... addition, theimplementationof CFM plan creates the equality and solidarity in the communities Table 09 Impacts and changes due to application of CFM plan [5] Indicators Percentage of local people agreed ... forest lands and household allocated lands as presented in the Table Table 4: Number of seedlings produced annually in four target villages Villages Manglietia conifera Acacia hybrid Total Na Muc ... CFM plan at the village level, and (2) a CFM plan which describes and lists the activities that will be undertaken Both the regulations and plans are a result of separate village meetings and discussion...
... on the basis ofthe simple estimator ofthe mean of marginal posterior distributions (the raw average ofthe elements ofthe Gibbs chain) A more efficient estimator is based on the average of ... values, and a twofold reduction in the case ofthe variance components In the above example, the reduction ofthe Monte-Carlo variance using either the scalar or block sampling strategies was compared ... ofthe mean ofthe marginal posterior distributions ofthe first level ofthe fixed-effect factor, ofthe additive genetic value ofthe last individual and of both variance components The mean...
... orchard preparation, controlling of competitive species of ants, identification of weaver ant colonies, transplantation ofthe ants into cashew orchards, and management and maintenance ofthe weaver ... include the following aspects: the main cashew insect pests and their control, the main cashew diseases and their management, the natural enemies in cashew orchards, the use of weaver ants in cashew ... (0.8g)) We found that this bait was very attractive to these two species of ants Examination ofthe ant nests the next day showed that almost all the crematogaster ants were dead in their nests, including...
... knowledge of cashew insect pests and diseases and their natural enemies, and Weaver ant status and farmers’ opinion of them The results are summarised below A total of 212 cashew farmers were ... insect pests and three diseases as well as many important species of natural enemies such as parasitoids and beneficial fungi in cashew orchards These data clearly show that farmers lack extensive ... weaver ants as a major component, we designed particular questions about the presence or absence ofthe ants in their orchards and farmers’ opinion of them A total of 200 farmers answered these questions...
... of ants, identification of weaver ant colonies, transplantation ofthe ants into cashew orchards, and management and maintenance ofthe weaver ant colonies Under the supervision of Dr Peng, they ... early damaged parts on trees a For stem borers, scrape off all the damaged material on the tree trunk including larvae and pupae, and then use appropriate chemicals to paint on the affected parts ... in cashew orchards, (2) to make them aware ofthe existence and the role of natural enemies (especially weaver ants) on cashew trees, and (3) to provide them with information about the advantages...
... base, and each larva excavated a chamber in which the calcareous pupal cell was formed from the excretions ofthe larva Pupation took place late in the year The pupa is about 35 mm long, creamy-white, ... because of weaver ant boundary fights, the abundance of weaver ants was < 40% in the IPM plot, which was low The average damage level for each ofthe main pests was greater in the IPM plot than ... (the number of main branches with a weaver ant trail in a tree / the number ofthe main branches in the tree) x 100 Weaver ants on a tree were treated as “Abundant”, if > 50% ofthe main branches...
... methods and skills, and their understanding ofthe cashew IPM program A lot of farmers said that it was the best training they had received about cashews Although weaver ants are abundant, the farmers ... in their orchards • The majority of them are planning to use weaver ants in part of their orchards in this coming season to have a further test and to further familiarise themselves with the ant ... successfully passed their examinations Each of them was awarded a graduation certificate in the cashew IPM training Now, we have 112 TOT cashew IPM trainers, and they are distributed in ten cashew growing...
... The Black Death, though its name is gone, lingers in malignant typhus The great plague of Athens is the modern great plague of England, scarlet fever The dancing mania ofthe Middle Ages and the ... Holland was as 50 degrees of power, while that ofthe Frenchmen was 69, and ofthe Englishmen 71 The same order of facts are maintained in respect to the size of body The stalwart Englishman of ... surrounded with garden space, and add not only to the beauty but to the healthiness ofthe city The large houses ofthe wealthy are situated in a similar manner The streets ofthe city are paved throughout...
... purposes a perfectly adequate meaning representation That is, we view machine translation as an approximation to language understanding Here is another way to put it One measure of adequacy ofa language ... can turn the size ofthe task—constructing MT systems for all the world’s languages simultaneously—to one’s advantage, and thereby consume dramatically less data per language One ofthe greatest ... International Journal of American Linguistics, 21:121–137 Hamish Cunningham, Diana Maynard, Kalina Bontcheva, and Valentin Tablan 2002 GATE: an architecture for development of robust HLT applications...
... prevalence of an “always-acting” aesthetic results in the “always-aesthetic experience” of aeV This has happened at the same time as the use and meaning ofthe other words connecting with aesthetics ... has a long way to go In the Age of Enlightenment, then, we witness the renaissance ofthe word ‘aesthetics’ We find that there was a gradual change in the nobleman’s ways of looking at art and ... circle or, perhaps more appropriately, a spiral For at the beginning of this story we met the idea of experiences and actions of making-special of aeI that are a part of our “original” human psychogenesis,...
... and the standard implementations of it admit practical, exploitable vulnerabilities that routinely leak sensitive traffic and that allow an active attacker remarkable leverage At the root of many ... 20ms of audio, for a total 180ms of encoded audio in each LDU frame), plus additional metadata and a small amount of piggybacked low speed data Each LDU, including headers, metadata, voice subframes, ... same channel allocations as existing legacy narrowband analog FM two-way radios To facilitate a gradual transition to the system, P25-compliant radios must be capable of demodulating legacy analog...
... significant amounts of maize are cultivated (1) Coastal savannah zone As the name suggests, the coastal savannah zone includes a narrow belt of savannah that runs along the coast, widening toward the ... Salaga Damongo Walewale Guinea savannah Guinea savannah Guinea savannah Brong Ahafo Nkoranza Transition Ashanti Sekyere West Adansi East Amansie West Transition Forest Forest Western Dorma-Ahenkro ... and Nana Koranteng and Mark Mostovac of CIDA-Ghana Helpful comments were also contributed by Diana McLean of CIDA-Canada and S T wumasi-Afriyie of CIMMYT Adriana Rodríguez and David Hodson of...
... ofthe trees in the IPM plot, and the small black ant, Tapinoma melanocephalum that was abundant on the remaining trees ofthe plot The Crematogaster ants were nesting on cashew tree branches and ... many species of ants This bait was very attractive to these two species of ants Examination ofthe ant nests the next day showed that almost all the crematogaster ants were dead in their nests, ... completed, the two TOT ofthe 2nd year are currently running A total of 120 cashew IPM trainers will be available at the end oftheproject Organization of Farmer Field School (FFS) classes: After...
... to manage the main pest assemblage and the importance of keeping weaver ant populations high and stable • Part describes the basic bio-ecology of weaver ants and provides a series of practical ... the training methods, and about what they had learned and what they needed for the best management of their orchards He also answered a lot of questions raised by farmers At the end of each FFS ... extensively trained with the weaver ant technology Project Management Since the start of this project, theproject leaders and the principal researcher have managed theproject smoothly They have successfully...
... implementationofthe IPM program, for the part ofthe TOT training and for the field data analyses Dr Pham Van Bien and Mr La Pham Lan are in charge of Vietnamese personnel and expenses oftheproject ... (Helopeltis antonii), that caused the majority of damage on flushing shoots The most important natural enemies were weaver ants (Oecophylla smaragdina) and crametogaster ants (Crematogaster sp) The effect ... since theproject started Baseline data ofthe insect pest assemblage and their damage were obtained Regular monitoring and sampling of insect pests and their natural enemies in the demonstration...
... Iowa City, IA, USA 3Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA Page 10 of 11 Authors’ contributions SAP participated in the qualitative analysis and prepared the draft ofthe ... cover variation in patient activation strategies A semi-structured approach was chosen to minimize variation among interviewers and to facilitate a systematic means of gathering data and conducting ... simultaneously; detailed analysis ofthe thematic codes; and matrix analysis of codes The first stage was an iterative process with coding analysis and data collection occurring simultaneously and...
... qualitative analysis and reviewed a draft ofthe manuscript MVW and AJC contributed to the design ofthe study and reviewing and revising the manuscript PJK was the principal investigator ofthe parent ... number that I probably wasn’t aware of because maybe they were fine the day I saw them and it did change my plan, you know, after seeing that.’ The intervention changed the provider’s approach to ... asymptomatic disease They have a rash on their elbow and a little ringing in their ear and they’ll often consume time just unloading their frustrations If, on the other hand, there was an incentive...
... and a set of questions for diagnostic analysis and planning All ofthe separate components ofthe actual Guide are contained in additional files (see Additional Files 1, 2, and 4) The main narrative ... for clear conceptual and operational definitions, measurement approaches, and additional practical information about the realities of application • QUERI frames of reference and concepts affected ... other evaluative approaches to identify related barriers/facilitators during diagnostic analysis or to evaluate successful implementation • Limited evaluation or means for evaluation ofthe theory’s...
... article as: Davies et al.: A systematic review ofthe use of theory in the design of guideline dissemination and implementation strategies and interpretation ofthe results of rigorous evaluations ... mediating pathways and moderators has been advocated to advance ofthe science ofimplementation research [1] This study highlights the lack of use of theory until at least 1998 It is recommended that ... al: A randomized controlled trial of quality assurance in sixteen ambulatory care practices Medical Care 1985, 23:751-770 51 Putnam R, Curry L: Impact of patient care appraisal on physician behaviour...
... Iowa City, IA, USA 3Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA Page 10 of 11 Authors’ contributions SAP participated in the qualitative analysis and prepared the draft ofthe ... cover variation in patient activation strategies A semi-structured approach was chosen to minimize variation among interviewers and to facilitate a systematic means of gathering data and conducting ... simultaneously; detailed analysis ofthe thematic codes; and matrix analysis of codes The first stage was an iterative process with coding analysis and data collection occurring simultaneously and...