protecting the environment through action and policy

... conducive to the expansion of credit without due regard to the risks It then describes the market responses to the deteriorating conditions and the response of the authorities to the crisis The second ... for these products, thereby introducing further uncertainty about the reliability of their ratings Conduits and SIVs had funded their purchases of CDOs and other securitized assets by issuing their ... were due The result of the dislocation in the capital and money markets would lead to the Northern Rock bank run in the United Kingdom and the threat of bankruptcy for Bear Stearns in the United...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 07:20

... discussion of these themes, he insightfully weaves together positions advanced by the contributors to this volume with respect to the science and policy of acid deposition To further the chemical and biological ... between the desire for knowledge on the part of the poHcy and regulatory community within EPA (and more broadly, the federal agencies), and those of the scientific community For the most part, the ... annually, and more than a dozen agencies participated, about half of them actively The program was the province of the Research and Development arms of the various agencies, and their policy equivalents...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:43

... development The government is reacting by targeting the allocation of credit away from these sectors On the other hand, the government has highlighted the promotion of domestic demand as one of the most ... from the CPB for the Netherlands and Paavo Suni at ETLA for Finland Other Institutes provided comments, and Ray Barrell from NIESR drafted the note 11 C.f footnote 11 ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE ... Spain, the Netherlands, Finland and Ireland Table 2.4 shows two estimates of the fiscal stance in the euro area, based on EUROFRAME-EFN forecasts for GDP growth and government deficits The assessment...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20

... Wetlands of International Importance,145 and then “to promote the conservation of the wetlands included on the List, and as far as possible the wise use of wetlands in their territory.”146 The ... arms race on the seabed and the ocean floor and the subsoil thereof, the Committee on Disarmament is requested (…) to proceed promptly with the consideration of the further measures in the field ... Regulations adopted by them, the inhabitants and the belligerents remain under the protection and the rule of the principles of the law of nations, as they result from the usages established...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:21

... enhanced hand hygiene, etc.) positive identification of NVG as the etiology of an outbreak may contribute to the understanding of the burden and epidemiology of these infections, pinpoint the outbreak ... conceived and participated in the design of the study, contributed to test development and laboratory testing of specimens, and contributed to the drafting of the manuscript All authors read and approved ... contributed to the drafting of the manuscript ALG participated in the design of the study and contributed to the drafting of the manuscript GB contributed to test development and laboratory testing of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... Wetlands of International Importance,145 and then “to promote the conservation of the wetlands included on the List, and as far as possible the wise use of wetlands in their territory.”146 The ... arms race on the seabed and the ocean floor and the subsoil thereof, the Committee on Disarmament is requested (…) to proceed promptly with the consideration of the further measures in the field ... Regulations adopted by them, the inhabitants and the belligerents remain under the protection and the rule of the principles of the law of nations, as they result from the usages established...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 21:20

... beyond a limited radius, they supply much smaller fractions of the overall need The Netherlands is perhaps the most obvious exception: Because of the country’s large animal husbandry supported by imports ... kg/ha in the Northeastern United States, and it is over kg P/ha both in Northwestern Europe and in the part of the Iberian peninsula draining to the Atlantic Ocean (80) However, the study of the riverine ... (136) Algae assimilate the nutrients from polluted water flowing through a series of vessels; algal-grazing fish feed on the periphyton and the fish and their PHOSPHORUS IN THE ENVIRONMENT 79 feces...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 02:20

... Distribution in the Environment, in Foods, and in Living Organisms 946 Distribution in the Environment 946 Mercury Emissions to the Environment 946 Mercury Species in the Environment 948 Mercury in the Atmosphere ... Elements and Their Compounds in the Environment Edited by E Merian (†), M Anke, M Ihnat and M Stoeppler Elements and their Compounds in the Environment 2nd Edition Edited ... of the book could be significantly strengthened and the basis of the literature sources increased if not only metals and some metalloids previously covered, but also several other metals and...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 16:08

... rather than the reverse [26,79] However, others have suggested that there are important parallels between the scientific process and traditional AI/AN ways of understanding themselves and the ... that the characteristics of many of the EBTs themselves and their potential lack of fit with the values of providers and the communities they serve [88] are likely a major factor in limiting their ... classifying the issues we identified and for discussing the impacts we hypothesize they are having on the use of EBTs in these substance abuse programs The most relevant factors are discussed below and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:20

... (generally 72 h), and the oxidation of the substrate is monitored by measuring the reduction of a tetrazolium dye The rate and density of the color change depend upon the number and activity of ... Two of the most pressing of these are adequate and sustainable food production in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and counteracting global warming through carbon sequestration and other processes ... its impact on local and global carbon and nitrogen cycles (Chapters 8, 9, and 10), and environmental remediation of contaminated soils and sediments (Chapters 18, 19, and 20) The second category...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... (51), which support bacterial growth and metabolism These substrates inhibit the activity and repress the synthesis of ectoenzymes in bacteria On the other hand, when low levels of readily available ... substrate for the enzyme Consequently, they are cleaved first to the monosubstituted analog and then to the free fluorophore Because the monosubstituted analog often absorbs and emits light at the same ... ECTOENZYME SYNTHESIS AND ACTIVITY The conditions in the aquatic environment, as in the soil aqueous phase, are unfavorable for enzymes First, the substrate concentration is usually very low and highly...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... potential for enzymatic dissolution of POM on the one hand and the feeding activity of the metazoans on the other hand The bulk of both the dissolved and particulate resources, however, requires ... for bacterial phosphatases The latter may target C and N rather than P supply, as pointed out for the ¨ limnetic environment by Siuda and Gude (60) and for the deep and C-limited, but phosphate-replete, ... 40 µM C in the ocean’s interior (65) Despite the lower concentrations in the deep ocean, the major fraction of the DOM is found in the aphotic zone of the ocean, comprising ϳ90% of the total oceanic...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... produces the gene products (enzymes and metabolites) plant roots and function by solubilizing nutrients; others are released into the soil by the lysis of microbial and plant cells As mentioned, these ... reduction was found in the V max (74% in the grassland Copyright © 2002 Marcel Dekker, Inc soil and 90% in the forest soil) and the Michaelis constant (K m), which decreased with the duration (years) ... process, the root supplies the carbon and energy for the microorganisms to produce the bioremediation, although plants themselves may also have cyanide-catabolizing potential The harnessing and exploitation...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... within the host may be modulated by the ability of fungus and host to produce enzymes The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the role of enzymes in the penetration and development of the fungus ... pectic and hemicellulose materials The AM fungi hydrolyze these cellular complexes in a very organized manner to make their entry into the root cortical cells (37) The mode of action of some of the ... (91,92) There are suggestions that either the AM fungi increase the nitrate reductase activity in the host plant (regardless of the P content) or the AM fungi have enzymatic activity per se (93) The...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... attribute and the hyperparasitic potential of the various isolates in dual culture (97) Therefore, the relevance and role of enzymes and toxic metabolite(s) of these mycoparasitic fungi in their ... fibers, even through the latter induce hyphal coiling and appressorium formation (92) Therefore, the signal involved in triggering the production of these hydrolytic enzymes is independent of the recognition ... superficially, whereas the mucilage of the root hairs and of distal parts of the wounded areas or broken parts of the roots was extensively colonized (113) The interaction between T harzianum and P ultimum...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... intimately linked to the latter question is the kinetics of the reaction Although a sound assay method based on a clear understanding of the specific reactants and the reaction kinetics of the individual ... also alter the efficiency (K m ) of the reaction Thus, both the total enzyme as reflected in the V max and the efficiency of the transformation are environmentally controlled Analysis of the kinetics ... models are used to describe these enzyme reactions in soil In all cases, the reactions approximate the product of the interaction of the enzyme between its substrate and environment More detailed...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... Figure The decomposition process presented as a successional loop The diagram emphasizes the dynamic interactions among microdecomposers, extracellular enzymes, and substrate and highlights the ... (water chestnut) wetland, and two channel sites along the Hudson River estuary and assayed for lignocellulose and chitin-degrading enzyme activities; bacterial and fungal biomass and productivity ... analyzed for mass loss and the activities of cellulase, xylanase, polygalacturonase (pectinase), and pectin lyase Corroborating the work of Chamier and Dixon (8), they concluded that the pH dependence...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... microfungi active in the decomposition process in litter and soil: the Zygomycetes and the Deuteromycetes These have various morphological and enzymatic traits that enable them to grow and proliferate ... i.e., the testing of strains and the extraction of enzymes, provide complementary information on enzyme production by emphasizing the potential of the living hyphae and the sum of past and present ... In experiments involving the addition of C and N to forest soils they found that as the C and N concentration increased, so did cellulose and lignin degradation and the active fungal biomass...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... adsorption stage to give the pH of the catalytic reaction on the x axis (Adapted from Ref 52.) the reversal of the unfolding of the adsorbed enzyme therefore would be greater than the thermal energy, ... double diffuse layer theory and assumes that there is a difference in pH between the bulk of the solution (pH b ) and the liquid layer near the solid surface (pH ) (6,44–46) due to the increased concentration ... instantaneous attractive interaction The two other components are the induction (or Debye) forces, related to the interaction between a polar molecule and a nonpolar molecule, and the orientation (or Keesom)...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... growth in the vicinity of the roots, and, in turn, the microorganisms fix nitrogen, assist the plant in adsorption of nutrients from the soil, and protect the roots against pathogens Another example ... nonaquatic environments such as the rhizosphere (Chapter 4), soil, and subsurface environments (93,94) One of the more complex environments is the soil ecosystem, with its many different particles and ... that in a natural environment, such as the soil habitat, bacteria and fungi form biofilms and therefore the degradation of environmental pollutants occurs in a biofilm state The role of bacterial–fungal...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20