programming languages concepts and constructs ravi sethi pdf

... different models, and there is no standardization as yet. 2.8 Exercises for Chap. 2 Exercise 2.1 Consider a two-dimensional mesh network with n rows and m columns. What is the bisection bandwidth of ... 1 = (V 1 , E 1 ) and G 2 = (V 2 , E 2 ) can be defined as follows: V 3 = V 1 × V 2 and E 3 ={((u 1 , u 2 ), (v 1 ,v 2 )) | ((u 1 = v 1 ) and (u 2 ,v 2 ) ∈ E 2 )or ((u 2 = v 2 ) and (u 1 ,v 1 ) ... accessed and invalidation messages are sent to P 2 and P 3 . (2) P 2 executes the read operation (2) to x 1 . We assume that the invalidation mes- sage of P 1 has already reached P 2 and that

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 22:20

... those array operands of the right-hand side that might cause 104 3 Parallel Programming Models conflicts and using these temporary variables on the right-hand side. On the left- hand side, the original ... program and does not need to be retrieved by a complicated data dependence anal- ysis. This class of programming models includes parallel programming languages which extend sequential programming languages ... Parallelism 107 functional languages would be that new language constructs are not necessary to enable a parallel execution as is the case for non-functional programming languages. 3.3.5.2 Explicit

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 22:20

... IDENT is returned, if comm1 and comm2 denote the same communicator data struc- ture. The value res = MPI CONGRUENT is returned, if the associated groups of comm1 and comm2 contain the same processes ... rank, it is often useful to have an alternative representation and access. This is the case if an algorithm performs computations and communication on a two- dimensional or a three-dimensional ... three-dimensional grid where grid points are assigned to different 5.3 Process Groups and Communicators 235 processes and the processes exchange data with their neighboring processes in each dimension

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 22:20

... stage, and next is a reference to the next pipeline stage. The entire pipeline is represented by the data structure pipe t containing a mutex variable m and two pointers head and tail to the first and ... organized as a linked list, and next is a pointer to the next task element. The data type tpool t represents the actual task pool. It contains pointers head and tail to the first and last elements of ... function tpool insert() is used to insert tasks into the task pool 280 6 Thread Programming is generated and filled and is inserted at the end of the task list. If the task pool has been empty before

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 22:20

... coefficient matrix A = (a ij ) ∈ R n×n is symmetric and positive definite, i.e., if a ij = a ji and x T Ax > 0 for all x ∈ R n with x = 0. For a symmetric and positive definite n × n matrix A ∈ R n×n ... on this storage scheme. The storage scheme uses two arrays Nonzero and Row of length nz and three arrays StartColumn, StartRow, and Supernode of length n. The array Nonzero contains the values ... reduction operation op on p processors and message size m.The computation of the local scalar products with n/ p components requires n/ p multi- plications and n/p −1 additions. The distribution

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 22:20

... CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2000 Concepts and Terminology Student Guide 80-13321-1 X11 QUALCOMM £ is a registered trademark and service mark ... Section 7: cdmaOne Handoffs 7-1 Section Introduction 7-2 Types of CDMA Handoffs 7-3 Idle Handoffs 7-4 Access Handoffs 7-5 Traffic Channel Handoffs 7-6 The Pilot Searching Process 7-10 Handoff Signaling ... Processing and Registration cdmaOne Handoffs CDMA2 000 Overview Course Summary Section 7: cdmaOne Handoffs This section describes the handoffs supported in a cdmaOne system and the signaling

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:24

... cdmaOne and CDMA2 000 Concepts and Terminology 80- 133 21-1 X11 Section 3: Codes... 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 2 -39 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2 000 Concepts and Terminology ... subscribers or a mix of fixed wireless and high mobility subscribers © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 2-40 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2 000 Concepts and Terminology 80- 133 21-1 X11 ... results in an equal number of 1’s and 0’s, the cross-correlation is zero © 2002 QUALCOMM Incorporated 3- 5 CDMA 120 – cdmaOne and CDMA2 000 Concepts and Terminology 80- 133 21-1

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 20:24

... authentication and validation mechanisms. You might, for example, have EJB component authentication and validation in the middle tier, but also have database authentication and validation ... covering these issues because they are important to understanding distributed database application programming. EJB is much simpler and more robust than what I present here in this book. [6] ... needs to set the transaction to null in its commit( ) and rollback( ) implementations. JDBC and Java 2 nd edition p age 130 8.4 Lookups and Searches Before a client can make any changes to

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:21

... after the:’s blank, and assume some programming environment feature will fill them in for us (And if we can go that far, we can drop the :’s and extra embellishments as well, and let them all be ... trueinstantiationof type variables In languages with true polymorphism, then, constraint generation and unification are not enough Instead, languages like ML, Haskell, and even our typed programming language, ... unambiguously as a flaw of programming language design It adversely affects all tools that read and process programs: compilers,IDEs, and hu-mans In contrast, substitution—and environments, done

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2021, 09:01

... Guillaume Koum and Innocent Dzoupet Preface The title of this book “Emerging Informatics- Innovative Concepts and Applications” encompasses emerging concepts and applications ... EMERGING INFORMATICS – INNOVATIVE CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS Edited by Shah Jahan Miah Emerging Informatics – Innovative Concepts and Applications Edited by Shah Jahan ... “informatics” refers to how the new concepts and applications are created, constructed and purposefully used through particular forms of information models. Prof. John Gammack and his colleagues (in the

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 10:20

... Visual Basic family of programming languages. Other members of this family of programming languages include Visual Basic and VBA. Visual Basic is a very powerful and complex programming language ... even the most complex program- ming concepts such as how to perform object-based programming. Unlike Visual Introduction Basic, VBA, and many other programming languages, there is no complex development ... color-coding and line numbering. xvi Microsoft WSH and VBScript Programming for the Absolute Beginner, Second Edition How This Book Is Organized The second edition of Microsoft WSH and VBScript Programming

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 18:20

... VBScript’s history and its relationship to other languages in the Visual Basic programming family of languages. As a wrap-up, you’ll also learn how to create and execute your very first VBScript. Specifically, ... object, and a file has a number of associated properties, such as its name and file extension. By exposing the Windows file system, the WSH enables scripts to access files and their properties and ... which are written using specific scripting languages like VBScript and JScript, Windows shell scripts are developed using regular Windows com- mands and a collection of shell-scripting statements.

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 18:20

... individual and groups of files and folders. Specifically, you will learn how to • Create and write data to text files • Open and process data stored in text files • Copy, move, and delete files and ... chapter, you’ll learn how to work with and administer Windows files and folders, including storing data in reports and creating log files. You’ll see how to open up and pro- grammatically read the contents ... suit and number, add additional logic to ensure that the same card is not used twice in the same hand. 4. Add scorekeeping logic to the BlackJack Lite game, and display the number of won and

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 18:20

... Registry to Configure Script Settings.” HINT TRAP 253 Chapter 8 • Storing and Retrieving Data 254 Microsoft WSH and VBScript Programming for the Absolute Beginner, Second Edition INI File Structure ... Chapter 8 • Storing and Retrieving Data Figure 8.10 The INI file used by the INIDemo.vbs script contains a single section made up of two key=value pairs. 256 Microsoft WSH and VBScript Programming for ... player to specify the number of lottery numbers to be generated. • GetRandomNumber() . Generates random lottery numbers. • ProcessRandomNumber() . Makes sure that duplicate lottery numbers are not

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 18:20

... modifying the orig- inal Hangman game, you’ll have a basic understanding of the Windows Registry and what it means to access and modify its contents. You will also know how to retrieve data stored ... Microsoft WSH and VBScript Programming for the Absolute Beginner, Second Edition As you can see, the Registry is used to store information regarding just about every aspect of the computer and its ... HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG and HKEY_USERS). Understanding How Data Is Stored in the Registry Data stored in the Windows Registry is organized into a hierarchy. This hierarchy consists of keys and values. A

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 18:20

... information about itself and its author. 354 Microsoft WSH and VBScript Programming for the Absolute Beginner, Second Edition Table 11.1 displays a list of VBScript’s built-in objects and provides a description ... Microsoft WSH and VBScript Programming for the Absolute Beginner, Second Edition Defining Object Properties and Methods Within the Class End Class statements, variables, properties, and methods ... the terms have been accepted and prompting the user to accept the terms again if they have not been accepted yet. 4. Create and store a variable in the Registry and modify Hangman.vbs to increment

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 18:20

... stage number and α ∈{0, 1} k is the position of the node in the stage. The connection between neighboring stages i and i +1for 0 ≤ i < k is defined as follows: Two nodes (α, i) and (α  , i ... as follows: Two nodes (α, i) and (α  , i + 1) are connected if and only if 1. α and α  are identical (straight edge) or 2. α and α  differ in precisely the (i + 1)th bit from the left (cross ... Moreover, RGC k i (x i ) and RGC k i (y i ) differ in exactly one bit position. Thus, the hypercube nodes s 1 s 2 s d and t 1 t 2 t d also differ in exactly one bit position and are therefore connected...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 16:20

... DARPA HPCS Programming Languages In the context of the DARPA HPCS (High Productivity Computing Systems)pro- gram, new programming languages have been proposed and implemented, which support programming ... that parallel programming with processes or threads is difficult and is a big step for programmers used to sequential programming [114]. It is often mentioned that, for example, thread programming ... 147 The use of transactions for parallel programming is an active area of research and the techniques developed are currently not available in standard programming lan- guages. But transactional...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 16:21

... work-sharing constructs, and synchronization constructs. The use of shared and private data is supported. The library routines and the environmental variable control the runtime system. The OpenMP standard ... routines, and environmental variables. The compiler direc- tives can be used to extend the sequential languages Fortran, C, and C++ with single program multiple data (SPMD) constructs, tasking constructs, ... Version 4.2 of GCC and newer versions support OpenMP; the option -fopenmp has to be used. Intel’s C++ com- piler Version 8 and newer versions also support the OpenMP standard and provide additional...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 16:21

... on this storage scheme. The storage scheme uses two arrays Nonzero and Row of length nz and three arrays StartColumn, StartRow, and Supernode of length n. The array Nonzero contains the values ... coefficient matrix A = (a ij ) ∈ R n×n is symmetric and positive definite, i.e., if a ij = a ji and x T Ax > 0 for all x ∈ R n with x = 0. For a symmetric and positive definite n × n matrix A ∈ R n×n there ... reduction operation op on p processors and message size m.The computation of the local scalar products with n/ p components requires n/ p multi- plications and n/p −1 additions. The distribution...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 16:21