psychological developmental and behavioral issues

... 18.3.3 Tree priors 18.3.4 Multiple data partitions and linking and unlinking parameters 18.3.5 Definitions and units of the standard parameters and variables 18.3.6 Model comparison 18.3.7 Conclusions ... single-stranded polynucleotide The backbone in each DNA strand The Phylogenetic Handbook: a Practical Approach to Phylogenetic Analysis and Hypothesis Testing, Philippe Lemey, Marco Salemi, and Anne-Mieke ... uracil (U) Hydrogen bonds and base stacking result in the two DNA strands binding together, with strong (triple) bonds between G and C, and weak (double) bonds between T/U and A (Fig 1.1) These hydrogen-bonded...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 10:20

... parallel operation and can diminish both speed up and scale up, particularly: (i) start up and consolidation costs, (ii) interference and communication, and (iii) skew Start Up and Consolidation ... the first join attribute exists in Table and Table 2, and the second join attribute exists in Table and Table 3, and the last join attribute exists in Table and Table Therefore, these join operations ... computers to more and more and to it faster The design of computers has now become more complex than ever before, and with the improved circuitry design, improved instruction sets, and improved algorithms...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 18:20

... database processing can be found in Hameurlain and Morvan (DEXA 1995), Graefe and Cole (ACM TODS 1995), Shatdal and Naughton (SIGMOD 1995), and Ganguly, Goel, and Silberschatz (PODS 1996) Different authors ... processor 1, L–T to processor 2, and the rest to processor Therefore, Students Black and Chan go to processor 1, Robertson and Tan to processor 2, and Williamson and White to the last processor ... case especially if p1 D jRj=N =P and p2 involves skew and therefore will not equally be divided However, when both p1 and p2 are heavily skewed, the values of p1 and p2 may be modeled as equal,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 18:20

... Iyer and Dias (ICDE 1990) and DeWitt et al (1992) discuss systems issues in parallel database sorting Parallel sorting for databases uses external sorting methods Yamane and Take (1987) and Zhao ... merging costs First, the host processes all records, and hence R and jRj are used in the cost equations, 100 Chapter Parallel Sort and GroupBy not Ri and jRi j Second, since only one processor, namely ... group-by attribute and performs the aggregate function Using Query 4.5 as an example, one node may produce, for example, (Math, 300) and (Science, 500) and another node (Business, 100) and (Science,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 18:20

... the join query result and the product of the two tables R and S For example, if there are 100 and 200 records from table R and table S, respectively, and the join between R and S produces 50 records, ... table S jRj and jSj Number of records in table R and table S jRi j and jSi j Number of records in table R and table S on node i P Page size H Hash table size Query parameters πR and πS Projectivity ... join) and Hua et al (VLDB 1991; IEEE TKDE 1995; proposing partition tuning to handle dynamic load balancing) Other work on skew handling and load balancing include DeWitt et al (VLDB 1992) and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 18:20

... spread spread spread, but spread spread spread, but spread not random randomly randomly not random randomly randomly not random randomly Figure 7.26 A comparative table for parallel multi-index ... both operands are the same they not satisfy the predicate, and hence return a false result The difference between subset and sublist originated from the basic difference between sets and lists ... level, the worst case is where one leaf node on the left-hand side is replicated to the processor on the left and one leaf node on the right-hand side is also replicated Assuming that the index entry...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 18:20

... and 33, and processors), load balancing is achieved by spreading and combining partitions to create more equal loads For example, buckets 11, 22 and 23 are placed at processor 1, buckets 13 and ... technique, Ž Divide and broadcast technique, Ž One-way divide and partial broadcast technique, and Ž Two-way divide and partial broadcast technique b Adopting the two-way divide and partial broadcast ... ceil.x//andg.n x/ < g.n f loor x// Noting that both f x/ and g.x/ are decreasing functions, and since x < ceil.x/, hence f x/ < f ceil.x//, and since x > floor.x/, hence n x < n floor.x/, and g.n...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 18:20

... denoted as ST12 Since both transactions need to access DB2 and DB3 , the subtransactions would be (ST12 and ST13 ) and (ST22 and ST23 ) for T1 and T2 , respectively Data access must be synchronized ... queries, whereas Hong and Stonebraker (SIGMOD 1992 and DAPD 1993) proposed optimization based on interoperation and intraoperation for XPRS parallel database Hameurlain and Morvan (ICPP 1993, ... (ICDE 2006 and DAPD 2006) examined resource scheduling for grid query processing considering machine load and availability Li et al (DKE 2004) proposed an on-demand synchronization and load distribution...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 18:20

... protocol, and explain how it solves the concurrency issues in the Grid 11.5 Compare and contrast the difference between GCC and any other concurrency control protocols (e.g., distributed databases and ... a protocol understandable to the originator 336 Chapter 11 Grid Concurrency Control The term “coordinator” is used in Figures 11.5 and 11.6 and “originator” in Figures 11.7 and 11.8 In both cases, ... Grid-ACP and early-abort Grid-ACP is to deal with autonomy and heterogeneity between sites Because of autonomy, synchronous communication between the originator and participants is not possible, and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 18:20

... SUM(CASE WHEN Mark FROM Students; BETWEEN BETWEEN BETWEEN BETWEEN BETWEEN 80 70 60 50 40 AND 100 AND 80 AND 70 AND 60 AND 50 THEN THEN THEN THEN THEN 1 1 ELSE ELSE ELSE ELSE ELSE 0 0 END) END) END) END) ... T D 0, D B1 , D B4 and D B5 (Y in Fig 14.2) being the chosen replicas for the quorum At T D 1, D B4 decides to abort and D B1 and D B5 decide to commit the subtransaction and hence are in the ... one hand, data replication can increase the performance and availability of the system, while on the other hand, if not designed properly, a replicated system can produce worse performance and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 18:20

... these candidate itemsets, and prunes all infrequent candidate 2-itemsets Ž In the third iteration, it again joins each of the frequent 2-itemsets and generates the following potential candidate ... element of s1 , and y the last item of s2 , the new candidate is if y is a single item element, or add y to x otherwise For candidate 2-sequences, for all x F1 and y F1 , join x and y to become ... example of candidate generation The table gives frequent 3-sequences, and we would like to use the joining and pruning to create candidate 4-sequences By joining the first sequence and the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 18:20

... R., and Fernandes, A., Adaptive Query Processing and the Grid: Opportunities and Challenges, Proceedings of DEXA Workshops, pp 506510, 2004 Gounaris, A., Paton, N.W., Sakellariou, R., Fernandes, ... Database Research Issues in a WWW and GRIDs World, Proceedings of Conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Informatics (SOFSEM), pp 921, 2004 Jeffery, K.G., GRIDS, Databases, and Information ... and Expert Systems Applications DEXA Workshop, pp 524528, 2004 Malaika, S., Eisenberg, A., and Melton, J., Standards for Databases on the Grid, ACM SIGMOD Record, 32(3):92100, 2003 Mehta, M and...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 15:20

... Talia, D., and Trunfio, P., “Parallel and Grid-Based Data Mining - Algorithms, Models and Systems for High-Performance KDD”, Proceedings of the Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Handbook, pp ... Monteiro, A.M.C and Furtado, P., “Data Skew-Handling in Parallel MDIM Data Warehouses”, Proceedings of Databases and Applications, pp 157–162, 2005 Nguyen, T M., Brezany, P., Tjoa, A M., and Weippl, ... Feng, L., and Li, Z., “Fully Dynamic Partitioning: Handling Data Skew in Parallel Data Cube Computation”, Distributed and Parallel Databases, 13(2):181–202, 2003 Märtens, H., Rahm, E., and Stöhr,...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 15:20

... Talia, D., and Trunfio, P., “Parallel and Grid-Based Data Mining - Algorithms, Models and Systems for High-Performance KDD”, Proceedings of the Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Handbook, pp ... Monteiro, A.M.C and Furtado, P., “Data Skew-Handling in Parallel MDIM Data Warehouses”, Proceedings of Databases and Applications, pp 157–162, 2005 Nguyen, T M., Brezany, P., Tjoa, A M., and Weippl, ... Feng, L., and Li, Z., “Fully Dynamic Partitioning: Handling Data Skew in Parallel Data Cube Computation”, Distributed and Parallel Databases, 13(2):181–202, 2003 Märtens, H., Rahm, E., and Stöhr,...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 15:20

... satisfies the Specificity and Coverage criteria (recall that τs = 0.5 and τc = 100) and is further explored to the next level of the hierarchy In contrast, “Health,” “Computers,” and “Science” are not ... was later refined by Mandelbrot [Man88] Mandelbrot observed a relationship between the rank r and the frequency f of a word in a text database: f = P (r + p)−B , where P , B, and p are parameters ... FP and RS methods when they retrieve the same number of documents and RS-SVM, respectively The ctf ratio and the SRCC values for the alternative versions of RS-Lrd are listed in Figure 9(a) and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:21

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2012, 15:49

... interactively, start RMAN and then type commands into the command-line interface For example, you can start RMAN from the UNIX command shell and then execute interactive commands as follows: % rman ... the RESTORE command BACKUP Command Creates Backup Sets or Image Copies In previous releases, RMAN had two separate commands to back up datafiles: BACKUP and COPY The BACKUP command backed up the ... scenes Note: All RMAN commands for Oracle release 8.1 and higher also work in Oracle Databse Release 10g How RMAN Compiles and Executes Commands RMAN processes most commands in the two phases discussed...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2013, 11:15

... Backup and Recovery Overview What is Backup and Recovery? Physical Backups and Logical Backups Errors and Failures Requiring Recovery from Backup Oracle Backup and ... Copies and Backup Sets Full and Incremental Datafile Backups RMAN Backups and Tags Backing Up Database Files and Archived Logs with RMAN Making Consistent and ... Restore and Recovery with RMAN: Overview Scope and Limitations of this Chapter Restore and Recovery with Enterprise Manager Preparing and Planning Database Restore and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 17:15

... Database Design and Implementation Louis Davidson With Kevin Kline, Scott Klein, and Kurt Windisch 8662FM.qxp 7/28/08 6:19 PM Page ii Pro SQL Server 2008 Relational Database Design and Implementation ... prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4302-0866-2 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4302-0867-9 Printed and bound in the United States of America Trademarked ... we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark Java™ and all Java-based marks are trademarks or registered...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 15:15

... areas of interest are database architecture and coding in T-SQL, and he has experience designing many databases and writing thousands of stored procedures and triggers through the years About the ... version 6.5, and has over 10 years of experience with the product He has extensive administrative and developer experience with very large OLTP and OLAP systems and enjoys learning and applying ... blog and in newsgroups Aaron Bertrand deserves thanks for his great website http://www.aspfaq.com and the shoe memories Thanks to Kalen Delaney for all she has done for me and the community and...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 15:15