53 by irradiation increased the levels of CHMP4C RNA by 4.5-fold in H460 cells, although...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:21

... cultures stimulated by 180 pm TGF-b1 [41,42] were included in all subsequent analyses Induction of collagen I by TGF-b1 and by ET-1 was perceptible by coomassie staining as well as by immunoblotting ... actions of TGF-b1 are mediated by the induction of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) [2], which stimulates collagen production by fibroblasts [3] CTGF is coexpressed with TGF-b1 at sites of tissue ... PC-PLC and PLD PLCb, a downstream effector of the Gaq [44] as well as of the bc subunit of Gai [45] was inhibited specifically by U73122 [46] Inhibiting PLC-b by U73122 did not alter ET-1-induced collagen...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 11:20

... the regulation of the activity of eIF2B, rather than the control of 4E-BP1 (or by implication, S6K1), is important for the overall regulation of protein synthesis in these cells Control of 4E-BP1 ... perhaps by decreasing the pool of intracellular amino acids [47] A further example of the regulation of translation factors by nutrients is the ability of glucose to modulate the phosphorylation of ... Several of these, especially those acting at Ser65 and Thr70, the sites most profoundly affected by rapamycin, may be regulated by nutrients through the mTOR pathway REGULATION OF 4E-BP1 BY AMINO...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:20

... Bimodal regulation of proprotein convertase ⁄ N Rabah et al an emission wavelength of 370 and 460 nm, respectively All the assays were started by the addition of the enzyme (corresponding to an activity ... of the proregion in controlling activation of the enzyme, it appears that the CT-peptide might be implicated in regulating enzyme activity This adds an additional level of complexity to the regulation ... after analysis of the enhanced conversion of human prorenin into mature renin in cells devoid of secretory granules It has been reported that no conversion of prorenin into renin by PC1 ⁄ could...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 08:20

... decreased expression of CXCR4 is not a non-specific consequence of HIV-1 infection (not shown) HIV-1 infection induces internalization of CXCR4 in RH9 cells Down -regulation of surface CD4 by envelope ... modulation of CCR5 expression by the R5 viruses is at the level of transcription [38] Further experiments will be needed to determine the mechanisms of down-modulation of surface CXCR4 by HIV-1 ... down -regulation of CXCR4 from the cell surface CXCR4 down -regulation may be due in part to intracellular sequestering of HIV glycoprotein/ CXCR4 complexes Methods Cells and virus Cells of the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... by expression of FOXO or inactivation of PI 3-kinase [13] In addition, transcription of cyclin D is negatively regulated by FOXO, and forced expression of cyclin D can partially bypass FOXO-induced ... broaden our understanding of the multiple layers of insulin-mediated growth regulation Control of gene expression by FOXO factors in response to insulin allows integration of transcriptional activities ... to growth arrest in a variety of cell types [12] Increased levels of insulin can suppress the growth arrest caused by overexpression of wild-type FOXO, but not of FOXO mutants lacking Akt phosphorylation...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:20

... analyzed for intensity of staining By the use of Quantity One v 4.5.2 software (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA), we determined color densities of 20 randomly selected areas of both the pericellular ... µg of hydroxyproline) and the 'pulsed EMF' group (0.9 ± 0.37 ng/ml per µg of hydroxyproline) Page of 11 (page number not for citation purposes) Impairment of chondrocyte activity induced by the ... thereby initiating an inadequate flow of electrolytes and charges that ultimately impair cartilage activity This assumption is fostered by our observations of a marked decrease in anabolic activity, ...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:22

... Hammaker et al Figure ent Regulation of AP-1 binding and transcriptional activity is TAK1-dependent The effect of TAK1 deficiency on IL-1β-induced AP-1 activation was evaluated by electrophoretic mobility ... Vincenti MP, Brinckerhoff CE: Transcriptional regulation of collagenase (MMP-1, MMP-13) genes in arthritis: integration of complex signaling pathways for the recruitment of gene-specific transcription ... Chakraborti T: Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases: an overview Mol Cell Biochem 2003, 253:269-285 Reuben PM, Cheung HS: Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene expression by protein...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... Figure Regulation of ID1 expression by KLF17 ID1 transcription is suppressed by KLF17 binding to the ID1 promoter Loss of expression of KLF17 by transcriptional suppression or inactivation by post-translational ... increased activation of matrix metalloproteinases One important question raised by the work of Gumireddy et al [3] is whether the regulation of KLF17 is entirely transcriptional or if its activity is ... phosphorylation by protein kinase C-ε (PKCε) within the amino-terminal region of KLF17 Given that the activity of some Sp1/KLF family members is known to be regulated by PKC isoforms [8,24-26],...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... system allowed measurement of callose synthesis, and thus describing its spatial distribution in the cells and the regulation of callose synthesis by the polymerization state of tubulin This connection ... alamethicin could be used to permeabilize BY- 2 cells [47] To enable the use of A thaliana cells in addition to BY- 2 and to investigate the regulation of callose synthesis, we wished to establish ... permeabilization of Col-0 cells Figure Alamethicin permeabilization of Col-0 cells (A) Oxygen consumption in Col-0 and BY- 2 cells after addition of 20 μg ml-1 alamethicin Points represent the rate of oxygen...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... analysis of the expression data we used a three step analytical strategy: (I) processing of raw intensity values and normalization of profiles, (II) examination of expression levels of gene categories ... assembly by normal human articular chondrocytes: up -regulation of hyaluronan synthase, CD44, and aggrecan Arthritis Rheum 2000, 43:206-214 Page 14 of 14 36 Vinall RL, Lo SH, Reddi AH: Regulation of ... IL-11 expression by more than eight-fold, IL-8 gene by four-fold and IL-6 by two-fold, respectively (Figure 2A) Likewise, when endogenous OP-1 was inhibited by OP1AS, expression of these four chemokines...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:22

... target genes of PPARβ The upregulation of these genes together with the down -regulation of PTEN led to an increase of Akt1 activity in keratinocytes and suppressed apoptosis induced by growth factors ... PPAR isoforms have different functions and activation profiles but share the ability to be activated by natural or synthetic ligands In addition, the activity of PPARα and PPARγ is modulated by phosphorylation ... hepatocytes In support of the role of TNFα as a key mediator in the stimulation of hepatocellular proliferation, recent findings suggest that down -regulation of the iron-binding protein lactoferrin (LF)...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... Down -regulation of telomerase activity by induction of differentiation of HL-60 cells has been reported [24,25] To understand the role of each telomerase subunit in enzyme activity, we used downregulation ... enzyme activity, we used downregulation of telomerase by inducing differentiation of HL-60 cells, and up -regulation of telomerase by stimulating proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells ... shown) Both of these results indicate that hTERT is the component primarily responsible for regulation of telomerase activity As shown in Fig 3, telomerase activity was up-regulated after h of PHA...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 23:20

... both TNF-α and atRA Regulation of transcription factor activity by p300 Differences in the affinity for p300 may contribute to the pattern of regulation of transcription factor activity observed ... reporter only (P > 0.05) IκB-2N attenuated the effect of TNF-α on Sox9 activity, but regulation of Sox9 activity by atRA was maintained Data are ratios of Sox9-regulated firefly luciferase units to constitutive ... reduction of Sox9 activity by atRA is independent of NF-κB activation Binding of protein complexes to the Col2a1 48-bp minimal enhancer and nuclear Sox9 levels Since Sox9 activity was decreased by TNF-α...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:22

... 90 Curriculum Vitae x LIST OF TABLES Table Changes in apoptotic genes as a result of loss of CHD8 72 xi LIST OF FIGURES Figure Schematic of functional domains of serum response factor (SRF) ... cells 70 Figure Loss of CHD8 causes attenuated expression of Birc5/survivin 73 Figure Proposed model of CHD8’s regulation of apoptosis through mediation of survivin expression ... but regulation of transcription of these genes is also controlled by additional transcription factors In addition to SRFdependent proliferation genes, the lack of SRF affects the expression of...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 11:38