... ProgrammingEmbeddedSystemsinCand C+ + - 44 - you should see is the C source code for main, with a cursor indicating that the embedded processor's instruction pointer is at the entry point ... of blinking the LED simply changes its state once, it could be that you forgot to wrap the calls to toggleLed and delay in an infinite loop. ProgrammingEmbeddedSystemsinCand C+ + - ... from occurring. So, all of these potential failure points and many others had to be eliminated by ProgrammingEmbeddedSystemsinCand C+ + - 3 - Chapter 7. Peripherals 93 7.1 Control and...
... seriously. In some cases, two or more of the criteria are linked. For example,increases in processing power could lead to increased production costs. Conversely, we might imagine that the sameincrease ... for use in a line of business calculators produced by the Japanese company Busicom. In 1969, Busicomasked Intel to design a set of custom integrated circuits-one for each of their new calculator ... users. In this chapter, I'llexplain what embeddedsystems are and where they are found. I will also introduce the subject of embedded programming, explain why I have selected Cand C+ + as...
... device. Both of thesesolutions work very well in practice.6.3.2 Cyclic Redundancy CodesA cyclic redundancy code (CRC) is a specific checksum algorithm that is designed to detect the most common ... off having some way to confirm that the device is working and that the data it containsis valid. That's where checksums and cyclic redundancy codes come in. 6.3.1 ChecksumsHow can we tell ... device being verified. This makes insertion of the checksum easy-just compute thechecksum and insert it into the memory image prior to programming the memory device. When you recalculate thechecksum,...
... remainder; }} /* crcInit() */Finally, we arrive at the actual workhorse routine, crcCompute. This is a routine that you can call over and overfrom your application to compute and verify CRC checksums. ... checksums. An additional benefit of splitting the computationbetween crcInit and crcCompute is that the crcInit function need not be executed on the embedded system. Instead,this function can ... containedwithin the 80188EB processor. I have chosen to implement this driver -and all of the remaining examples in thebook -in C+ +. Although C+ + offers no additional assistance over Cin accessing...
... the routines contextInit and os.readyList.insert. The contextInit routine establishes the initialcontext for a task. This routine is necessarily processor-specific and, therefore, written in assembly ... system.8.2.3 Context SwitchThe actual process of changing from one task to another is called a context switch. Because contexts are processor-specific, so is the code that implements the context switch. ... Priority p, int stackSize){ stackSize /= sizeof(int); // Convert bytes to words. Application Programming InterfacesOne of the most annoying things about embedded operating systems is their lack of...
... constructor. This routine is responsible for initializing the three private datamembers and configuring the requested data channel within the SCC hardware:#include "scc.h"static SCC scc;/********************************************************************** ... execute during that interval. So we want and need a mechanism to protect critical sectionswithin tasks without disabling interrupts. And mutexes provide that mechanism.Deadlock and Priority InversionMutexes ... one simple embedded operating system. Its basic elements arethe scheduler and scheduling points, context switch routine, definition of a task, and a mechanism for intertaskcommunication. Every...
... of other communicationprotocols.Here's how the SCC class is actually defined:#include "circbuf.h"class SCC{ public: SCC(); void reset(int channel); void init(int channel, ... course, not everything introduced in C+ + is expensive. Many older C+ + compilers incorporate a technologycalled C- front that turns C+ + programs into Cand feeds the result into a standard C compiler. ... engineering practice dictates against the use of thistechnique. But in a pinch, goto statements can be used to remove complicated controlstructures or to share a block of oft repeated code. In...
... debugging tools.< BACK CONTINUE > C CISCComplex Instruction Set Computer. Describes the architecture of a processor family. CISC processors generallyfeature variable-length instructions and ... space can beaccessed only via special instructions. For example, processors in the 80x86 family havespecial I/O space instructions called inand out. Contrast with memory space.< BACK CONTINUE ... function calls, or software interrupts, and a periodic clock tick. The operatingsystem is responsible for deciding which task should be using the processor at a given time and for controlling...
... channels.Distinctive covers complement our distinctive approach to technical topics, breathing personality and life intopotentially dry subjects.The insects on the cover of ProgrammingEmbeddedSystems ... Internet resources and brought them all together in one place. Embedded Intel Architecture (http://www.intel.com/design/intarch/)Intel's home page for their embedded processor line, including ... best maintained and it has links to many of the others.CPU Info Center (http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/CIC/)Tons of information about new and old processors alike. Includes a section specifically...
... points in time.I/O Between Discrete-Time Systemsand Continuous-Time Systems A class of I/O devices interfaces discrete-time embedded controllers with continuous plants by performing direct conversions ... placement design methodUsing the Linear Quadratic Regulator and Kalman Filter optimal design methodsImplementing and testing discrete-time floating-point and fixed-point controllers inCand C+ +Adding ... understanding the input and results of each technique, without requiring a deep understanding of the mathematical basis for the method.As the applications of embedded computing expand, an increasing...
... .NET, and click New Project. Then type in a name and location for your project (Figure 1.2).Select the Visual Basic Windows application or Visual C# Windowsapplication, depending on which language ... Symmetric encryption 2188.6.1 Using 3DES as symmetric encryption 2188.7 Piracy protection 2248.8 Conclusion 225 9 Controlling User Access: Authentication and Authorization 227 9.1 Introduction ... 2369.6 Certificates 2369.7 Server certificates 2389.8 Client certificates 2399.8.1 Microsoft Certificate Services 2409.8.2 Reading certificates 2419.9 Permissions in .NET 2449.10 Financial network...