qualitative and quantitative method of sales forecasting
Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 1
... is described mathemat-ically and implemented.Requirements for Quantifying Rate and Extent of DigestionRobust quantitative description of the rate and extent of digestion requiresthree components:1. ... to understandhow cattle interact with their environment, in order to optimize the design and management of cattle production systems, and also in view of animal welfare.The topic of animal–environment ... as appearance and disappearance of microbial matter. Indirect methods (Negi et al., 1988) and markers (Nocek, 1987; Nocek and Grant, 1987) have been used to estimatethe amount of microbial contamination...
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Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 2
... because of its role both in the processes of digestion and absorp-tion and in the expression of voluntary feed consumption.The Nature of DigestaThe ruminant GI tract consists of a succession of ... factor (R), and of calculated water and dry matter (DM) flow, to deviations from uniform distribution of the particlemarker throughout the DM of the particle phase (PP) and digesta (DG) and of the ... degradation of rumenprotozoa. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia 14, 153.Faichney, G.J. (1990) Effect of level of intake and grinding of lucerne hay on theefficiency of rumination...
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Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 3
... overestimation of both the immediately soluble fraction and the extent of degradation, and likely underestimation of the rate of degradation (Huntington and Givens, 1995).Loss of particles from ... data. Journal of AnimalScience 19, 545–552.Dowman, M.G. and Collins, F.C. (1982) The use of enzymes to predict the digestibility of animal feeds. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture ... widerange of techniques is available; each with its advantages and disadvantages, and the final decision should be based on the type of work (number of feeds tobe tested and amount of sample),...
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Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 4
... of the leaf and stem com-ponents by removal of cuticle, crushing and separation of vascular bundles and other plant tissues, and release of plant cell contents (Ulyatt et al., 1986;Wilson and ... representation of the breakdown process of (A) leaves of tropical and temperate grasses and of legumes, and (B) mature stems of grass and legume, duringeating and initial (0–6 h) digestion in the ... M.N. and Minson, D.J. (1989a) Particle size reduction of theleaves of a tropical and temperate grass by cattle. I. Effect of chewing during eating and varying times of digestion. Grass and Forage...
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Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 5
... diet quality(affected by composition of supplements), level of intake, retention time of solids and liquids, and the timing of release of energy substrates and nitrogen-ous materials into the ... R.M., Bryant, A.M. and Leng, R.A. (1976) Rates of production of methane inthe rumen and large intestine of sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 36, 1–14.Murray, R.M., Bryant, A.M. and Leng, R.A. ... Napper, D.J. and Schuller, E.(2003) Rates of production of acetate, propionate and butyrate in the rumen of 174 J. France and J. Dijkstra 6Volatile Fatty Acid ProductionJ. France1 and J. Dijkstra21Centre...
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Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 6
... digestibility of feed and production of VFA and microbial protein. However, the complexity of these analogues, whichoften employ pulse addition of heterogeneous, particulate substrate and differential and/ or ... production of copiousquantities of saliva containing bicarbonate and phosphate salts, which enablethe rumen to be maintained at a pH of 67. Mixing of rumen contents and ò CAB International 2005. Quantitative ... walls and fermentation of cellulose by Ruminococcus flavefaciens in batch and continu-ous culture. Journal of General Microbiology 110, 29–38.Pirt, S.J. (1975) Principles of Microbe and Cell...
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Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 7
... M.E. and Marsh, P.B. (1976) Effect of monensin fed with forageon digestion and the ruminal ecosystem of steers. Journal of Animal Science 42,229–234.Eadie, J.M. and Gill, J.C. (1971) Effect of ... moleculartools and bioinformatics offer the promise for an even better understanding of this ecologically complex environment.ReferencesAbou Akada, A.R. and El-Shazly, K. (1964) Effect of absence of ciliate ... expression and protein profiles in complex mixed cultures of organisms. These approacheshave not yet been used quantitatively, but they offer the possibility of mappingthe genetics and gene expression...
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Tài liệu Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 8 docx
... remainder of the body (Baldwin,1995). Only Gill et al. (1989) addressed the concept of energy costs of nutrients and ion transport, and of protein synthesis and degradation in tissues of the total ... carbohydrate and starch intake (kg/day)Rumen degradability of NDF (% of intake)268 A. Bannink and S. Tamminga 10Rumen FunctionA. Bannink1 and S. Tamminga21Division of Nutrition and Food, ... intake and the in situ degrad-ation characteristics of carbohydrates and N. First, a diet was simulated with adaily dry matter intake of 10.0 kg of grass silage, 6.5 kg of maize silage and 5.8...
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Tài liệu Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 9 pptx
... sheep Freetly and Ferrell (1998, 2000) reported release of acetate and triacylglycerides and removal of NEFA and n-butyrate, but unfor-tunately no measurement of 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate. ... The Netherlands, p. 273.Heath, T.J. and Perkins, N.R. (1985) Effect of development of the ovine forestomachs of the anatomy of portal vessels and on the intrahepatic distribution of portal blood.Research ... Huntingdon, G.R. and Reynolds, P.J. (1984) Role of insulin and glucose onmetabolite uptake by the hind limbs of beef steers. Journal of Animal Science 58,1146–1453.Reilly, P.E.B. and Chandrasena,...
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Tài liệu Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 10 pptx
... (1967a) Rates of entry and oxidation of acetate, glucose,D(-)-b-hydroxy-butyrate, palmitate, oleate and stearate, and rates of production and oxidation of propionate and butyrate infed and starved ... Wolfe, B.M. and Bohmer, T. (1971) Quantitative studies of the metabolism of chylomicron triglycerides and cholesterol by liver and extrahepatic tissues of sheep and dogs. Journal of Clinical ... and Nichols, B.W. (1967b) The oxidation and utilisation of palmitate, stearate, oleate and acetate by the mammary gland of thefed goat in relation to their overall metabolism, and the role of...
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Tài liệu Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 11 ppt
... (e.g. measurements of protein levels for some enzymes of the ubiqui-tination machinery and proteasomal subunits, of the rate of ubiquitination of protein substrates, and of proteasome activities).Whole-body ... Neth-erlands, pp. 177–201.Nozie`re, P., Attaix, D., Bocquier, F. and Doreau, M. (1999) Effects of underfeeding and refeeding on weight and cellularity of splanchnic organs in ewes. Journal of Animal ... D.B. and Fleet, I.R. (1988) Protein synthesis and degradation inthe mammary gland of lactating goats. Journal of Dairy Research 55, 143–154.Patureau Mirand, P., Bernard, O., Prugnaud, J. and...
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Tài liệu Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism - Phần 12 docx
... resulted in estimates of MEm of 0.58 and 0:66 MJ=kg0:75for the linear and multiple regression methods,respectively, and kl of 0.64 and 0.69, respectively. The weight of evidencefrom recent ... (100% of ME and CP requirements) and high (160% of ME and CP requirements) intake levels, the liver removed approximately 34% of theAA absorbed by the PDV. Removal of essential AA comprised 15% of ... gain and pregnancy, re-spectively and km, kl, kg and kpare the efficiencies of utilization of ME formaintenance, lactation, liveweight gain and pregnancy.The energy unit used in NRC and...
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