... the Interagency Working Group on Health Care Quality s activities in October 2011, available at: http://www.ahrq.gov/workingforquality/. 2 Interagency Working Group on Health Care Quality ... partners, including launching the Interagency Working Group for Healthcare Quality, as required by the Affordable Care Act. • A National Approach to Measuring Quality: The National Quality Strategy ... recommended quality measures and measures currently in use and tracked by HHS. This review has been accomplished, and the findings are now driving ongoing work in developing a unified approach to quality...
Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 15:20
... design THISIDYLLICPARTOFTHEWORLDHASMADEHIM COMMITTEDTOAN ARCHITECTURE THATDOESITSBESTTO PROTECTBOTHTHELOCALANDTHEGLOBALLANDSCAPE !NDBYHISOWNADMISSIONHEISAZEALOTWHENIT COMESTO½NDINGANDTESTINGTHELATESTSUSTAINABLE BUILDINGMATERIALS )TWASONTHATAFTERNOON°PROBABLYATTHE MOMENT3CHWARZLAUNCHEDINTOANENERGETIC DESCRIPTIONOF0OWER'LASSATYPEOFSUPER EF½CIENTSOLARPANELINGFORWHICHHEHASRECEIVED APATENT°THATWEREALIZEDJUSTHOWQUICKLYTHE WALLSBETWEENGREEN ARCHITECTURE ANDHIGHDESIGN WERECRUMBLINGOPENINGUPNEWOPPORTUNITIESFOR CROSSOVERBETWEENTHETWOREALMS4HATNEWTRAF½C ISPARTICULARLYNOTABLEAMONGRESIDENTIALARCHITECTS 7HILEGREENDESIGNISALSOGROWINGQUICKLY IN THE PUBLICANDCOMMERCIALSPHERESHOUSESOFFERAN IDEALTESTINGGROUNDFORTHELATEST IN SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE 2ELATIVELYSMALLANDSELFCONTAINED ANDOFTENFUNDEDBYPROGRESSIVEPRIVATECLIENTS ASOPPOSEDTOBOTTOMLINE¯ORIENTEDCOMMERCIAL ONESTHEYALLOWFORAUNIQUEKINDOFARCHITECTURAL EXPERIMENTATION)NDEEDMANYARCHITECTURAL MOVEMENTSANDBREAKTHROUGHSHAVEFOUNDTHEIR EARLIESTEXPRESSION IN RESIDENTIALWORKGREEN ARCHITECTURE ISONLYTHELATEST 7HATWESOONDISCOVEREDISTHATALLOVERTHE WORLD°BUTPARTICULARLY IN NORTHERN%UROPE 10 Introduction 4 9 !NEXCEPTIONTOTHATRULEIS"ATTERY0ARK#ITY O NEOF.EW9ORK´SMOSTPRO G RESSIVEURBANPLANNIN G VENTURES IN T H EPASTT H REE D ECA D ES"UI L TONACRES OF LAND ½ LLCREATEDBYEXCAVATINGTHE7ORLD4RADE # ENTERSITE IN THESTHEMIXEDUSEDEVELO P MENT H U GG IN G THESOUTHWESTERNED G EOF-ANHATTAN H ASFUNCTIONEDASALABORATOR Y FORANEWAPPROACH T OUR B AN L IVINGONET H ATCOM B INESPROXIMITYTO C UL T U REAN D COMMERCEWIT H AMENITIESAVAI L A BL E T O F EW.EW9ORKER S ° HARBORVIEWSAMARINAAND ½ NEL Y LANDSCAPEDPARKSEMBELLISHEDWITHPUBLIC A RT/NEOFITSBOLDESTEXPERIMENTSWASESTABLISHING IN ASETO F ENVIRONMENTALGUIDELINESREQUIRING A LLNEWHOUSIN G TOBE±APPRECIABLYAHEADO F CURRENTSTANDARDSAND P RACTICESFORDEVELO P MENT² 4HE3OLAIREASTORYAPARTMENTBUILDIN G AT T HESOUTHERNTIPO F THEDEVELOPMENTISTHE ½ RST RESI D ENTIA L TOWER IN .EW9OR K TOSYSTEMATICA LL Y EMBRACESUSTAINABLEDESI G NANDTHE ½ RSTTO COMPREHENSIVELYSATISFY"ATTERY0ARK#ITY´S G REEN GUI D E L INES ± )THINKOFTHE3OLAIREASAGREATBIGGUINEAPIG² ENTHUSESPROJECTARCHITECT2A F AEL0ELLIAPRINCIPALAT # ESAR0ELLI!SSOCIATES±)TWILLEDUCATEANINDUSTRY A CROSSABI G SECTORANDEDUCATIONISAHU G EPART OF BRINGINGSUSTAINABLEBUILDINGPRACTICESINTOTHE MAINSTREAM ² 0 ELLIWHO G REWUPWATCHIN G HISFATHERARCHITECT # ESAR0ELLIDESI G NTHEMASTERPLANANDSEVERAL BUILDINGSFOR"ATTERY0ARK#ITYANDHISMOTHER L AN D SCAPEARC H ITECT$IANA"A L MORICREATEPAR K S ANDURBAN G ARDENSDEVELOPEDANEARLYINTEREST IN S USTAINABLEDESI G N!FTERJOININ G HISFATHER´S.EW (AVEN#ONNECTICUT¯BASED P RACTICE IN HE OPENEDTHE½RM ´ S.EW9ORK#IT Y OF½CE IN 4HE 3OLAIRECOMMISSIONALSOCAME IN F OLLOWINGTHE ANNOUNCEMENTOFTHENEW G UIDELINES &ROMTHESTARTONEOFTHEBI GG ESTCHALLEN G ES FOR0ELLIANDHISTEAMWASTRANSLATINGWHATTHEY KNEWASGENERALPRINCIPLESO F SUSTAINABLEBUILDING M ETHODSINTOSPECI½CDESI G NDECISIONS±4HEREISA HU G E G APBETWEENTHETECHNOLO G YTHATEXISTSAND W HATISACTUALL Y AVAILABLEFROMMANUFACTURERS ² S A Y S0E LL I&OREXAMP L ET H EP H OTOVO L TAICCE LL ST H AT ½ TTHEBUDGETCAMEONLY IN BLUENOTTHEORIGINALLY S PECI ½ EDCHARCOALCOLOR5LTIMATELY0ELLIEMBRACED THEBLUETILESTHEIRLIVELYLI G HTRE¾ECTIN G SURFACES C REATEASTIPP L E D QUA L IT Y T H ATWOR K SWE LL WIT H T H E BUILDING ´ STAUTSKINFACADE/THERDECISIONSWERE D ICTATEDBYTHETEAM´SSELFIMPOSEDCOMMITMENT TOWORKIN G WITHLOCALMANUFACTURERS ° HALFOFALL M ATERIALSUSED IN THECONSTRUCTIONWERE P ROCURED LOCALL Y ANDANOTHER ½F THHADTOBEMANU F ACTURED W IT H IN MI L ES 0ELLI´STEAMWENTTO G REATLEN G THSTOMAKE THERI G HTENVIRONMENTALCHOICESATEVERYSTA G E -ATERIA L SAN D SYSTEMSWERETESTE D AN D D ESIGNS R EVISEDACCORDINGLY!PLAN F ORBAMBOO ¾ OORING W ASSCRAPPEDWHENTHEADHESIVEBACKIN G WAS D ETERMINEDTOBETOXIC.EWINSULATIONWASADDED A FT E R A N E L A B O R A T E W A LLM ODEL ° BUILTFULLSCALE ANDTESTED IN AWINDTUNNELATTHEDEVELOPER ´ S E XPE N S E ° INDICATEDTHATONEEXTRALAYERO F SEALANT C OULDMAKEAHU G EDI FF ERENCE IN TERMSO F LIMITIN G AIR IN LTRATION ± )TTURNEDOUTTOBEASIM P LE S O LU TIO N ° ONEGUYWIT H AGOOPGUNGOES IN AN D THEWHOLETHINGISTAKENCAREOF²0ELLISAYS±"UT W ITHOUTTHOSESTUDIESWEWOULDNEVERHAVEKNOWN I TWASNECESSARY² )NCORPORATIN G ALON G LISTOFSUSTAINABLE TEC H NO L OGIEST H E3O L AIRESURPASSESA LL CURRENT E NVIRONMENTALGUIDELINES IN E FF ECT IN .EW9ORK)T I SPERCENTMOREEF½CIENTTHANTHE3TATE%NER G Y #ODEREQUIRES4HETOWER G ENERATESPERCENTO F I TSENERGYWITHTHEHELPOFSQUAREFEETO F 7HILETHE-ANHATTANSKYLINEIS F ULLO F INSTANTLYRECO G NIZABLE ICONSTHEDAYSWHENTHE"I G !PPLESTOODATTHE F ORWARDED G E O F ARCHITECTURE ARELAR G ELY IN THEPAST4HETALLESTSKYSCRAPERS ARENOWRISIN G IN !SIAANDTHELATESTTECHNICALEN G INEERIN G INNOVATIONSAREMORELIKEL Y TOBEREALIZED IN %UROPE5NTIL THEREDEVELOPMENTAT'ROUND:EROPROMPTEDARECENTSUR G E O F PUBLICINTEREST IN ARCHITECTURE ANDURBANDESI G NBOTTOM LINEPRESSURESANDPRESERVATIONSTRU GG LESTENDEDTODOMINATE DISCUSSIONSABOUT ARCHITECTURE IN .EW9ORK#IT Y :< & ACIN G WESTACROSST H E ( U D SON2IVERATT H ESOUT H ERNTI P OF -ANHATTAN THE3OLAIREHAS EM B E DD E D PH OTOVO L TAIC P ANE L S TH ATCAPTURESUN L IG H TT H ROUG H OUT T HEDAYANDEVENATDUSKABOVE A SITBOUNCESOFFTHEWATER LO CATI O N N ew ... design THISIDYLLICPARTOFTHEWORLDHASMADEHIM COMMITTEDTOAN ARCHITECTURE THATDOESITSBESTTO PROTECTBOTHTHELOCALANDTHEGLOBALLANDSCAPE !NDBYHISOWNADMISSIONHEISAZEALOTWHENIT COMESTO½NDINGANDTESTINGTHELATESTSUSTAINABLE BUILDINGMATERIALS )TWASONTHATAFTERNOON°PROBABLYATTHE MOMENT3CHWARZLAUNCHEDINTOANENERGETIC DESCRIPTIONOF0OWER'LASSATYPEOFSUPER EF½CIENTSOLARPANELINGFORWHICHHEHASRECEIVED APATENT°THATWEREALIZEDJUSTHOWQUICKLYTHE WALLSBETWEENGREEN ARCHITECTURE ANDHIGHDESIGN WERECRUMBLINGOPENINGUPNEWOPPORTUNITIESFOR CROSSOVERBETWEENTHETWOREALMS4HATNEWTRAF½C ISPARTICULARLYNOTABLEAMONGRESIDENTIALARCHITECTS 7HILEGREENDESIGNISALSOGROWINGQUICKLY IN THE PUBLICANDCOMMERCIALSPHERESHOUSESOFFERAN IDEALTESTINGGROUNDFORTHELATEST IN SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE 2ELATIVELYSMALLANDSELFCONTAINED ANDOFTENFUNDEDBYPROGRESSIVEPRIVATECLIENTS ASOPPOSEDTOBOTTOMLINE¯ORIENTEDCOMMERCIAL ONESTHEYALLOWFORAUNIQUEKINDOFARCHITECTURAL EXPERIMENTATION)NDEEDMANYARCHITECTURAL MOVEMENTSANDBREAKTHROUGHSHAVEFOUNDTHEIR EARLIESTEXPRESSION IN RESIDENTIALWORKGREEN ARCHITECTURE ISONLYTHELATEST 7HATWESOONDISCOVEREDISTHATALLOVERTHE WORLD°BUTPARTICULARLY IN NORTHERN%UROPE 10 Introduction 4 9 !NEXCEPTIONTOTHATRULEIS"ATTERY0ARK#ITY O NEOF.EW9ORK´SMOSTPRO G RESSIVEURBANPLANNIN G VENTURES IN T H EPASTT H REE D ECA D ES"UI L TONACRES OF LAND ½ LLCREATEDBYEXCAVATINGTHE7ORLD4RADE # ENTERSITE IN THESTHEMIXEDUSEDEVELO P MENT H U GG IN G THESOUTHWESTERNED G EOF-ANHATTAN H ASFUNCTIONEDASALABORATOR Y FORANEWAPPROACH T OUR B AN L IVINGONET H ATCOM B INESPROXIMITYTO C UL T U REAN D COMMERCEWIT H AMENITIESAVAI L A BL E T O F EW.EW9ORKER S ° HARBORVIEWSAMARINAAND ½ NEL Y LANDSCAPEDPARKSEMBELLISHEDWITHPUBLIC A RT/NEOFITSBOLDESTEXPERIMENTSWASESTABLISHING IN ASETO F ENVIRONMENTALGUIDELINESREQUIRING A LLNEWHOUSIN G TOBE±APPRECIABLYAHEADO F CURRENTSTANDARDSAND P RACTICESFORDEVELO P MENT² 4HE3OLAIREASTORYAPARTMENTBUILDIN G AT T HESOUTHERNTIPO F THEDEVELOPMENTISTHE ½ RST RESI D ENTIA L TOWER IN .EW9OR K TOSYSTEMATICA LL Y EMBRACESUSTAINABLEDESI G NANDTHE ½ RSTTO COMPREHENSIVELYSATISFY"ATTERY0ARK#ITY´S G REEN GUI D E L INES ± )THINKOFTHE3OLAIREASAGREATBIGGUINEAPIG² ENTHUSESPROJECTARCHITECT2A F AEL0ELLIAPRINCIPALAT # ESAR0ELLI!SSOCIATES±)TWILLEDUCATEANINDUSTRY A CROSSABI G SECTORANDEDUCATIONISAHU G EPART OF BRINGINGSUSTAINABLEBUILDINGPRACTICESINTOTHE MAINSTREAM ² 0 ELLIWHO G REWUPWATCHIN G HISFATHERARCHITECT # ESAR0ELLIDESI G NTHEMASTERPLANANDSEVERAL BUILDINGSFOR"ATTERY0ARK#ITYANDHISMOTHER L AN D SCAPEARC H ITECT$IANA"A L MORICREATEPAR K S ANDURBAN G ARDENSDEVELOPEDANEARLYINTEREST IN S USTAINABLEDESI G N!FTERJOININ G HISFATHER´S.EW (AVEN#ONNECTICUT¯BASED P RACTICE IN HE OPENEDTHE½RM ´ S.EW9ORK#IT Y OF½CE IN 4HE 3OLAIRECOMMISSIONALSOCAME IN F OLLOWINGTHE ANNOUNCEMENTOFTHENEW G UIDELINES &ROMTHESTARTONEOFTHEBI GG ESTCHALLEN G ES FOR0ELLIANDHISTEAMWASTRANSLATINGWHATTHEY KNEWASGENERALPRINCIPLESO F SUSTAINABLEBUILDING M ETHODSINTOSPECI½CDESI G NDECISIONS±4HEREISA HU G E G APBETWEENTHETECHNOLO G YTHATEXISTSAND W HATISACTUALL Y AVAILABLEFROMMANUFACTURERS ² S A Y S0E LL I&OREXAMP L ET H EP H OTOVO L TAICCE LL ST H AT ½ TTHEBUDGETCAMEONLY IN BLUENOTTHEORIGINALLY S PECI ½ EDCHARCOALCOLOR5LTIMATELY0ELLIEMBRACED THEBLUETILESTHEIRLIVELYLI G HTRE¾ECTIN G SURFACES C REATEASTIPP L E D QUA L IT Y T H ATWOR K SWE LL WIT H T H E BUILDING ´ STAUTSKINFACADE/THERDECISIONSWERE D ICTATEDBYTHETEAM´SSELFIMPOSEDCOMMITMENT TOWORKIN G WITHLOCALMANUFACTURERS ° HALFOFALL M ATERIALSUSED IN THECONSTRUCTIONWERE P ROCURED LOCALL Y ANDANOTHER ½F THHADTOBEMANU F ACTURED W IT H IN MI L ES 0ELLI´STEAMWENTTO G REATLEN G THSTOMAKE THERI G HTENVIRONMENTALCHOICESATEVERYSTA G E -ATERIA L SAN D SYSTEMSWERETESTE D AN D D ESIGNS R EVISEDACCORDINGLY!PLAN F ORBAMBOO ¾ OORING W ASSCRAPPEDWHENTHEADHESIVEBACKIN G WAS D ETERMINEDTOBETOXIC.EWINSULATIONWASADDED A FT E R A N E L A B O R A T E W A LLM ODEL ° BUILTFULLSCALE ANDTESTED IN AWINDTUNNELATTHEDEVELOPER ´ S E XPE N S E ° INDICATEDTHATONEEXTRALAYERO F SEALANT C OULDMAKEAHU G EDI FF ERENCE IN TERMSO F LIMITIN G AIR IN LTRATION ± )TTURNEDOUTTOBEASIM P LE S O LU TIO N ° ONEGUYWIT H AGOOPGUNGOES IN AN D THEWHOLETHINGISTAKENCAREOF²0ELLISAYS±"UT W ITHOUTTHOSESTUDIESWEWOULDNEVERHAVEKNOWN I TWASNECESSARY² )NCORPORATIN G ALON G LISTOFSUSTAINABLE TEC H NO L OGIEST H E3O L AIRESURPASSESA LL CURRENT E NVIRONMENTALGUIDELINES IN E FF ECT IN .EW9ORK)T I SPERCENTMOREEF½CIENTTHANTHE3TATE%NER G Y #ODEREQUIRES4HETOWER G ENERATESPERCENTO F I TSENERGYWITHTHEHELPOFSQUAREFEETO F 7HILETHE-ANHATTANSKYLINEIS F ULLO F INSTANTLYRECO G NIZABLE ICONSTHEDAYSWHENTHE"I G !PPLESTOODATTHE F ORWARDED G E O F ARCHITECTURE ARELAR G ELY IN THEPAST4HETALLESTSKYSCRAPERS ARENOWRISIN G IN !SIAANDTHELATESTTECHNICALEN G INEERIN G INNOVATIONSAREMORELIKEL Y TOBEREALIZED IN %UROPE5NTIL THEREDEVELOPMENTAT'ROUND:EROPROMPTEDARECENTSUR G E O F PUBLICINTEREST IN ARCHITECTURE ANDURBANDESI G NBOTTOM LINEPRESSURESANDPRESERVATIONSTRU GG LESTENDEDTODOMINATE DISCUSSIONSABOUT ARCHITECTURE IN .EW9ORK#IT Y :< & ACIN G WESTACROSST H E ( U D SON2IVERATT H ESOUT H ERNTI P OF -ANHATTAN THE3OLAIREHAS EM B E DD E D PH OTOVO L TAIC P ANE L S TH ATCAPTURESUN L IG H TT H ROUG H OUT T HEDAYANDEVENATDUSKABOVE A SITBOUNCESOFFTHEWATER LO CATI O N N ew ... S olair e 36 City : 4HE6IIKKIDEVELOPMENT ISONEOFTHEMOSTAMBITIOUS EXPERIMENTS IN SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE ANDURBANPLANNING IN THEWORLDWITHBUILDINGS DESIGNEDTOGENERATESOLARAND WINDPOWERDIRECTRAINWATER TOCOMMUNALGARDENSAND PRESERVEMARSHLAND°ALL IN THE GEOGRAPHICALCENTEROF&INLAND´S BIGGESTCITY ; !MONGTHEMOSTIMPRESSIVE PIECESOF ARCHITECTURE ISTHIS DESIGNBY-IKKO"ONSDORFF 40 City 35 4HEPROJECTISESSENTIALLYAPROVINGGROUND F OR A NYNUMBERO F G REENBUILDIN G STRATE G IES F ROM MIXEDUSEDEVELOPMENTTOINNOVATIVEENER G Y GENERATION4 H EI D EAISTOPUTSUSTAINA B I L ITYTOT H E T ESTO F ACTUALCONSTRUCTIONANDOCCUPATIONANDSEE WHATWORKSANDWHATDOESN´TANDTHENAPPLYTHOSE L ESSONSTOBUILDIN G CODESTOCONTROLRESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTTHROU G HOUTTHECOUNTRYPARTICULARLY IN PUBLICL Y F UNDEDPROJECTS4HEREAREAVARIET Y O F A PPROAC H ESTORENEWA BL EENERGYONVIEW IN 6II KK I F ROMWINDTURBINESTOSEVERALKINDSO F ACTIVESOLAR COLLECTION2AINWATERISCOLLECTEDTHROU G HOUTAND U SEDFORGARDENINGWHILEGRAYWATERSYSTEMSRECYCLE WATER F ROMSINKSANDBATHT U BS F OR U SEELSEWHERE IN THEDEVELO P MENT 4HEMASTERPLANFOR6IIKKIANDITSEARLYHOUSIN G BLOCKSWERESELECTEDVIACOMPETITIONBE G INNIN G IN %NTRIESWEREJUDGEDONATHIRTY F OURPOINT S CALE IN THE F OLLOWING ½ VECATEGORIESHOWWELL T HEYLIMITEDPOLLUTIONANDTHEUSEOFNATURAL R ESOURCESHOWMUCHTHE Y PROMOTED HEALTHINESS AND BIODIVERSITYAND THEEXTENTTOWHICHTHEY PROVIDEDOPPORTUNITIESFORRESIDENTSTO G ROWTHEIR OWNFOOD4HE G ENERAL G UIDELINESWERESLI G HTLYLESS S TRICT B UTWERESTI LL GOVERNE D B YSUSTAINA B I L ITYAT E VERYTURNT H EYREQUIRE D APERCENTRE D UCTION IN C ARBONDIOXIDEEMISSIONSFROMBUILDIN G MATERIALS AND P UREWATERCONSUM P TION P ERCENTLESSWASTE ON B UI LD INGSITES D URINGCONSTRUCTIONAN D A PERCENTCUT IN THEAVERAGEMIXEDRE F USEPRODUCED BYEACHRESIDENTANNUALLY4HEBI GG ESTSAVIN G SARE I NTHEAREAOFHEATIN G ENER G YWHERESOLARPOWER PRIMARILYISHELPIN G REDUCECONSUMPTIONBY PERCENTPER Y EAR)NA DD ITION6II KK IISC L OSE LY TIE D TOPU BL ICTRANSPORTATIONREAC H A BL E B YSEVERA L B US LINESANDBY(ELSINKI´SSUBWAY 7ALKIN G AROUND6IIKKIIT´SEASYTO G ETASENSE OFTHOSEPRIORITIES IN ACTION)T ´ SNOT J USTTHESOLAR PANELSSHIMMERINGONTHE F ACADEO F ARCHITECT2EIJO * ALLINOJA´SEI G HTSTORYAPARTMENTBLOCKNEARTHE M AINENTRANCEBUTALSOTHE G ARDENSFULLOFFRUITS ANDVE G ETABLESTHATSTRETCHBETWEENBUILDIN G STHE S OUNDSO F CHILDRENPLAYINGONSCHOOLYARDSECHOING THROUGHOUTANDTHE F ACTTHATMARSHLANDANDEVEN G RAZIN G AREAS F ORLIVESTOCKHAVEBEENPRESERVED I NTHEMIDSTOFBRANDNEW ARCHITECTURE ALLOWIN G FORREMARKABL Y WIDEOPENVIEWS ° GIVEN6IIKKI ´ S U R B AN L OCATIO N ° F ROMSOMEO F THEAPARTMENTS ! SWITHANYPROJECTO F THISSIZETHE ARCHITECTURE I N6IIKKIISAMIXEDBA G "UTATLEASTAHALFDOZEN OFTHEDEVELO P MENT ´ SA P ARTMENTBLOCKSSTAND O U TASMODELSO F AESTHETICASWELLASS U STAINABLE E XCELLENCE4HESEINCL U DE+IRSTI3IVEN ´ SDETACHED TOWNHOUSESCOM P LETED IN ANDAWOOD AND G LASSMIXEDUSEBUILDIN G BY-IKKO"ONSDORFF THATWOULDN ´ TLOOKOUTOFPLACE IN 0ORTLANDOR 3EATT L E4 H OUG H 6II K IIREMAINS L ITT L E K NOWN AMON G ARCHITECTSANDPLANNERSOUTSIDEO F &INLANDITDESERVESTOBEANOBJECTOFENVYFOR THECOMPREHENSIVEFORWARDLOOKIN G WAYITTREATS UR B ANGROWT H )TAIMSTO B ENOT H ING L ESST H ANA F ULLYSEL F CONTAINEDSUSTAINABLECOMMUNITYAND I SNOTFARFROMREACHIN G THATAMBITIOUS G OAL : 6 IIKKI ´ SRESI D ENTIALAREAS INC L U D ETOWN H OUSES BY &INNIS H A RC H ITECT+IRSTI3IVENT H ATO P EN O NTOPRIVATEGARDENSANDGRAVEL WALKIN G PATHS LO CATI O N H els i nk i, ...
Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 17:20
Báo cáo khoa học nông nghiệp " Cocoa Fermentation and Drying and Quality Assessment in Vietnam " MS3 pdf
Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20
Collaboration for Agriculture & Rural Development: Cocoa Fermentation and Drying and Quality Assessment in Vietnam "MS8 pdf
Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20
Software architecture design pattern in java (giaotrinhchinh)
Ngày tải lên: 07/12/2013, 11:57
Tài liệu Software quality attributes and trade-offs ppt
... discussed in this section since the user only experiences these kinds of qualities indirectly. Quality in use is the combined effect of the quality attributes contained in all the selected quality ... on influences process quality effect of software product software product context of use depends on depends on influences influences quality in use external quality internal quality ... the quality in use. External quality is implied by internal quality and internal quality in turn is implied among other things by process quality. Therefore process and internal quality will...
Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2013, 19:15
Tài liệu Improving Campus Quality of Life with In-Building Wireless pdf
... on having a “small school” environment with the intellectual resources of a major university, and on maintaining a high quality of life on campus. The university is continually expanding its ... some serious complaints from students about unevenness in the quality of life.” Other future plans include the integration of 800 MHz public safety and paging traffic into the same Unison ... on cellular phones, and Duke’s IT department had begun fielding increasing complaints about inconsistent cellular coverage in certain campus areas. ...
Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2013, 07:17
Tài liệu Identifying and Analyzing Knowledge Management Aspects of Practices in Open Source Software Development pdf
... knowledge management initiatives in software engineering. 4.1 Needs in software engineering The field of software engineering have some interesting knowledge related characteristics; software development ... when determining the success in this way of thinking. Thomas Davenport, who is one of the most in uential authors in the domain, suggests to approach knowledge as an element in a value chain, that ... business needs like decreasing development time, increasing quality and sup- port for making decisions, Rus et al. recognized a number of needs that exist in software projects and software engineering...
Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 00:20
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "The Software Architecture for the First Challenge on Generating Instructions in Virtual Environments" docx
... a used online during EACL at www.give-challenge.org. In Section 2, we give an introduction to the GIVE evaluation methodology by describing the experi- ence of a user participating in the evaluation, ... scientific goals. Then we explain the software architecture behind the scenes and sketch the API that concrete NLG systems must implement in Section 3. In Section 4, we present some preliminary evaluation results, ... pro- gramming time on the 3D graphics (based on the free jMonkeyEngine library) and the networking code. We could have reduced the effort required for these programming tasks by building upon an existing...
Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20
The Role of Education Quality in Economic Growth* pdf
... as finding that school quality differences do not exist. Second, the findings do not say that spending and resources never matter. Indeed, there is some indication, particularly in developing ... variations in individual performance levels. As shown in Table A4.1, there are data from international student achievement tests on twelve international testing occasions. Containing separate tests in ... Attainment on Individual Incomes Most attention to the value of schooling focuses on the economic returns to differing levels of school attainment for individuals. This work, following the innovative...
Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20
The Effect of Driving Restrictions on Air Quality in Mexico City pdf
... central r ole in determining air quality in Mexico City. It is unlikely that the lack of evidence of an improvement in air quality can be explained by an offsetting increase in industrial activity. ... in gasoline sales or an increase in public transportation use. Instead, the evidence indicates that HNC led to an increase in the total number of vehicles in circulation as well as a change in ... Households in the 2005 Mexican National Household Survey of Income and Expenditure report spending $1,053 in vehicle expenditures annually per vehicle including $625 in vehicle purchases, $288 in maintenance,...
Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 14:20
Light in Engineering, Architecture and the Environment pdf
... [10] Ayvazian, S., Light in traditional and Islamic architecture of Iran, Architecture and urban planning, 8(2), pp12-38, 2004. also available Lighting in Engineering, Architecture and the Environment ... to sustainable building in two significant ways. First, as an important subsystem Lighting in Engineering, Architecture and the Environment 61 www witpress com, ISSN 1743-3509 (on-line) WIT ... horizontal louvers, and is far more interesting and aesthetically intriguing than conventional louver types (see Figures 8 and 9). 66 Lighting in Engineering, Architecture and the Environment ...
Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:21
báo cáo hóa học: "Measuring patient''''s expectation and the perception of quality in LASIK services" pdf
... purposes) Health and Quality of Life Outcomes Open Access Research Measuring patient's expectation and the perception of quality in LASIK services Deng-Juin Lin 1 , Ing-Cheau Sheu 2 , Jar-Yuan ... University of Economics and Business,Taiwan and 8 StatSoft Holdings, Inc., Taiwan Branch Email: Deng-Juin Lin - tccldj@tcmail.doh.gov.tw; Ing-CheauSheu-iris.s88@msa.hinet.net; Jar-Yuan Pai* - jpai00@gmail.com; ... assessing and monitoring service quality in LASIK serv- ice, and enabling staff to identify where improvements are needed from the patient's perspective. There were service quality gaps in...
Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20
báo cáo hóa học:" Response shift masks the treatment impact on patient reported outcomes (PROs): the example of individual quality of life in edentulous patients" pdf
... and in response to changing circumstances [4]. Individualised measures of QoL (IQoL) increase respondents' discretion in selecting the domains most important to their QoL and, in determining ... assessments using the then-test were significantly lower that the Index scores generated using the original baseline data (original baseline: 75.0; then-test baseline: 69.2, p < .001). When Index ... should be using the same internal criteria for rating T 1 as they are now using for rating T 2 . Differences between the original T 1 rating and the retrospective T 1 rat- ing indicate response...
Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20
báo cáo hóa học:" Psychological approach to successful ageing predicts future quality of life in older adults" pdf
... suc- cessful ageing into a single linear multiple regression analysis, due to overlap between their items, compro- mising their independence. First, in order to examine their contribution to explained variation ... on general well-being, dating back to the 1950s [1]. The current, international policy focus on promotion of well-being has stimulated interest in quality of life (QoL) as an outcome indicator. QoL ... was tested. There are inconsistent associations in the literature between socio-demographic variables and indicators of well-being, including quality of life, and these were included last (to control...
Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20
Báo cáo hóa học: " Enabling location-aware quality-controlled access in wireless networks" pdf
Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20
báo cáo hóa học:" Research Article Quality-Aware SCTP in Wireless Networks" pdf
Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 18:20
Báo cáo hóa học: " A Dynamic Reconfigurable Hardware/Software Architecture for Object Tracking in Video Streams" pptx
Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20
Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming- P2 pdf
Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 20:21