principles of marketing 14th edition pdf by philip kotler

Ngày tải lên: 15/08/2013, 14:26

Ngày tải lên: 17/08/2013, 09:20

... pound of potatoes costs the rancher 8 pounds of meat, 1 pound of meat costs the rancher 1/8 pound of potatoes. Similarly, because 1 pound of potatoes costs the farmer 1/2 pound of meat, 1 pound of ... opportunity cost of producing 1 pound of meat is 2 pounds of potatoes. Explain why the rancher’s opportunity cost of producing 1 pound of meat is 1/8 pound of potatoes. 2. Maria can read 20 pages of economics ... The rancher buys 1 pound of potatoes for a price of 3 pounds of meat. This price of potatoes is lower than her opportunity cost of 1 pound of potatoes, which is 8 pounds of meat. Thus, the rancher...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 11:15

... quantity of ice cream you are willing to produce and offer for sale? Here are some possible answers. Price The price of ice cream is one determinant of the quantity supplied. When the price of ice ... MARKET FORCES OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND 77 MARKET SUPPLY VERSUS INDIVIDUAL SUPPLY Just as market demand is the sum of the demands of all buyers, market supply is the sum of the supplies of all sellers. ... cream is profitable, and so the quantity supplied is large. As a seller of ice cream, you work long hours, buy many ice- cream machines, and hire many workers. By contrast, when the price of ice...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 11:15

... responsiveness of quantity demanded or quantity supplied to one of its determinants price elasticity of demand a measure of how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in the price of that ... dramatically alter the number of times they go to the doctor, although they might go somewhat less often. By contrast, when the price of sailboats rises, the quantity of sailboats demanded falls ... is temporarily high. How does this baby boom affect the price of baby-sitting services in 2010 and 2020? (Hint: 5-year-olds need baby-sitters, whereas 15-year-olds can be baby-sitters.) 7. Ketchup is a...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 11:15

... analyze many of the most important events and policies that shape P 2 P 1 Quantity of Drugs 0 Q 2 Q 1 Price of Drugs Demand S 2 S 1 Q 2 Q 1 (a) Drug Interdiction Quantity of Drugs 0 Price of Drugs Supply D 2 D 1 (b) ... different in the long run. Over long periods of time, pro- ducers of oil outside of OPEC respond to high prices by increasing oil exploration and by building new extraction capacity. Consumers ... receive for the sale of their crops. If farmers are made worse off by the discovery of this new hybrid, why do they adopt it? The answer to this question goes to the heart of how competitive markets...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 11:15

... Second, debt financing of wars shifts part of the cost of wars to fu- ture generations, who will have to pay off the government debt. This is argu- ably a fair distribution of the burden, for future ... source of the supply of loanable funds—is composed of private saving and public saving. A change in the government budget deficit represents a change in public saving and, thereby, in the supply of ... THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM 577 size of the changes to the $20 billion of extra government borrowing. c. How does the elasticity of supply of loanable funds affect the size of these changes? (Hint: See Chapter...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 11:15

... Citizens of the east WICKED WITCH OF THE EAST: Grover Cleveland WICKED WITCH OF THE WEST: William McKinley WIZARD: Marcus Alonzo Hanna, chairman of the Republican party OZ: Abbreviation for ounce of ... example of how inflation discourages saving is the tax treatment of capital gains—the profits made by selling an asset for more than its purchase price. Sup- pose that in 1980 you used some of your ... job of the Bureau of Stan- dards—to ensure the reliability of a commonly used unit of measurement. When the Fed increases the money supply and creates inflation, it erodes the real value of the...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 11:15

... many of the tools we have developed in pre- vious chapters, but we have to abandon the classical dichotomy and the neutrality of money. THE BASIC MODEL OF ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS Our model of short-run ... behavior of two vari- ables. The first variable is the economy’s output of goods and services, as mea- sured by real GDP. The second variable is the overall price level, as measured by the CPI ... CURVE MIGHT SHIFT The position of the long-run aggregate-supply curve shows the quantity of goods and services predicted by classical macroeconomic theory. This level of production is sometimes called...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 17:15

... market of 500,000 potential readers. It is a matter of simple arithmetic to solve Readalot’s problem. At a price of $30, Readalot sells 100,000 copies, has revenue of $3 million, and makes profit of ... makes profit of $1 million. At a price of $5, it sells 500,000 copies, has revenue of $2.5 million, and makes profit of $500,000. Thus, Readalot maximizes profit by charging $30 and forgoing the opportunity ... costs of production. Pri- vate owners have an incentive to minimize costs as long as they reap part of the benefit in the form of higher profit. If the firm’s managers are doing a bad job of keeping...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 23:20

... to offer a downward-sloping one? Shouldn’t the findings of Phillips, Samuelson, and Solow lead us to reject the classical conclusion of mone- tary neutrality? Quantity of Output Natural rate of ... Department of Labor; U.S. Department of Commerce. CHAPTER 33 THE SHORT-RUN TRADEOFF BETWEEN INFLATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT 767 growth or decline in nominal national income, the rate of growth of the ... quantity of money. It cannot use its control over nominal quantities to peg a real quantity—the real rate of interest, the rate of unemployment, the level of real national income, the real quantity of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 23:20

... about the number of workers it has or the number of apples it pro- duces. It cares only about profit, which equals the total revenue from the sale of Quantity of Apples 0 Price of Apples P Q Demand Supply Demand Supply Quantity ... product of that input multiplied by the market price of the output. The fourth column in Ta- ble 18-1 shows the value of the marginal product of labor in our example, assum- ing the price of apples ... three-fourths of it in the form of wages and fringe benefits. The rest went to landowners and to the owners of capi- tal—the economy’s stock of equipment and structures—in the form of rent, profit, and...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 18:20