programming embedded systems in c and gnu development tools pdf

... language's creators In fact, Kernighan and Ritchie included the following comment in the opening pages of their book The C Programming Language : - 18 - Programming Embedded Systems in C and C+ + C is ... point is reached So the next thing - 43 - Programming Embedded Systems in C and C+ + you should see is the C source code for main, with a cursor indicating that the embedded processor's instruction ... actual commands: bcc -c -v -ml -1 led .c bcc -c -v -ml -1 blink .c Of course, these commands will work only if the bcc.exe program is in your PATH and the two source files are in the current directory...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 13:20

... more of the criteria are linked For example, increases in processing power could lead to increased production costs Conversely, we might imagine that the same increase in processing power would ... readers in mind The first reader is a beginner-much as I was when I graduated from college She has a background in computer science or engineering and a few years of programming experience The beginner ... through Chapter 10 and discusses advanced topics that are of interest to inexperienced and experienced embedded programmers alike These chapters are mostly self-contained and can be read in any...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... #define TCUCON (PCB_BASE + 0x12) #define #define #define #define T0CNT T0CMPA T0CMPB T0CON (PCB_BASE (PCB_BASE (PCB_BASE (PCB_BASE + + + + 0x30) 0x32) 0x34) 0x36) #define #define #define #define ... #define T1CNT T1CMPA T1CMPB T1CON (PCB_BASE (PCB_BASE (PCB_BASE (PCB_BASE + + + + 0x38) 0x3A) 0x 3C) 0x3E) #define T2CNT #define T2CMPA #define T2CON /* * Programmable */ #define P1DIR #define P1PIN ... specifically for use in embedded systems Microcontrollers typically include a CPU, memory (a small amount of RAM, ROM, or both), and other peripherals in the same integrated circuit If you purchase...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... well in practice 6.3.2 Cyclic Redundancy Codes A cyclic redundancy code (CRC) is a specific checksum algorithm that is designed to detect the most common data errors The theory behind the CRC is ... device being verified This makes insertion of the checksum easy-just compute the checksum and insert it into the memory image prior to programming the memory device When you recalculate the checksum, ... detect catastrophic memory failures without specifically looking for them So let's discuss circuit board problems in more detail 6.2.1.1 Electrical wiring problems An electrical wiring problem could...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... to access them from C or C+ + Such registers are accessible only with the help of special machine-language instructions And these processor-specific instructions are not supported by the C or C+ + ... Description: Compute the CRC checksum of a binary message block * * Notes: This function expects that crcInit() has been called * first to initialize the CRC lookup table * * Returns: The CRC ... methods is called installHandler, and its job is to insert an interrupt service routine into the interrupt vector table This class also includes a global data structure called PCB that can be overlaid...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... maintains a bit of information about each task Operating systems written in C often keep this information in a data structure called the task control block However, ADEOS is written in C+ + and ... the routines contextInit and os.readyList.insert The contextInit routine establishes the initial context for a task This routine is necessarily processor-specific and, therefore, written in assembly ... 8.2.3 Context Switch The actual process of changing from one task to another is called a context switch Because contexts are processorspecific, so is the code that implements the context switch...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... class includes four methods-putchar,[3] puts, getchar, and gets -for sending characters and strings of characters and receiving the same These routines are defined exactly as they would be in any ... ensure that the SCC transmit engine is running, and return success The puts method makes a series of calls to putchar, one for each character in the string and then adds a newline character at the ... Pieces of code that access shared resources contain critical sections We've already seen something similar inside the operating system There, we simply disabled interrupts during the critical...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... Of course, not everything introduced in C+ + is expensive Many older C+ + compilers incorporate a technology called C- front that turns C+ + programs into C and feeds the result into a standard C compiler ... http://www.arcomcontrols.com/ A ASIC Application-Specific Integrated Circuit A piece of custom-designed hardware in a chip address bus A set of electrical lines connected to the processor and all of the ... engineering practice dictates against the use of this technique But in a pinch, goto statements can be used to remove complicated control structures or to share a block of oft repeated code In...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... have special I/O space instructions called in and out Contrast with memory space < BACK CONTINUE > L linker A software development tool that accepts one or more object files as input and outputs ... microcontroller is very similar to a microprocessor The main difference is that a microcontroller is designed specifically for use in embedded systems Microcontrollers typically include a CPU, ... interrupts, and a periodic clock tick The operating system is responsible for deciding which task should be using the processor at a given time and for controlling access to shared resources oscilloscope...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... designed specifically for use in real-time systems race condition A situation in which the outcome of a program can be affected by the exact order in which the instructions are executed Race conditions ... articles and columns and was an indispensable reference in the creation of this book More information is available at http://www .embedded. com/cd.htm Embedded Systems Conference A technical conference ... others CPU Info Center (http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/CIC/) Tons of information about new and old processors alike Includes a section specifically about common embedded processors CRC Pitstop (http://www.ross.net/crc/)...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 10:21

... a plant Embedded computing systems function in a discrete-time manner Input/output devices such as DACs and ADCs are the interfaces between a continuous-time plant and a discrete-time controller ... past, mechanical or electrical hardware components performed most control functions in technological systems When hardware solutions were insufficient, continuous human participation in the control ... design: controller structure selection and parameter specification, develop control system performance specifications, understand the concept of system stability, and describe the principal steps involved...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 14:09

... LCD,ADC AND SENSORS LCD and Keyboard Interfacing 8051 Interfacing with 8255 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Using Assembly and C Mazidi, Mazidi and McKinlay ... Timer/Counter Programming in Assembly and C 8051 Serial Port Programming in Assembly and C Interrupts Programming in Assembly and C 8051 Interfacing to External Memory 8051 Real World Interfacing ... Numbering and coding systems Digital primer Inside the computer Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng Kung University, TAIWAN NUMBERING AND CODING SYSTEMS Decimal...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2013, 19:10

... on specific chapters, including David McCauley, Hugh Possingham, Shane Richards, Colette St Mary, and Peter Turchin Durham, North Carolina January 2000 W.G Wilson Introduction Programming components ... understand ecological dynamics by comparing and contrasting deterministic and stochastic modeling frameworks These three concurrent goals are reflected in the book, which serves much like a workbook ... Simulating Ecological and Evolutionary Systems in C Many recent advances in theoretical ecology and evolution have been made by bringing together biological, mathematical, and computational approaches,...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 14:14

... 8.11.8 Adding/removing a check mark on a menu command: xlfCheckCommand 8.11.9 Enabling/disabling a custom command or menu: xlfEnableCommand 8.11.10 Changing a menu command name: xlfRenameCommand 8.11.11 ... Initialising and un-initialising COM 9.5.2 Getting Excel to recalculate worksheets using COM 9.5.3 Calling user-defined commands using COM 9.5.4 Calling user-defined functions using COM 9.5.5 Calling XLM ... additional functionality such as the Solver add -in Add-ins come in two main flavours: interpreted macros and compiled code resources Version of Excel introduced macro sheets which could contain macros...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... to include in a function Section 3.8 on page 71 includes a VB-speci c discussion of the differences between commands and functions Sections 2.8 Commands versus functions in Excel, on page 19, and ... ADD-INS 3.6.1 Declaring DLL functions in VB Both functions and commands written in C/ C++ (or other languages where code is compiled to a Win32 DLL) can be accessed directly in VB using the Declare ... but can only be called by command code or other function in that code object, and definitely not from the worksheet Commands within the project can also call the project’s functions including...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... concepts of commands and functions in VBA are summarised in the Table 3.10 Table 3.10 Commands versus functions in VBA Commands Functions Purpose Code containing instructions to be executed in ... arg); Creating a 32-bit Windows (Win32) DLL Using VC 6.0 or VS NET 79 4.6 FUNCTION CALLING CONVENTIONS: cdecl, stdcall, fastcall The Microsoft-speci c keyword modifiers, cdecl, stdcall and fastcall, ... inspected, the step-by-step execution of code, etc Without getting into the details of the VC user interface, the Build menu contains the commands for compiling and linking the DLL and changing...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... xlopers and conversion to and from C/ C++ types 6.5 CONVERTING BETWEEN xlopers AND C/ C++ DATA TYPES The need to convert arguments and return values can, in many cases, be avoided by declaring functions ... simple class to this is, in itself, a helpful exercise in understanding xloper use, in particular the management of memory The class code that follows is 122 Excel Add -in Development in C/ C++ intentionally ... below Of particular importance is the Excel C API function xlCoerce This function, accessed via the C API interface function Excel4(), attempts Passing Data between Excel and the DLL 127 to return...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20

... a null-terminated C string 1F Take a null-terminated C string and modify it in- place (continued overleaf ) 188 Excel Add -in Development in C/ C++ Table 8.10 (continued ) Calling specifier (3rd ... 8.1.1 Commands, worksheet functions and macro sheet functions Excel recognises three different categories of function: Commands Accessing Excel Functionality Using the C API 171 Macro sheet functions ... call Excel in such cases, including how to get Excel to call into the DLL again in such a way that the C API is available 8.5 REGISTERING AND UN-REGISTERING DLL (XLL) FUNCTIONS Registering functions...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:20