referred and secondary orofacial pain syndromes

... ocular, and auricular pain Pulpaf pain Viscera! pain Visceral mucosal pain Physical pain Periodontal pain Connectivetissue pain Mucogingival pain Ostealgia m6 periosteal pain Cutaneous pain jyjpaln ... Neuritic pain Traumatic neuralgia Atypical tooth pain Postherapeutic neuralgia Herpes zoster Peripheral neuritis Neurovascular pain Vascular pain Episodic pain Paroxysmal neuralgia Glandular, ... reasonable effort and expense? • Would symptomatic treatment in the dental office be rea sonable? Superficial pain Sympathetic pain * Continuous pain Neuropathic pain Deafferentation pain Manual functional...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 11:20

... peripheral neuropathic pain (excluding patients with mixed pain and central neuropathic pain) and non-neuropathic pain therefore be used with caution in patients with reduced pain intensity However, ... patients with mixed pain Figure pathic pain (excluding patients with mixed pain) and non-neuropathic pain Cut-off point in the DN4 questionnaire optimizing the sensitivity and specificity values ... patients with mixed pain and central neuropathic pain Figure neuropathic in the DN4 questionnaire optimizing the sensitivity and specificity values non-neuropathic pain Cut-off pointpain (excluding...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... peripheral neuropathic pain (excluding patients with mixed pain and central neuropathic pain) and non-neuropathic pain therefore be used with caution in patients with reduced pain intensity However, ... patients with mixed pain Figure pathic pain (excluding patients with mixed pain) and non-neuropathic pain Cut-off point in the DN4 questionnaire optimizing the sensitivity and specificity values ... patients with mixed pain and central neuropathic pain Figure neuropathic in the DN4 questionnaire optimizing the sensitivity and specificity values non-neuropathic pain Cut-off pointpain (excluding...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 16:20

... What is pain and how we classify orofacial pain? In: Lund JP, Lavigne GJ, Dubner R, Sessle BJ (eds) Orofacial pain : from basic science to clinical management ; the transfer of knowledge in pain ... Peripheral mechanisms of orofacial pain In: Lund JP, Lavigne GJ, Dubner R (eds) Orofacial pain : from basic science to clinical management ; the transfer of knowledge in pain research to education ... subfamily (Types IIA and V) and type X secretory phospholipase A(2)s in regulating arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin generation Implications of cyclooxygenase-2 induction and phospholipid...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:30

... brainstem and spinal cord suggesting that this could be the most relevant isoform in the ascending pain pathway Western blots showed bands at 14 kDa of sPLA2-IIA in homogenates from brainstem and spinal ... cord and a second band at approximately 30 kDa in the spinal cord The second band could be due to dimerization of sPLA2-IIA The expression of sPLA2-IIA in the spinal trigeminal nucleus and dorsal ... support that sPLA2-IIA in vitro and in vivo can be upregulated by cytokines and also by TNF-α and IL-1α/β after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats (Adibhatla and Hatcher 2007) This induction...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:31

... intraoral pain, musculoskeletal pain affecting the jaw (temporomandibular disorders) and medical conditions that either directly cause or refer pain to the region or that phenomenon as orofacial pain ... release (Katz and Miledi 1967) Pain Pain sensation is an unpleasant feeling which results from tangible or probable tissue damage (Merskey and Bogduk 1994) and it affects both physically and psychologically ... American Academy of Orofacial Pain and International Headache Society diagnostic classification include all head, face, and neck conditions could be associated to orofacial pain The scope of practice...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:32

... 2009) and their require mM range of Ca2+ for their activities (Six and Dennis 2000; Valentin and Lambeau 2000; Farooqui and Horrocks 2004) These isozymes include sPLA2-IB, IIA, IIC, V and X and ... ketamine and xylazine cocktail and killed by decapitation Adequate measures were taken to minimize pain and discomfort, and procedures involving rats were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and ... is highest in the medulla oblongata, pons, and hippocampus, moderate in the hypothalamus, thalamus, and cerebral cortex, and low in the cerebellum and olfactory bulb (Thwin et al 2003) sPLA2...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:34

... types of pain depending on the source of pain and nature of the stimuli The two major types of pain are nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain Other types of pain include inflammatory pain and psychogenic ... for pain sensation from the body Adapted from Purves and Williams, 2001 13 Chapter I Introduction Orofacial pain Orofacial pain is defined by the American Academy of Orofacial Pain (AAOP) as pain ... inflammatory response that induces pain This type of pain is known as inflammatory pain Inflammatory pain is due mainly to the action of prostaglandins and bradykinin, and substances released during...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:34

... introduction of pain 1.1 History of pain study and pain definitions 1.2 Types of pain 1.2.1 Type (Acute nociceptive pain) 1.2.2 Type (Inflammatory pain) ... (Brodal 2004) 2.2 Orofacial pain The diagnosis of orofacial pain is complicated because of the region’s density of anatomical structures, rich innervations and high vascularity Orofacial pain is defined ... nociceptive pain) The mechanism of type of pain can be viewed as a simple and direct route of transmission centrally toward the thalamus and cortex and subsequently the conscious perception of pain, ...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:42

... tissue damage and peripheral inflammation; and (3) the consequences of neurological damage, including neuropathies and central pain states Phases of Pain There are three phases of pain known: (a) ... hyperalgesia, and in the area of normal tissue surrounding the injury site, as secondary hyperalgesia (c) Phase (Neuropathic Pain) These are abnormal pain states and are defined as pain initiated ... such as brushing and touch, are painful (allodynia), and normally mild painful stimuli, such are pinprick, are more painful (hyperalgesia) (LaMotte et al., 1991) This phenomenon of secondary hyperalgesia”...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2015, 13:53

... significant secondary component even in winter The importance of primary and secondary sources to OVOC and OC levels is explored in detail in the following section 3.3 Source Apportionment of OVOCs and ... (cyc), and other sources (cyo) as a function of time can then be calculated from (2) and (3) Contributions of ca, cyc, and cyo to the ambient levels of acetone, MEK, and acetaldehyde in summer and ... calculate that secondary plus biogenic sources accounted for 24%, 12% and 27% of the ambient concentrations of acetone, MEK and acetaldehyde respectively in the winter and 29%, 26% and 34% respectively...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... assessment and management of overweight and obesity in adults and children’, NICE clinical guideline no 43 (2006) q ‘Type diabetes: diagnosis and management of type diabetes in children, young people and ... systematic and explicit methods to identify, select and appraise relevant studies, and to extract, collate and report their findings It may or may not use statistical meta-analysis 4 Glossary and definitions ... educators, and that educators are properly trained and given time to develop and maintain their skills R4 Offer group education programmes as the preferred option Provide an alternative of equal standard...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 14:20

... information and skills they need to protect and enhance their own health and the health of their families.”5 Dietary Guidelines for Americans U.S Department of Agriculture and U.S Department of Health and ... supplemented with materials developed and distributed through partner networks and directly by USDA’s Food and Consumer Service and its Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, as well ... The relationship between diet and health, • Finding and choosing healthy foods, • Nutrients and their food sources, • The Food Guide Pyramid, and • Dietary guidelines and goals Table 4.—Percent...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 20:20

... inhibition and secondary metabolism B C D Fig Target validation in B subtilis Sfp+ ⁄ ) Bacillus subtilis 168 contains a lesion in the sfp gene and does not produce a viable gene product, and strain ... 62.5 and 200 lm against B subtilis 168 and the Sfp-containing mutant OKB105, respectively These differential values suggest that the compound crosses the cell membrane and inhibits AcpS, and that ... reactivating FAS and permitting continued growth Concomitantly, global translation of the natural product operons and phosphopantetheinylation of PKS and NRPS enzymes initiates secondary metabolite...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 01:20

... infrastructure, health, and basic scientific research would not be adjusted for inflation or the demands of a growing population and economy • Excluding funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment ... Ryan Roadmap dismantles Medicare and Medicaid and replaces these social insurance programs with vouchers, subsidies, and credits, leaving the elderly, poor, and millions of children to fend for ... Roadmap is like applying a band-aid to mask but not heal a serious affliction; states would need to raise taxes and/ or slash benefits, and consumers, particularly the elderly and low-income families...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 08:20

... Autonomic disturbances and pain may later ensue, and the condition progresses to cause significant disability and handicap with impaired quality of life for the affected person Family and carers may ... Assumptions and designs of the models were explained and agreed by the GDG members during meetings and validated by an additional health economist s Distilling and synthesising the evidence and writing ... drinking, washing and dressing environmental issues to improve safety and motor function cognitive assessment and appropriate intervention s Access to speech and language therapy Speech and language...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 13:20

... while O and cLBP showed a “cone” shape (Figure 5B and Figure 5C) CoR was located between L1 and L3 in C (CoR Zone: 2) and between S1 and ASIS in O and cLBP (CoR Zone: 5; Mann-Whitney p = 0.007 and ... clinical examination and duration of pain [40-42], and all of them performed an X-ray to exclude secondary cLBP The study has been approved by the local Ethical Committee and all the participants ... back pain, cervicobrachial and lumbosacral radicular syndromes) and some related risk factors J Neurol Sci 2001, 192:17-25 Hinton R, Moody RL, Davis AW, Thomas SF: Osteoarthritis: diagnosis and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... A and B was used, but included only MPTP-treated values and assigned value of for no treatment and 10, 30 and 50 for increasing dosage of valdecoxib The results were similar to those of A and ... analysis as in E and F was used, but included only MPTP-treated values and assigned values of 1.0, 0.5 and 0.0 to COX-2 WT, HT and KO, respectively The results were similar to those of E and F with ... group and #p < 0.05 compared to MPTP+vehicle group can be inferred from Figures and as well as Figures and Statistically, the correlation of COX-2 to the number of TH- and Nissl-stained neurons and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... Powers cycle is internal and relates to patterns of cellular development, such as the annual increment of the secondary vascular tissues, phloem and xylem However, growth and development occur only ... phloem and its various cell types, R – ray parenchyma in xylem (Rx) and phloem (Rp), V – vessel, X – xylem tissue Black -and- white arrows point to the boundary between the current year’s phloem and ... 0.64*† 23-06-2000 0.15† 17-06-1999 and 23-06-2000 0.019* 16-12-1999 0.011* Xylem fibre 19-06-2000 13 dates between 2-06-1999 and 4-08-1999, and between 24-04-2000 and 21-07-2000 7.12† Fusiform cambial...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:22

... each stand varied between 15 and 20 A random sample of 120 acorns was taken from each bulked seed lot and used for further analysis by electrophoresis Acorns were soaked in water for 24 h and germinated ... primary metabolism, and the remaining in secondary metabolism (respectively, groupsI and II) (Bergmann, 1991) Allelic frequencies were estimated within each population; observed and expected heterozygosities ... provided similar conclusions (Schnabel and Hamrick, 1990 for Q gambelii and Q macrocarpa; Lumaret and Michaud, 1991 for Q ilex) While life-history traits (gene flow and outcrossing) explain only part...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 19:21