principles of marketing 14th global edition pdf

... the marketing investment In other words, ROI is a measure of the profits generated by investments in a marketing activity Marketing ROI can be difficult to assess because the benefits of marketing ... outlines the specifics of a marketing strategy for achieving them In addition, action programs for implementing the marketing strategy along with the details of a supporting marketing budget are ... www.easysemester.com 134) Marketing departments are organized in several ways Compare the most common forms of marketing organizations Answer: Some common forms of marketing department organization

Ngày tải lên: 22/04/2016, 12:19

... increases – Principle of Increasing Opportunity Cost 13­37 MC $/agent MB P MBVP MC NV P VP agents # of N P # of POTUS agents $/agent $/agent Secret Service Protection MC MBE N E # of professorial agents ... provided The cost of harm to a President is higher than the cost of harm to a Vice President • • Threat to President is also greater Marginal cost of protection increases as the number of agents increases ... until marginal cost of the vaccination is equal to the marginal benefit of the illnesses prevented 13­35 Immunization Required • A child who is not vaccinated has a risk of contracting the disease

Ngày tải lên: 03/02/2020, 17:21

... Which aspects of the decision are absolutely essential? Which aspects are irrelevant? Abstract representation of key relationships – The Cost-Benefit Principle is a model • • If costs of an action ... Focus in this course is on a short list of powerful ideas – – • Explain many economic issues Predict decisions made in a variety of circumstances Core Principles are the foundation for solving ... 1­7 Economic Surplus • The economic surplus of an action is equal to its benefit minus its costs 1­8 Opportunity Cost • Opportunity cost is the value of what must be foregone in order to undertake

Ngày tải lên: 03/02/2020, 21:27

... any good consists of all the buyers and sellers of the good Buyers and sellers have different motivations – – • Buyers want to benefit from the good Sellers want to make a profit Market price ... Horizontal interpretation of demand: • Demand for Donuts P • $4 • $2 D 16 Q Given price, how much will buyers buy? At a price of $4, the quantity demanded is 8,000 slices/day (000s of pieces/day) 3­9 ... pieces/day) 3­9 Interpreting the Demand Curve – Demand for Donuts P $4 $2 D 16 (000s of pieces/day) Q Vertical interpretation of demand: • Given the quantity to be sold, what price is the marginal consumer

Ngày tải lên: 03/02/2020, 22:08

... interest rates • • Opportunity cost of the investment Value of the marginal product of the capital is its benefit – – – – Net of operating and maintenance expenses and of taxes on revenues generated ... increase benefits Higher price of the output increases benefits 19­31 Investment in Computers • Purchases of new computers and software is more than 2.5% of GDP – • 24% of all private nonresidential ... rate of saving today leads to an improved standard of living in the future 19­5 Capital Gains and Losses • Wealth changes when the value of your assets change – Capital gains increase the value of

Ngày tải lên: 04/02/2020, 00:44

... system improves the allocation of saving to productive uses Discuss the three functions of money and how the money supply is measured Analyze how the lending behavior of commercial banks affects ... financial system improves the allocation of saving: – – Provides information to savers about the possible uses of their funds Help savers share the risks of individual investment projects • Risk ... Thousands of commercial banks accept deposits from individuals and businesses and make loans Banks and other intermediaries specialize in evaluating the quality of borrowers • • • Principle of Comparative

Ngày tải lên: 04/02/2020, 02:56

... Consider costs of inflation 16­3 Measuring the Price Level • • The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of the cost of living during a particular period The CPI measures – – • The cost of a standard ... CPI is the ratio of the cost of the basket of goods in the current year to the cost in the base year – – • Base year cost $680 2018 cost $850 CPI = (850 / 680) (100) = 1.25 Cost of living in 2018 ... cost of inflation Banks process more transactions, increasing costs – another real cost of inflation Costs of managing cash holding are called "shoe leather" costs, referring to the cost of frequent

Ngày tải lên: 04/02/2020, 06:56

... Australia Bank of Canada People’s Bank of China Hong Kong Monetary Authority Bank Indonesia Bank of Japan Bank Negara Malaysia Monetary Authority of Singapore Bank of Korea Bank of England Federal ... bankrupt • Cost the taxpayers hundreds of billions of dollars 23­10 Demand for Money • The marginal cost of holding money is the interest foregone – Most forms of money pay little or no interest ... the quantity of money demanded The higher the level of income, the greater the quantity of money demanded The price level (P) • The higher the price level, the greater the quantity of money demanded

Ngày tải lên: 04/02/2020, 08:24

... the price of the good Demand curves relate the quantity demanded to ALL costs, not just monetary costs 5­3 Law of Demand Law of Demand People less of what they want to as the cost of doing it ... price: the absolute price of a good in terms of dollars – • The price you see on a good in a store Real price: the nominal price of a good relative to the average dollar price of all other goods – ... consumer surplus • • • The first sale generates $5 of consumer surplus – • • Reservation price of $11 minus the price of $6 Selling the second unit has $4 of consumer surplus, and so on Total consumer

Ngày tải lên: 04/02/2020, 08:40

... Constant proportions of production Lemonade example § Cost of production is 14Â at all levels of Q Đ Marginal cost P = 14¢ Quantity 4­33 Determinants of Price Elasticity of Supply 4­34 Gas Prices ... 4­4 Price Elasticity of Demand • Price elasticity of demand is defined as the percentage change in quantity demanded from a 1% change in price – • Measure of responsiveness of quantity demanded ... affect demand Cross-price elasticity of demand is defined as the percentage change in quantity demanded of good A from a percent change in the price of good B Sign of cross-price elasticity shows

Ngày tải lên: 04/02/2020, 09:29

... knowledge of current economic conditions Knowledge of the future path of the economy without policy Precise value of potential output Good control of fiscal and monetary policies Knowledge of how ... than inflation, so nominal rates would be negative A true inflation of zero means measured inflation of about 1% A small amount of inflation makes labor markets work better 25­16 Central Bank Reputation ... insulated from short-term issues are better able to stabilize the economy Indicators of independence are – – – – • Length of appointments to the central bank Whether the central bank's actions are subject

Ngày tải lên: 04/02/2020, 11:31

... Three Kinds of Profit Total Revenue = Explicit Costs + Accounting Profit Total Revenue Explicit Costs Explicit Costs Accounting Profit Economic Profit = Accounting Profit – Normal Profit Normal ... costs are the opportunity costs of the resources supplied by the firm's owners Normal profit is the difference between accounting profit and economic profit – Normal profits keep the resources in ... differences between accounting profit, economic profit, and normal profit Explain the Invisible Hand Theory and show how economic profit and economic loss affect the allocation of resources across industries

Ngày tải lên: 04/02/2020, 12:21

... or ability to spend declines Laid-off workers reduce their spending Insufficient spending to support the normal level of production Conventional economic policy of the 1920s and 1930s would not ... Expenditures • Consumption (C) accounts for two-thirds of total spending – – Powerful determinant of planned aggregate expenditure Includes purchases of goods, services, and consumer durables, but not ... Uncertainty about the state of the economy Downward shift of the PAE line Recessionary gap 22­32 Income-Expenditure Multiplier • The income – expenditure multiplier shows the effect of a one-unit increase

Ngày tải lên: 04/02/2020, 14:10

... cupcakes were produced in 2013 – Market value of output grew faster than the physical volume of output Number of Donuts Price of Donut Number of Cupcakes Price of Cupcake 2009 10 $10 15 $5 2013 20 $12 ... goods for market – – – GDP places a value of zero on all leisure time Opportunity cost of an hour of leisure is your hourly wage Omission of the value of leisure time makes GDP seem smaller 15­28 ... cupcakes) (5) = $350 – • Real GDP doubled between 2009 and 2013 Number of Donuts Price of Donut Number of Cupcakes Price of Cupcake 2009 10 $10 15 $5 2013 20 $12 30 $6 15­25 Observations on Real

Ngày tải lên: 04/02/2020, 14:43

... importance of – – – Immediate possession Best price Post-sales service and support 11­5 The Value of the Middleman • Sales representatives supply information to buyers – • Manufacturers can offer ... credible Akari offers Haruto a six-month warranty on all car defects at the time of purchase • • A warranty for a lemon would cost more than the economic surplus gained Only sellers of good quality ... Dangerous Drivers • Men under 25 years of age pay more than other drivers for auto insurance – Expected cost of insuring a driver depends the probability and size of claims • – Individual assessments

Ngày tải lên: 04/02/2020, 17:28

... study of the motion of material bodies and of the associated forces. The study of motion is called kinematics and involves the use of geometry and the concept of time, whereas the study of the ... vector sum of the external forces acting on a particular set of particles equals the total mass times the acceleration of the centre of mass, irrespective of the individual motion of the separate ... Kinetics of a particle in plane motion, 21 Introduction. Newton’s laws of motion. Units. Types of force. Gravitation. Frames of reference. Systems of particles. Centre of mass. Free-body...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 05:20

... Cost of Capital Principles of Corporate Finance Brealey and Myers Sixth Edition Chapter 2 41 Short Cuts w Sometimes there are shortcuts that make it very easy to calculate the present value of ... Financial Officer Comptroller Treasurer 22 Opportunity Cost of Capital Example You may invest $100,000 today. Depending on the state of the economy, you may get one of three possible cash payoffs: 140,000110,000$80,000Payoff BoomNormalSlumpEconomy 000,110$ 3 000,140000,100000,80 C ... Years FV of $1 10% Simple 10% Compound 20 Rate of Return Rule w Accept investments that offer rates of return in excess of their opportunity cost of capital. Example In the project listed below,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/01/2014, 02:20

... permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Of ce. Table 23.3: Reprinted from the Journal of Food Protection 1993; 56, 1077, with permission of the International ... Dietetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia Stanley H. Zlotkin, MD, PhD Professor, Departments of Paediatrics and of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University ... Nutrition, Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Christine D. Thomson, MHSc, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 16:20

... The Limits of Growth: A Report for the Club of Rome’s Project on the Predicament of Mankind, Universe Books, New York. Mill, J.S. (1964), Principles of Political Economy with Some of Their Applications ... living environment 11 Economics of Environmental Conservation, Second Edition Clement A. Tisdell Professor of Economics, School of Economics, The University of Queensland, Australia Edward Elgar Cheltenham, ... other species, the extinction of many, the severe population reductions of others and erosion of their life-supports plus the demise of many natural bio- systems must currently be of great concern and...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 18:20