... will be the trade-off theory, the agency cost theory and the pecking-order theory 2.2.1 THE TRADE-OFF THEORY The trade-off theory explains firms’ choice of leverage by a trade-off between the benefits ... short, the purposes ofthe research are: (1) An overview ofthe theory of capital structure in order to see the importance of an optimal capital structure, the rationale for the development ofthe ... state had the average rate of 40.5%, higher than the 24.46% ofthe other company * By the net profit to total assets (prof), the average rate ofthe companies is 11%, state companies has the average...
... other tier ofthe company, the management team is directly responsible for the day-to-day operations (and profitability) ofthe company * Chief Executive Officer (CEO) – As the top manager, the ... to maintain the smooth operation ofthe firm, with the assistance of senior management Often, the CEO will also be designated as the company's president and therefore also be one ofthe inside ... was accepted The means of results in table told that the more proportion number of women on boardroom, the higher profit of bank The higher proportion number of women on the board, the larger bank...
... determined directly by the size of a state’s economy (Income or Output) : imports (M), Federal Taxes (T), consumption or savings (S) and profits earned in the state (π) • Other variables are determined ... determined by forces largely outside ofthe region and serve to bring money into the state, generating growth and ultimately determining state size (level of income or output): - Exports (X) - ... growth in activity, level of activity N: national growth of activity • Share: a matter of timing • Mix: Historic industrial structure • Competitive: “our” companies versus “theirs” [innovation –vs-...
... a member of WTO, the MFN status with the US would contribute significantly to the inflow of FDI The authors then used their estimate to simulate the effect ofthe BTA on the inflow of FDI into ... since the inception of economic reform in 1986 The inflow of FDI has contributed significantly to the economic development of Vietnam Still, thedeterminantsof FDI inflow and its impacts on the ... institutions affect not only thethe volume of investment but also the mode of entry 20 As they included the lag (one period) in their new FDI equation, most ofthe coefficients are not statistically...
... function ofthe CXXXC motif of human Sco proteins could therefore be implicated not only in the maturation ofthe CuA site of Cox2 but also in the maintenance of cellular copper homeostasis The involvement ... those active in the more complex eukaryotes The answers to these questions involve the description ofthe molecular determinants that underlie the specific functional mechanisms of these proteins ... Blackburn NJ (2011) The essential role ofthe Cu(II) state of Sco in the maturation ofthe Cu(A) center of cytochrome oxidase: evidence from H135Met and H135SeM variants ofthe Bacillus subtilis...
... Schumacher (2000) apply the model of Ho and Saunders(1981) to analyze thedeterminantsof interest margins in six countries ofthe European Union and the US during the period 1988–95 They find that macroeconomic ... banks as they become “too large.” The marginal statistical significance ofthe regression coefficient, on the other hand, adds further evidence to the hypothesis that, thanks to some degree of market ... concentration, measured by the ratio of each bank’s total outstanding loans to the net domestic credit ofthe country;8 (ii) the impact of managerial inefficiency (proxied by the log of overheads costs)...
... their equivalents in the other subunit ofthe second dimer (Fig 4A) In the case of P21212 (TcRpiB-R5P), the four molecules in the asymmetric unit represent the tetramer The two active sites of ... Some of these compounds inhibit MtRpiB [13] The difference in the behaviour ofthe two enzymes appears to arise from the slightly broader active site in MtRpiB as a result ofthe switch ofthe ... in the biological cycle ofthe parasite (i.e the epimastigote and the metacyclic trypomastigote in the insect vector, and the intracellular amastigote and the bloodstream trypomastigote in the...
... increase the fit ofthe leverage regressions The sign, magnitude and significance ofthe bank-level variables remain unchanged except for profits in the market leverage regression Some ofthe negative ... traded banks in the EU at the beginning of our time period There are no data for the US in 1991 and 1992 We also replaced the profits of Providian Financial in 2001 with those of 2002, as Providian ... assets of firms are typically three times as volatile as the assets of banks (12% versus 3.6%) The median profitability of banks is 5.1% of assets, which is a little less than a half of firms’ profitability...
... that the main determinantsof net interest margins are bank-specific factors, whereas others claim that the industry-specific factors are more important On the other hand, others believe that the ... light on the literature regarding thedeterminantsof bank net interest margins The empirical methodology ofthe study is presented in section The data set exploited is presented in section The empirical ... will increase the incentive to change price Two characteristics that may influence the slope ofthe perceived supply curve are (1) the level of market concentration and (2) the size ofthe firm's...
... increase the expected rate and therefore also the current interbank rate, but the amount ofthe increase depends on both the size of underbidding and the slope ofthe demand curve There is then an ... move the interest rate up to the level expected to prevail at the last day ofthe maintenance period The level ofthe interest rate at the last day depends on the slope ofthe demand curve and the ... until the last day ofthe RMP It is therefore interesting to test if the volatility increase at the end ofthe RMP depends 40 The underbidding dummy takes value one at the allotment day of the...
... sample of banks rather than on a bank profit maximization model The purpose of this paper is to provide an econometric account ofthe main determinantsofthe bank interest margin in Brazil The ... America is taken as the benchmark, Brazil tops the list in spite ofthe drastic drop observed in 2000.8 The purpose ofthe table is just to illustrate the orders of magnitude ofthe bank interest ... shows that the cross-section dispersion of interest rates has not significantly changed over the years The coefficient of variation is the ratio ofthe standard-error to the mean ofthe corresponding...
... Questionnaire The questionnaire consists of 28 questions on a five-point scale This indicated that the whole spectrum ofthe five-point scales was utilized in the reflection of quality of life ofthe participants ... experience of researchers This was to evaluate the perceived benefits ofthe completed intervention program (see Table 2) The items were finally included based on the feedback ofthe clients of a pilot ... Tao, had received the transmission of these eight forms and revised them as the Eight-Section Brocades Other theories suggest that the Eight-Section Brocades is a collection of various Daoyin...
... requires further structural insight is, on the one hand, the widespread use of Asp at the P7 position in many naturally occurring NADPH-dependent GDHs and, on the other hand, the failure ofthe E243D ... were the most useful for overall comparison The wild-type Kd for NADH in the presence of oxoglutarate was 0.72 lm and each ofthe mutants showed the anticipated weakening of NADH binding, to the ... establish the extent of discrimination between the two natural nicotinamide cofactors in the unmutated enzyme Table shows the separate values of kcat and Km and the derived value for the catalytic...
... stabilize the aromatic and the hydrocarbon chain ofthe FA The importance ofthe interaction between an aromatic tyrosine and the phenolic ring ofthe substrate is consistent with the biochemical ... the presence of a FA moiety bounded at the active site in the three molecules ofthe asymmetric unit (not shown) However, the remaining groups ofthe substrate (i.e the arabinose and the two xylose ... direct extrapolation ofthe position ofthe oxyanion pocket Crystallography and point replacement ofthe nucleophilic serine of AnFaeA, Ser133, allowed the identification ofthe active site, confined...
... observe that the differences between the two scores could be due to the disparity of Mr A and Mrs B education years (18 in the case of Mr A versus in the case of Mrs B) Furthermore, their different ... limited number of predictive variables [20] We therefore propose a very preliminary strategy of comprehensive assessment in line with the evidence ofthe complex pattern ofdeterminantsof depressive ... himself made a list ofthe "heavy events": the death of his father, several organic diseases of his wife and daughter, the country home devastated by an earthquake, the job burden of his wife Moreover,...
... In the cruciate-deficient-dog model of OA, by the time the dogs were months old the articular cartilage in the unstable knee showed both the histologic changes typical of early OA and loss of ... participated in the design ofthe study YW carried out the measurement ofthe tibial plateau bone areas, performed the statistical analysis, and drafted the manuscript AW and FC reviewed the manuscript ... al.: Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis Classification of osteoarthritis ofthe knee Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee ofthe American Rheumatism...
... compared thepsychosocial functioning and coping of mothers with chronic pain (including mothers with arthritis) to mothers without pain, with regard to their ratings of parenting efficacy There ... completed the trial, and the attrition was greatest in the two pain CST groups (19 and 18, respectively, completing the study), which threatens the strength ofthe conclusions Unexpectedly, the conventional ... The ‘dose-response’ relationship for most psychosocial interventions has not been fully investigated Given their results, the authors ofthe latter study recommend re-examining the trend to offer...
... protein after the onset of AA downmodulates the course of AA, highlighting the significance ofthe role of this chemokine in the progression ofthe disease [19] For the T cells, the precise target ... AA-resistant WKY rats These rats produced high levels of Th1 cytokines early following Mtb injection, and the overall shape ofthe cytokine profiles was almost the opposite of that of LEW rats when ... [30,36] The levels as well as the timing of production of Th1 cytokines in response to Bhsp65/Rhsp65 therefore have a significant influence on the outcome of Mtb challenge of LEW/WKY rats Other...
... the regulatory minimum 28 This is the outcome of joint-significance tests ofthe sum ofthe coefficient on the explanatory variable and the interaction term ofthe explanatory variable with the ... Accordingly, the standard deviation ofthe size of US banks is roughly half ofthe standard deviation ofthe size of EU banks Table A1: Macro-variables and US vs, EU separately The sample consists ofthe ... traded banks, the sample exhibits considerable heterogeneity in the cross-section The largest bank in the sample is almost 3,000 times the size ofthe smallest In light ofthe objective of this paper,...
... highlighted the need to better understand themediatorsof knowledge transfer, and previous work has established that a variety of factors may influence the effects of KT [38,39] However, themediators ... comprehensive understanding ofthe interpretation of responses during the chart-stimulated recall Their orientation will consist of training on the theory and methods of chart-stimulated recall, ... attributes of workshops contribute to effects on professional practice [22] There is a specific lack of knowledge on the impact of knowledge transfer on complex clinical decision-making The majority of...