programming 3d graphics with opengl
Mobile 3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G
Ngày tải lên :
03/11/2012, 11:23
... 1.2 What is the OpenGL Graphics System? 1.3 Programmer’s View of OpenGL 1.4 Implementor’s View of OpenGL 1.5 Our View OpenGL Operation 2.1 OpenGL Fundamentals ... with the essentials of computer graphics algorithms as well as familiarity with basic graphics hardware and associated terms 1.1 Formatting of Optional Features Starting with version 1.2 of OpenGL, ... typeset against a gray background 1.2 What is the OpenGL Graphics System? OpenGL (for “Open Graphics Library”) is a software interface to graphics hardware The interface consists of a set of...
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morgan kaufmann mobile 3d graphics with opengl es and m3g - morgan kaufmann
Ngày tải lên :
28/04/2014, 15:49
... real-time 3D graphics applications for mobile devices We assume the reader has some background in mathematics, programming, and computer graphics, but not necessarily in mobile devices The 3D graphics ... devices through a fairly uniform programming platform It offers sufficient programming interfaces for most multimedia needs, 3D graphics included; the Mobile 3D Graphics API for Java ME (M3G) is ... standard2 from the Khronos Group With regards to the 3D graphics capability, most mobile operating system vendors have selected OpenGL ES as their native 3D programming API There still exist...
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3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G- P1 pps
Ngày tải lên :
03/07/2014, 11:20
... Mobile 3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G This page intentionally left blank Mobile 3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G Kari Pulli Tomi Aarnio Ville Miettinen ... Profiles and Versions OpenGL ES 1.0 in a Nutshell New Features in OpenGL ES 1.1 Extension Mechanism OpenGL ES Extension Pack Utility APIs Conventions Hello, OpenGL ES! CHAPTER OPENGL ES TRANSFORMATION ... Fighting the Fragmentation Design Principles OpenGL ES M3G Related Standards 12 14 18 19 21 ANATOMY OF A GRAPHICS ENGINE CHAPTER LINEAR ALGEBRA FOR 3D GRAPHICS 27 2.1 27 Coordinate Systems 2.1.1...
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3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G- P2 pps
Ngày tải lên :
03/07/2014, 11:20
... real-time 3D graphics applications for mobile devices We assume the reader has some background in mathematics, programming, and computer graphics, but not necessarily in mobile devices The 3D graphics ... Cityman, Nokia 3410 (the first GSM phone with a 3D graphics engine), Nokia 6630 (the first phone to support both OpenGL ES and M3G), and Nokia N93 (the first phone with hardware acceleration for both ... for OpenGL ES He also adapted the OpenGL sample implementation for OpenGL ES Aaftab (Affie) Munshi became the editor after David left the Khronos Group to become the head architect of Direct 3D...
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3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G- P3 pps
Ngày tải lên :
03/07/2014, 11:20
... devices through a fairly uniform programming platform It offers sufficient programming interfaces for most multimedia needs, 3D graphics included; the Mobile 3D Graphics API for Java ME (M3G) is ... standard2 from the Khronos Group With regards to the 3D graphics capability, most mobile operating system vendors have selected OpenGL ES as their native 3D programming API There still exist ... of it, with an authoring tool chain for Autodesk 3ds Max The phone shipped with animated 3D text strings, downloadable screensaver animations, and a built-in Java game that used simple 3D graphics...
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3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G- P4 doc
Ngày tải lên :
03/07/2014, 11:20
... capabilities made possible by OpenGL ES 2.0 Images copyright c AMD (See the color plate.) 1.3.3 OPENGL ES OpenGL ES is a compact version of the well-known OpenGL graphics standard It is a low-level ... traditional fixed-function graphics pipeline with programmable vertex and fragment shaders, and is therefore not backward-compatible with the 1.x series The 1.x and 2.x generations of OpenGL ES continue ... providing 3D graphics capabilities to the entire range of embedded devices from wristwatches to smart phones, modern games consoles, and beyond All OpenGL ES 2.x devices are expected to ship with...
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3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G- P5 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
03/07/2014, 11:20
... I ANATOMY OF A GRAPHICS ENGINE This page intentionally left blank CHAPTER LINEAR ALGEBRA FOR 3D GRAPHICS This chapter is about the coordinate systems and transformations that 3D objects undergo ... transposition produces a matrix LINEAR ALGEBRA FOR 3D GRAPHICS 32 that is mirrored with respect to the diagonal: MT = [mji ], that is, columns are switched with rows 2.2.1 MATRIX PRODUCTS A matrix times ... coordinate system (that of the room) 2.1.1 VECTORS AND POINTS A 3D point is a location in space, in a 3D coordinate system We can find a point p with coordinates px py pz by starting from the origin (at...
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3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G- P6 pot
Ngày tải lên :
03/07/2014, 11:20
... pop_matrix() # final pop to restore coordinate axes as they were LINEAR ALGEBRA FOR 3D GRAPHICS 42 By calling this routine with different values of (x,y), angle_1 and angle_2 it is possible to move and ... interpolate, they are usually preferred over Euler angles for rotations in computer graphics A quaternion is a 4D imaginary number with three imaginary components and one real component q = xi + yj + zk ... the inverse of a rotation equals its transpose, that is, R −1 = RT (2.23) LINEAR ALGEBRA FOR 3D GRAPHICS 38 Whereas translation and rotation are so-called rigid transformations, that is, they...
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3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G- P7 ppsx
Ngày tải lên :
03/07/2014, 11:20
... likelihood of z-fighting grows with the far/near ratio, with coarser display and depth buffer resolution, with increasing field of view and distance from the camera, and with increasing distance from ... cube are rendered with slightly different transformations LINEAR ALGEBRA FOR 3D GRAPHICS 48 However, we often want a window that is not square, and sometimes not even centered with respect to ... operation and cannot therefore be expressed with matrices However, the conversion 50 LINEAR ALGEBRA FOR 3D GRAPHICS of homogeneous coordinates to 3D by dividing by the w component allows us to...
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3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G- P8 doc
Ngày tải lên :
03/07/2014, 11:20
... cylinder—which would still be real 3D entities OpenGL defines points and lines as mixed 2D /3D entities, where the location of a point or line end points are true 3D entities, but after they are projected ... LOW-LEVEL RENDERING This chapter describes the traditional low-level 3D pipeline as it has been defined in OpenGL A diagram of the OpenGL ES pipeline in Figure 3.1 shows how various pipeline components ... buffer without any scaling or blending operations Another advantage is that obtaining raster images can be easy One can draw the images with an image-editing program, or one can take photos with...
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3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G- P9 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
03/07/2014, 11:20
... permeates the whole scene without any directional preference Assuming we have ambient light Ia with red, green, blue, and alpha components, and a surface material ka with the same components, ... less expensive to calculate than the reflection vector r, and since h makes the angle θ/2 with the normal n, OpenGL uses h · n to calculate the specular drop-off term Notice that as opposed to the ... light to a given surface area than if the same light source were nearby OpenGL models attenuation of light due to distance with att = 1/(kc + kl d + kq d2 ), where kc stands for the constant coefficient,...
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3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G- P10 docx
Ngày tải lên :
03/07/2014, 11:20
... texels, which is quite a lot for software engines without dedicated texture units, so the mobile 3D APIs allow approximating full trilinear filtering with a bilinear filtering at the closest mipmap ... Multitexturing A 3D engine may have several texturing units, each with its own texture data format, function, matrix, and so on By default, the input fragment color is successively combined with each ... somewhat distorted a volume However, 3D texture data requires a lot of memory at runtime, more than is usually available on mobile devices, and thus the mobile 3D APIs only support 2D texture maps...
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3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G- P11 potx
Ngày tải lên :
03/07/2014, 11:20
... At its simplest, one can initialize the stencil buffer with zeros, paint an arbitrary pattern with ones, and then with NOTEQUAL draw only within the stencil pattern However, if the stencil pattern ... are other sources of aliasing in 3D graphics beyond polygon rasterization They can also usually be remedied by denser sampling followed by filtering, as is done with pixels in FSAA Examples of ... displayed, as well as the illumination surrounding the monitor, most 3D graphics APIs not precisely define an antialiasing algorithm In our graphics pipeline diagram (Figure 3.1), antialiasing relates...
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3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G- P12 pps
Ngày tải lên :
03/07/2014, 11:20
... operations, or logic ops for short, are the last processing stage of the OpenGL graphics pipeline They are mutually exclusive with blending With logic ops, the source and destination pixel data are considered ... surfaces in the system, such as 3D rendering surfaces and native OS graphics Inside the GPU a command processor processes the commands coming from the CPU to the 2D or 3D graphics subsystems, which ... draw a cursor without having to store the background behind the cursor If one draws the cursor shape with XOR, then another XOR will erase it, reinstating the original background OpenGL ES 1.0...
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3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G- P13 pot
Ngày tải lên :
03/07/2014, 11:20
... Animation is what ultimately breathes life into 3D graphics While still images can be nice as such, most applications involve objects moving and interacting with each other and the user, or scenes in ... predefined motions in computer graphics The term originates from cartoons, where the senior animator would first draw the most important “key” frames describing the main poses within an animation sequence ... s, derived from time t, to give our position within the segment: the value of s shall be at keyframe a and increase linearly to at keyframe b Armed with this information, we can begin looking...
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3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G- P14 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
03/07/2014, 11:20
... single 3D object may be useful in a demo or a tutorial, but to create something more exciting you will need a number of 3D objects in a particular spatial and logical arrangement—a 3D scene 3D scenes ... not already a 3D guru with in-depth knowledge of all the software and hardware configurations that your application is supposed to be running on In this chapter, we take a look at how 3D objects ... MESHES A 3D object combines geometric primitives and rendering state into a self-contained visual entity that is easier to animate and interact with than the low-level bits and pieces are 3D objects...
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3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G- P15 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
03/07/2014, 11:20
... and spot lights They are modeled after the OpenGL lighting equation 5.3 RETAINED MODE RENDERING Retained mode refers to a programming paradigm for 3D graphics where a persistent representation ... (FBOs) This trend of moving more and more data into graphics memory—the “server side” in OpenGL parlance—is still ongoing with, e.g., Direct3D 10 adding State Objects [Bly06] M3G was designed ... the application point of view, and difficult to optimize from the OpenGL driver point of view.1 Later versions of OpenGL, and OpenGL ES even more so, have departed from their pure immediate-mode...
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3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G- P16 pot
Ngày tải lên :
03/07/2014, 11:20
... approximate graphics processing performance of a device However, they may not pinpoint individual bottlenecks that may ruin the performance of a particular application Performance problems of a 3D graphics ... 6.2.4 PROFILING OPENGL ES APPLICATIONS Before optimizing your code you should always clean it up This means that you should first fix all graphics- related errors, i.e., make sure no OpenGL ES errors ... performance counters, and OpenGL ES function call history It allows adding breakpoints on OpenGL ES commands, forcing the application’s raster mode and render target, and breaking on OpenGL ES errors...
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3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G- P17 pot
Ngày tải lên :
03/07/2014, 11:20
... cumbersome, for example when combining application code with third-party middleware libraries that communicate directly with the underlying OpenGL ES or M3G layers If for some reason dynamic state ... access the same graphics resources For example, you may be tempted to mix 2D and 3D functionality provided by different APIs This is more than likely to be extremely slow, as the entire 3D pipeline ... the graphics driver, e.g., the application should know whether a particular light source is enabled or not Dynamic queries should only be utilized when keeping an up-to-date copy of the graphics...
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3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G- P18 ppt
Ngày tải lên :
03/07/2014, 11:20
... mobile media standards The OpenGL ES working group was the first such group Over time it has created several versions of a compact 3D graphics API (OpenGL ES stands for OpenGL for Embedded Systems) ... versions of the API In other words, OpenGL ES 1.1 is backward-compatible with OpenGL ES 1.0, while 2.0 is not compatible with any of the 1.x versions (though OpenGL ES 2.0 is still similar enough ... implementations of OpenGL ES to fit into a very small amount of code Indeed, there exist implementations of OpenGL ES 1.0 with footprints of less than 50kB of binary code The working group chose OpenGL 1.3...
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