reducing routing loops under link state routing in wireless mesh networks

... call the links in E physical links and the links in E logical links The logical link (n p , mq ) will exist in the final logical topology after spectrum allocation if and only if the pth interface ... different links carry different traffic loads In Figure 2(a), the number above each link indicates the expected load on the link For example, link (5, 6) has a load of 5U since it forwards flows originating ... the link- layer data rate that one spectrum block can deliver We use Inf (n, m) ⊂ E to denote the set of physical links that are in the interference range of link (n, m) Note link (u, v) ∈ Inf...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... contains the cost ASink = Nodes B, D, and J receive the message, calculate their respective link costs IL,B-Sink , IL,D-Sink , and IL,J-Sink , and then add their link costs to ASink to form CB-Sink ... continuous data dissemination in wireless sensor networks, ” in Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP ’04), Melbourne, ... with the cost, it stores the cost in its routing table Then it calculates the link cost IL,node-Sink , as described in (12) Thus, a node’s routing table contains cost C received from each of its...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... multi-interface wireless mesh networks Wireless Networks, 17:955–972, 2011 [LRG10] Jun Luo, Catherine Rosenberg, and Andr´e Girard Engineering wireless mesh networks: joint scheduling, routing, ... Yashar Ganjali and Abtin Keshavarzian Load balancing in ad hoc networks: Single-path routing vs multi-path routing In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2004 The 23th AnnualJoint Conference of the IEEE ... multipath routing protocols have been proposed aiming at increasing reliability, reducing latency, increasing throughput or reducing overhead Section will give a literature review on these multipath routing...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2015, 22:29

... Obtaining the optimal sharing efficiecy on gateways 3.2 Sharing Efficiency of Gateways Two gateways interfere with each other if they are within the distance of Int Dhops Int D is defined as Interfering ... assumed in the following of this paper that downlink traffic is dominant in the WMN Therefore, most of W1 and W2 will be assigned to downlink communications and throughput is decided by downlink throughput, ... backbone grid are shown in Figure 4(a) When Int D = 2, the corresponding table of nonoverlapping interfering groups is illustrated in Figure 4(b) and listed in Table In the second step, each...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 18:20

... backhaul link cliques Kcfl(l) All maximal cliques among the links in Lcfl(l) LB The set of the backhaul links Lcfl(l) The set of links that are conflict with link l lij The access link between ... backhaul links N0 The receiver noise in dBm Pl(d) The path loss in dB for path length d PRx The received power in dBm PTx The transmitting power in dBm path(i) The set of links on the routing path ... participate in mesh forming, WMNs can be broadly classified into two types [1]: infrastructure mesh and hybrid mesh Infrastructure mesh is the most common form of WMNs Like the STAs in the infrastructure...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 08:12

... main factor In [18], the authors estimate the link quality using Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) in the uplink and downlink in the context of IEEE 802.11h wireless networks As mentioned ... wired links, wireless links are not reliable Bit error rate (BER) in wireless networks are much higher than that in wired networks Packet error rate (PER) is another metric to indicate link quality ... with the nodes in the network automatically establishing mesh connectivity There are mainly two types of nodes in mesh networks: mesh routers and mesh clients Mesh routers with routing functionality...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2015, 17:06

... divided into path protection and link protection In the former, a working path and a link- disjoint protection path are pre-computed for each connection In the later, each link of the working path ... Survivable Routing in WDM Networks The failure in optical communication networks such as accidental fiber link disruption or switching device disorder will affect a huge amount of bandwidth in transmission, ... Networks under Wavelength Continuity Constraint, IEEE Globecom (2004) 2019 [5] P.H Ho, State- of-the-Art Progress in Developing Survivable Routing Schemes in Mesh WDM Networks, IEEE Communications...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 13:20

... forwarding approach in which topology-based routing scheme is used for forwarding packets over stable links, and position-based routing is used for forwarding packets over unstable links A link is considered ... highly variable links in short-range networks To determine the stability of a link, we propose a link stability logic which is based on the relative mobility of the vehicles forming the link and the ... forwarding packets In HMTR, topology-based routing is used for forwarding packets over more stable links available in long-range networks, and position-based routing scheme is used for forwarding...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... each routing Figure shows the TDP function of hops In this figure, the TDP of Shortest path routing using omni-direction antennas increases rapidly, while the TDP of MinDP routing algorithm increases ... directional beam pointing at the receiver by concentrating its transmit power into that direction By pointing the main lobe at the receiver, a directional antenna can get more antenna gain in the direction ... larger than The average TDP of Shortest path routing is 0.953 and the average TDP of MinDP routing algorithm is 0.244 Hence, the MinDP routing algorithm using directional antennas can reduce the total...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

... Routing Metrics in WMNs Most of the routing protocols use “hop count” as the routing metric The minimum hopcount routing is not suitable for wireless networks because of dynamic wireless link ... The work in [4, 13] proposes new routing metrics considering the link quality dynamics MiRii proposed in [5] further considers the intra-/interflow interferences in multi-interface routing path ... on Wireless Communications and Networking [5] T.-C Tsai and T.-F Liu, “Multi-interface routing with intra/inter-flow interference (MiRii) considerations in wireless mesh networks, ” in Proceedings...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... 0.3 This example indicates that reliabilities of links are important in determining the path reliability To avoid the significant drop caused by a single link, a constraint in link quality is used ... Networked Sensors in Sydney, May 30-31, 2005 [65] 29 3.1 Link Quality Measurement 3.1 30 Link Quality Measurement To avoid links with bad quality being included in the routing paths, authors in [72] proposed ... existing routing protocols Since some of the routing protocols which are designed for general multi-hop wireless networks are also useful for wireless sensor networks, we also include them in the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:06

... the witness to remove the link making it asymmetric It will be problematic as most of the existing routing algorithm assume symmetric links • Crossing links: Crossing links occur due to either ... algorithm for routing Complete planar-based void-handling techniques include Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) [12], by-pass routing in Priority-based Stateless Geo -Routing (PSGR) [6] ... not always remove cross-links When a probe traverses a link in both directions (highlighted in Figure 2.3), it means that the link is a critical link i.e removing such a link would partition the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 15:38

... topologies used for sensor networks include star, mesh, star -mesh etc [2] In Wireless sensor networks there are two kinds of wireless nodes; sensor and base station nodes The main function of the base ... "Cryptography and Security in Wireless Sensor Networks, " FRONTS 2nd Winterschool Braunschweig, Germany, 2009 [26] Chris Karlof David Wagner In Secure Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: Attacks and ... after receiving his B.Sc degree in electrical engineering; he worked as a broadcasting engineer for two years and is currently attempting to pursue his educational knowledge by undertaking a Ph.D...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... PROBLEM IN WSN In the preceding discussions, we introduced the notion of event-to-sink reliability in WSN and pointed out the inapplicability of existing transport solutions Before proceeding to ... such that the event-to-sink reliability is always maintained However, the network is farther from the optimal operating in state Therefore, we operating point than in state need to take a more ... conver1 in state gence for 5) (Optimal Operating Region): In this state, the network is operating within tolerance of the optimal point, where the required reliability is attained with minimum...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 00:20

... multipleaccess fading channels in wireless sensor networks optimal and suboptimal estimators Xin Wang∗1 and Chenyang Yang1 School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ... communication SNR levels It is interesting to see that using more training symbols does not improve the performance of the MLE as expected, because inserting training symbols will reduce the energy ... sensors can transmit training symbols to facilitate channel estimation The training symbols can be incorporated into the message function c(x) Then, the MLE with training symbols available is...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... multipleaccess fading channels in wireless sensor networks optimal and suboptimal estimators Xin Wang∗1 and Chenyang Yang1 School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ... communication SNR levels It is interesting to see that using more training symbols does not improve the performance of the MLE as expected, because inserting training symbols will reduce the energy ... sensors can transmit training symbols to facilitate channel estimation The training symbols can be incorporated into the message function c(x) Then, the MLE with training symbols available is...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... Nath, Robust statistical methods for securing wireless localization in sensor networks, in Proc International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN), California, 91–98 (April ... Washington, 1279–1284 (November 2007) 23 D Ma, MJ Er, B Wang, HB Lim, K-hop statistics in wireless sensor networks, in Proc International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information ... Universities” under grant No 2009JBM007 Author details School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, PR China 2TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... remaining of the paper Each sensor node i, including the base station, maintains the following variables (i) Fatheri : the father of the sensor in the final spanning tree The base station is the root ... join the tree In Figure 3(b), we only show the step during which neighbors of nodes S5 join the tree Finally, the complete tree is depicted in Figure 3(c) 3.3 Tree Maintenance and Rekeying Once the ... schemes in wireless sensor networks, ” Computer Communications, vol 30, no 11-12, pp 2314–2341, 2007 [4] R J Watro, D Kong, S.-F Cuti, C Gardiner, C Lynn, and P Kruus, “TinyPK: securing sensor networks...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... position estimation in wireless sensor networks, ” in Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN ’05), pp 324–331, April 2005 A Srinivasan, J Teitelbaum, ... statistical methods for securing wireless localization in sensor networks, ” in Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN ’05), pp 91–98, ... 2005 D Liu, P Ning, and W K Du, “Attack-resistant location estimation in sensor networks, ” in Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20