principles of mechanical ventilation

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... of mechanical ventilation But most authors seem to put the cart before the horse In this book, I have tried to present the underlying concepts of mechanical ventilation from the perspective of ... www.VentWorld.com; 2001 -1- Mechanical Ventilation The level of ventilation can be monitored by measuring the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood For a given level of carbon dioxide produced ... source of energy to drive the device, a control system to regulate the timing and size of breaths, and a means of monitoring the performance of the device and the condition of the patient Types of...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 09:20

... period Thus, we performed a study of pulmonary physiologic variables in a cohort of patients who survived more than days of mechanical ventilation The objectives of this study were two-fold First, ... ml/cm H2O (Table 1) The average duration of mechanical ventilation for the entire cohort was 21.4 ± 25.1 days There was no difference in duration of mechanical ventilation between survivors and non-survivors ... duration of mechanical ventilation in ALI between and 16 days, suggesting that a large proportion of patients with ALI are alive and mechanically ventilated days after the diagnosis of ALI [13-15]...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 13:22

... recorded independently of the central circulatory effects of ventilation Further course Neither high-frequency ventilation nor nitric oxide was available for the patient at the time of the study The ... the immediate haemodynamic effect of mechanical ventilation can considerably affect oxygen delivery This has been evaluated mainly invasively or by a combination of non-invasive and invasive measurements ... effects of mechanical ventilation in infants have concerned airway pressure, especially PEEP, and its effect on circulation [2,4,7] It is still uncommon to evaluate the LV circulatory effects of altered...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... conflicting evidence regarding whether the timing of tracheostomy alters the duration of mechanical ventilation or extent of airway injury [21] This paucity of data should not lead us to make definitive ... receive tracheostomy to reduce the length of ICU stay and the likelihood of pulmonary complications Con: Tracheostomy is not ideal for withdrawal of mechanical ventilation in severe neurological impairment ... because of the low rate of successful extubation, and that a that tracheostomy should be performed on day because of the low probability of subsequent extubation or in-hospital death Selection of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:20

... groups [17] However, the duration of mechanical ventilation was relatively short The context-sensitive half-time of remifentanil is constant and independent of duration of drug administration when ... significantly decreases the duration of mechanical ventilation and of weaning It is sedative sparing and has a very rapid offset even after a 10-day infusion, with no evidence of accumulation Remifentanil ... regimes Key messages • The use of remifentanil-based analgesia and sedation significantly reduced the duration of mechanical ventilation • Weaning patients from mechanical ventilation can be achieved...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... variability (CV of less than 10% for 95% of the data and CV of less than 5% for 80% of the data) Furthermore, the lack of randomization did not create a notable effect as assessed by analysis of the subgroups ... Validation of the capability of VRI technology to track changes in lung airflow and of the effect of different VT values on lung vibration is demonstrated in several subjects Some of the results ... to moderate mechanical ventilatory support (peak airway pressure of less than or equal to 30 cm H2O, PEEP of less than or equal to cm H2O, FiO2 of less than or equal to 0.5, and RR of less than...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:20

... measurements, service/repair of defects of the only metabolic monitor available, and withdrawal of treatment because of poor prognosis The study was approved by the ethics committee of the VU University ... period of mechanical ventilation In this way patients could be categorized into four groups according to whether energy and protein goals were reached or not reached Determination of adequacy of ... comparison of the groups that reached the protein goal or not, irrespective of the energy goal, and results of reaching the energy goal or not, irrespective of the protein goal Analysis of the Standardized...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:22

... period of about 30 days The observed association between TwPdi and duration of mechanical ventilation suggests that a major decrease in TwPdi may occur very early, in the first days of mechanical ventilation ... Page of 10 Figure Regression analysis for TwPdi and total duration of mechanical ventilation; cumulative duration of BIPAP/ASB, PSV, and IPPV at the time of measurement; and cumulative dose of ... TwPdi obtained and duration of mechanical ventilation at the time of measurement It is striking that diaphragmatic force appeared to diminish very soon after mechanical ventilation was started in...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 21:20

... minute ventilation over the course of the study period (days on which the patient remained mechanical ventilation to a maximum of 14 days from randomization) The numbers of patients who were mechanically ... require invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours They were excluded if they received mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours prior to enrollment, required mechanical ventilation ... Safety and tolerability Figure Rate of freedom from mechanical ventilation Over the first 28 days among surviving patients, the rate of freedom from mechanical ventilation was higher in patients...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 21:21

... awareness, lack of familiarity with the protocol, lack of agreement, lack of demonstrated safety and efficacy, lack of known improved outcome, lack of ability to overcome the inertia of previous ... benefit of SmartCare/PS™ may vary from one PICU to another as suggested by studies done in adults [16, 36] The major strength of SmartCare/PS™ is the implementation of an ECP for mechanical ventilation ... applicable type of ventilation will be pressure control mode and high frequency oscillatory (HFOV) mode The computerized protocol will start at initiation of ventilation The basic structure of the protocol...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

... LaBree L, Catlin JL: Predictors of weaning after weeks of mechanical ventilation Chest 1995, 107:500-505 Cohen IL, Booth FVM: Cost containment and mechanical ventilation in the United States ... http://ccforum.com/ of 686 respiratory failure patients developed concurrent renal failure in the ICU, with a mortality of 80% [12] We found an overall weaning success rate of 8% for patients with concurrent mechanical ... newer methods of RRT, such as the use of biocompatible membranes and continuous RRT techniques [16,17] Relative reduction in risk of death, however, is expected to be low in view of the multiple...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... and methods For the administration of NO during mechanical ventilation we used a prototype of the Servo 300 NO-A With this device, NO is added into the part of the inspiratory circuit which is ... analysis Using the pressure controlled mode of mechanical ventilation, NO was administered in increasing doses of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 ppm into an FiO2 of 0.21, without any humidifier mounted into ... proportion to flow Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the NO and NO2 concentrations along the inspiratory limb of the respiratory tubing during mechanical ventilation and NO inhalation For...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... become the standard of care for reactive airway disease and asthma However, some patients fail to respond to aggressive therapy and require mechanical ventilation Mechanical ventilation may result ... the decreasing turbulence of bulk gas flow with heliox during mechanical ventilation In mechanically ventilated patients with severe bronchospasm, the improvement in ventilation during heliox ... persistent during heliox ventilation Although the pediatric porcine model of independent mechanical ventilation and methacholine-induced bronchospasm used in this study is unique and offers many strengths,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... Abbreviations: AC, assist/control ventilation; AMV, assisted mechanical ventilation; CMV, controlled mechanical ventilation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; ... AMV, assisted mechanical ventilation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; PC, pressure-controlled ventilation; PS, pressure-support ventilation; SIMV, ... registered the mode of MV, tidal volume, respiratory rate, minute volume, fraction of inspired oxygen and system of humidification The time interval between the initiation of MV and the study...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:21

... duration of mechanical ventilation of identifying patients capable of breathing spontaneously N Engl J Med 1996, 335:1864-1869 Horst HM, Mouro D, Hall-Jenssens RA, Pamukov N: Decrease in ventilation ... within groups (Table 1) Duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit length of stay All patients were under volume-assisted controlled or pressure support ventilation before entering ... weaning procedure allowed reduction in the overall duration of mechanical ventilation, whatever the patient's diagnosis The overall mechanical ventilation duration was 16.6 ± 13 days in cases and 22.5...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:21

... group; IADL, instrumental activity of daily living Figure of follow up Hazard ratios for prolonged mechanical ventilation status over one year of follow up Plot of hazard ratios (solid line) and ... resourceintensive patient group than a definition of ≥ 21 days of mechanical ventilation; and patients with PMV have higher mortality rates, worse quality of life, and greater functional limitations ... short-term ventilation and DRG 541/ 542;†P < 0.05 for comparison between short-term ventilation and ventilation ≥ 21 days DRG, diagnosis related group; ICU, intensive care unit; MV, mechanical ventilation...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:20

... 883 Number of animals Weight (kg) Duration of mechanical ventilation (minutes) Ventilation for inoculation (minutes) NS 144 ± 43 Ventilation for sacrifice (minutes) 28 ± 8±6 Inoculum of Escherichia ... prolonged mechanical ventilation Therefore, mechanical ventilation- induced air-space enlargement results in the majority of cases from the interaction between infection and mechanical ventilation ... the extension of lung infection were amplified after 60 hours of mechanical ventilation Finally, lung infection and mechanical ventilation may act synergistically in the genesis of air-space enlargement...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:20

... quality -of- life outcomes of patients requiring >=14 days of mechanical ventilation Crit Care Med 2003, 31:1373-1381 Eddleston JM, White P, Guthrie E: Survival, morbidity, and quality of life ... underestimation of the true burden of disabilities suffered by long-term MV survivors Second, this study, once again like many others evaluating the outcomes of critically ill patients, does not offer ... least 21 days of MV were also considerably higher (US$423,596 versus US$266,105) In addition, the rate of potential ineffective care, which was associated with age, male sex and number of pre-admission...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:20

... patients who survive the first few days of mechanical ventilation, the mortality and prolonged mechanical ventilation may be viewed as different ends of the spectrum of poor prognosis in patients with ... number of patients with ALI reached the combined end-point of death in the hospital or prolonged mechanical ventilation • A simple model consisting of age and cardiopulmonary function on day of mechanical ... the first few days of mechanical ventilation The distinction between patients who die and those who undergo prolonged mechanical ventilation could be related to the preferences of patients and physicians...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 03:21