proposed strut and tie modeling specifications

... DEVELOP STRUT- AND- TIE MODEL STM with fewest and shortest ties is the best (a) Correct (b) Incorrect (adapted from MacGregor and Wight, 2005) 30 STRUT- AND- TIE MODEL DESIGN PROCEDURE Separate B- and ... 528.1 k 23.8 k 528.1 k The angle between a strut and a tie entering the same node must be greater than 25° 28 DEVELOP STRUT- AND- TIE MODEL Analyze strut- and- tie model 250 k 290 k -14.4 k 222.2 k 222.2 ... reinforcement Strength is sufficient (ties and nodes) 16 STM FUNDAMENTALS Three parts to every STM: Struts Ties Nodes Node Tie Strut 17 STM FUNDAMENTALS Place struts and ties according to “flow” of forces...

Ngày tải lên: 24/11/2017, 15:26

Ngày tải lên: 28/05/2014, 19:47

... Introduction The Strut- and- Tie is a unified approach that considers all load effects (M, N, V, T) simultaneously The Strut- and- Tie model approach evolves as one of the ... in struts and ties are uni-axial External forces apply at nodes Prestressing is treated as a load Detailing for adequate anchorage Problems in STM Applications 1.How to construct a Strut- and- Tie ... geometry of the member and the STM, size of bearings, size of loaded areas, location and distribution of reinforcement, and size of tendon anchorages, if any Struts and ties should be dimensioned...

Ngày tải lên: 12/06/2016, 15:46

Ngày tải lên: 12/10/2016, 18:39

... strength using strut and tie model HCMC University of Transport Chapter 1: Strut and tie model 1.4 Design procedure using strut and tie model The design procedure of strut and tie model can be ... reinforcement and anchorage Figure 1.4 – Design flowchart using STM HCMC University of Transport Chapter 1: Strut and tie model 1.5 Development of strut and tie model Strut and tie model are ... Angle between strut and tie 1.6.4.2 Positions and sizes of components Struts and ties in model have to comply some other rules Except from angle limitation, developing a strut and tie model should...

Ngày tải lên: 05/12/2016, 23:47

... REFERENCE CASE WITH 3D STRUT- AND- TIE MODELS AND EUROCODE 45 7.1 Methodology 45 7.2 Two-dimensional strut- and- tie model 45 7.3 Three-dimensional strut- and- tie models 46 7.4 Reinforcement and node design ... 11 Strut- and- tie modelling In this chapter the basic principles of strut- and- tie modelling will be described Design of the different parts of strut- and- tie models will be explained, such as ties, ... UTILISATION DEGREE AND FINAL REINFORCEMENT LAYOUT 138 I FATIGUE LOADS 140 J SECTIONS OF STRUT AND TIE MODEL 146 K REINFORCEMENT CALCULATIONS AND FORCES IN STRUTS AND TIES 149 CHALMERS Civil and Environmental...

Ngày tải lên: 06/12/2016, 19:29

... STRUT- AND- TIE MODELING 22 STM APPLIES TO MORE THAN DR OGUZHAN BAYRAK DEVELOPMENTS IN STRUT- AND- TIE MODELING 23 INVERTED-T STRADDLE BENT CAP Ledge DR OGUZHAN BAYRAK DEVELOPMENTS IN STRUT- AND- TIE MODELING ... Weyenberg, BS Michael Carrell, BS Alexander Peña, BS DEVELOPMENTS IN STRUT- AND- TIE MODELING DEEP BEAM EXPERIMENTAL WORK DR OGUZHAN BAYRAK DEVELOPMENTS IN STRUT- AND- TIE MODELING DEEP BEAM EXPERIMENTAL ... Variation = Standard Deviation/Mean DR OGUZHAN BAYRAK DEVELOPMENTS IN STRUT- AND- TIE MODELING 11 RECOMMENDED STM PROVISIONS: NODAL ZONE CONFINEMENT DR OGUZHAN BAYRAK DEVELOPMENTS IN STRUT- AND- TIE MODELING...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2016, 17:21

... The points p and q are 2n-adjacent in Zn if and only if n  q i - pi =1 i =1 They are (3n - 1)-adjacent in Zn if and only if p π q and |qi - pi| £ for £ i £ n Properties of 2n- and (3n - 1)-adjacency ... algorithm and the next, the constants XMIN, XMAX, YMIN, and YMAX define the minimum and maximum values for the x- and ycoordinates of pixels in the viewport The procedures Push and Pop push and pop ... 100 and (dist,angle,incr) = (.1,144,.1), (.05,89.5,.05), (.05,170,.05), and (.05,60,.05) The “Clear” command should clear the viewport except for the turtle The “MoveTo” and “Direction” command...

Ngày tải lên: 11/11/2013, 00:18

... columns and it can also exist on a single column Summary With the data modeling for UML profile, the UML fully supports data modeling needs It allows the support of software development and data modeling ... oriented databases are supported by UML through modeling of persistent classes Data Modeling Profile for UML is not yet approved by OMG The UML and Data Modeling The possible representations of a ... Summary The UML and Data Modeling Introduction The power of the Unified Modeling Language is not limited to object oriented software development More and more, the UML is being applied...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 15:15

... due to their outstanding animaher job more easily In this tion, rendering, and production abilities, book, I’ll show you how to use not their modeling abilities DeepUV to unwrap and align the U-Vs ... powerful and important modeling and animation programs, 3D Studio, and prepare them for video games Part V, “Bringing It All Together: Level Design,” you’ll take all of your hard-earned texturing, modeling, ... machine; and the faster the machine, the more complex graphics, sound, and general game code it can handle.You’ll also see these bit capabilities applied to other things like sound and video...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 20:15

... sphere, and move it away slightly to form the tail (see Figure 4.10) TIP Use the orthogonal views (Left, Front, Top, and so on) when modeling with NURBS to help align your modeling actions Modeling ... environment for modeling, as well as other items you should consider before you begin If you’re already familiar with trueSpace and want to jump right into the modeling, go ahead and skip to the ... Mode trueSpace (and most other modeling programs) allows you to apply various settings to the video mode of your modeling environment, such as wireframe, solid, transparent, and so on I find...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 20:15

... NURBS leg, and scale and position it and the arm—on the body Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark Modeling the Slogre Figure 4.46 Fuse the arm and leg to ... isolated and unfolded; let’s pack them together and set them aside using the Packing and Type section in the Command Panel Click on the Rectangle (Medium) option in the Type section, and then ... Extrude tool to display a doubleended control handle, perpendicular to the face of your shape, and then click and drag on the endpoint of one handle to extrude the base of the foot slightly as...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 20:15

... Slogre with DeepUV Figure 6.26 Select and cut away one of the hands in the Front view Figure 6.27 Apply Planar mapping to the hand The top and bottom of the hand itself are what you’re interested ... Faces option, and create another rectangular selection around the hand Do this in the 3D view, and not in the Material view That way, you’ll get all the points on the back of the hand and not on ... kept Max and the slogre model open during this entire procedure) 15 When the update is complete, switch to 3D Studio Max and expand the Editable Mesh item in the Modifier stack Select Edge and, in...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 20:15

... camera and go to town Literally Group and work with textures in sets Don’t work randomly Don’t make any texture stand out unless it needs to Blend it nicely with its surroundings Be patient A ... steps and the other tusk, stack them, and set them aside (see Figure 6.36) The remaining cluster of points at the top-left of the Material map represents the entire head and body Select that, and ... program allowed us to isolate and unwrap individual portions of the slogre’s U-V’s, thereby generating a twodimensional and easily texturable skin map The combination of Max and DeepUV rendered this...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 20:15

... texture (and the original image) is very hazy and bright, and should be adjusted before you continue Press Ctrl+L to open the Levels dialog box, and slide the Midtones slider to the right a bit, and ... Click Edit, Preferences, Units and Rulers, and change both Rulers and Type to Pixels Then, under Edit, Preferences, Guides and Grid, change Gridlines to every 21 pixels, and Subdivisions to I had ... Click Image, Adjust, Levels (Ctrl+L), and slide the Midtones and Highlights markers over to the left a little This will enhance and sharpen the white areas and subsequently will make the resulting...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 20:15

... Testing, and Noise Modeling 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Gaussianity, Linearity, and Stationarity Tests Gaussianity Tests • Linearity Tests • Stationarity Tests 16.3 Order Selection, Model Validation, and ... +ω3 ) ) and (16.10) (16.11) where γ3 = C (0, 0, 0) and γ4 = C (0, 0, 0, 0) (16.12) For Gaussian processes, Bxxx (ω1 , ω2 ) ≡ and Txxxx (ω1 , ω2 , ω3 ) ≡ 0; equivalently, Cxxx (i, k) ≡ and Cxxxx ... (16.13), and it is asymptotically distributed as a Gaussian random variable, independent at distinct bifrequencies in the interior of D These properties have been used by Subba Rao and Gabr [3]...

Ngày tải lên: 16/12/2013, 04:15

... textures can be hand-made, taken from photograph, and more often than not, a composite of both What I find most striking about texturing metal is how sharp and effective beveling styles and displacement ... 8.189 Fun with adding wires Rivets and Screws Rivets and screws are just about the same thing, and are fairly simple to create If I were you, I’d set up a handful of actions to automatically ... concept art for the characters, box cover, posters, and what have you, the artwork will need to be at least the detail and resolution we start with, and averaging 3000×3000 pixels at 300 pixels/per...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 06:16

... dodge and burn the inside and outside to give it a curved feel Style: Blend Mode: Opacity: Angle: Distance: Spread: Size: Drop Shadow Multiply 75 90 And there you have it! You can merge the hole and ... 512 Activate Photoshop’s Grid and Snap features by choosing View, Show, Grid (Ctrl+Alt+’) and choosing View, Snap (Ctrl+;) Choose Edit, Preferences, Guides and Grid and configure the grid in increments ... Liquify command (Ctrl+Shift+X) on the grain layer to produce knots and the like Like I said, though, the absolute best way to make anything out of wood is from an image Let’s go ahead and make a...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 06:16

... Advanced Texturing Examples 52 Link and merge the handle’s layer and the metal binding’s layer You should now have only two layers: the bindings and drop handle on one layer, with the wooden ... textures for the final output: one with all glows turned down or off and the red handle moved down, and one with the handle up and everything lit Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com ... for ■ ■ ■ Organic entities, such as animal skins and plant leaves Displacement mapping for use in 3D texture development Planetary entities, such as ground and water Skin and Bones NOTE Compared...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 06:16

... with all these programs open, and bounce back and forth between them as you model, U-V, and texture Figure 11.4 The dynamic link and work structure between the U-V and texturing programs you’ll ... Grip The slogre’s hand is huge, and has 10-inch long nails for slashing enemies Such bulk, however, hinders his dexterity, which is why the grip and trigger are simplified and oversized The end ... someone else’s shoulder and get other ideas! Step 1: Linking the U-V Map to Deep Paint 3D and Photoshop The U-V and texturing portions of this project are closely related and, in this case, rely...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 06:16