principles for the safety assessment of gm foods

... scope of this study 3.2 Assessment of the impact of GM foods on human health 3.2.1 Principles for the safety assessment of GM foods The Codex Alimentarius Commission2 (CAC, or Codex) adopted the ... approaches for the safety assessment of GM foods The safety assessment of GM food follows a stepwise process aided by a series of structured questions Factors taken into account in the safety assessment ... 10 Risk of GMOs and GM foods to human health and the environment 11 3.1 History of risk assessment of GMOs 11 3.2 Assessment of the impact of GM foods on human health...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 21:48

... on the data (i.e., 0.00471 is the cohort trend in years of schooling, 0.47 is the effect of the 1947 reform on years of schooling, and 10.08 is the average years of schooling for the pre-reform ... rates using the mortality rates for the 1933 birth cohort for the 1947 law change and the 1957 birth cohort for the 1972 law change However, by 2006, the last year of data, both of these cohorts ... rates of the 1910 cohort beginning at age 74, then compute the fraction of the 1933 cohort still living at age 74 Then, our estimated mortality rates for the 74+ ages for the 1933 cohort are the...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 20:20

... particulate matter After nitrogen deposition The level of exceedance of the nitrogen critical load provides an indication of the level of risk of adverse effects of nitrogen on ecosystems Although vegetation ... an indication of the level of risk of adverse effects of nitrogen on ecosystems This brochure was produced by the Working Group on Effects of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Convention ... support the revision of the 1999 Gothenburg Protocol The following International Cooperative Programmes (ICPs) or Task Force have contributed to this brochure: • ICP Forests: http://icp-forests.net/...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... been able to show the presence of both PLD1 and PLD2 isoforms in human peripheral blood neutrophils, with PLD1 being the more abundant isoform At a protein level, the major isoform was shown to ... activate the NADPH oxidase complex by binding to the PX domain of the p40phox component [13] Of note, the PX domain of p47phox has also been shown to possess a binding site for PtdOH, although the ... possible therefore that some of the effect observed with propranolol reflected protein kinase C inhibition Characterization of the PLD isoforms present in human neutrophils and indeed most other primary...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... results for the ADS model are shown on the right-hand side of Table 2, both for the ”reduced form” and for the dynamic health equation When we consider the former, we find that the overall effect of ... three binary indicators: whether the mother died early, whether the father died early and whether the mother and the father where present when the individual was aged 10 The extracted principal component ... 16 the year of birth as well as common cohort, country, year of the survey and early life controls The table is organized in two columns, one for the ”reduced” form equation and the other for the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 14:20

... primer of approximately 10 nucleotides was synthesized only in the presence of the above complex The synthesis of the RNA primer was inhibited in the presence of heliquinomycin at an IC50 value of ... significantly the formation of the MCM4/6/7 complex We also examined the sensitivity of the ATPase activities of the MCM4/6/7 complex and the SV40 T antigen to heliquinomycin in the absence of single-stranded ... and dT50 were labelled at their 5¢ ends and electrophoresed to determine the size of the synthesized oligoA fragment The arrow indicates the position of the RNA primer synthesized by DNA polymerase-a/primase...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:21

... Tao, had received the transmission of these eight forms and revised them as the Eight-Section Brocades Other theories suggest that the Eight-Section Brocades is a collection of various Daoyin ... on the feedback of the clients of a pilot study of similar kind The final version was assessed for its psychometric properties in a group of 22 elderly with the same selection criteria as the ... Questionnaire The questionnaire consists of 28 questions on a five-point scale This indicated that the whole spectrum of the five-point scales was utilized in the reflection of quality of life of the participants...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 19:21

... would not capture the true monetary impact of the shocks Rather would the simple reduced-form relation of the shock and household welfare yield an underestimate of the true cost of the shock if endogenous ... through the incidence of illness and is not controlled for given the other regressors in equation (2) The relevance of the instrument will be benchmarked by the explanatory power of the first ... Figure A.1 in the appendix shows a map of the study area For further details of the sampling procedure, see Hardeweg et al (2007) For the study of how adverse drought shocks impact on the households...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 08:19

... Following the baseline scores, the frequency of exacerbations significantly accounted for the changes in the Mastery of the CRQ (R2 = 0.03) and the Symptoms of the SGRQ (R2 = 0.05), and the RV/TLC ... in the Mastery of the CRQ and Symptoms of the SGRQ, independent of their baseline scores, and logistic regression analyses confirmed a statistically significant effect of the exacerbations on the ... in the present study, we focused on the effect of exacerbations on the decline in health status, and therefore an analysis to identify the risk factors for acute exacerbations was not performed...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... RT-PCR machine The RT reaction consisted of 50°C for minutes followed by 60°C for 30 minutes The PCR consisted of an initial denaturation of minutes at 95°C, then 45 cycles of 95°C for 15 seconds ... microscopy and the transfection efficiency calculated by determining the percentage of green cells to total cells For reporter gene studies, 0.5 µg of the luciferase gene under control of the interferon ... demonstrating the effect of various inhibitors of alcohol metabolism [25] Further evidence for a direct effect of ethanol for the observed results in our study stems from the observation that all...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... related to the number of living cells When the amount of purple formazan produced by cells treated with an agent is compared with the amount of formazan produced by untreated control cells, the effectiveness ... cells, the effectiveness of the agent in causing death of cells can be deduced, through the production of a dose-response curve [7] Various technical modifications for the MTT assay on different ... affords the opportunity for cytological detection of DNA interchange This technic is used as a sensitive means of monitoring DNA damage It is useful for assessing the cytogenic impact of clastogenic...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... RT-PCR machine The RT reaction consisted of 50°C for minutes followed by 60°C for 30 minutes The PCR consisted of an initial denaturation of minutes at 95°C, then 45 cycles of 95°C for 15 seconds ... microscopy and the transfection efficiency calculated by determining the percentage of green cells to total cells For reporter gene studies, 0.5 µg of the luciferase gene under control of the interferon ... demonstrating the effect of various inhibitors of alcohol metabolism [25] Further evidence for a direct effect of ethanol for the observed results in our study stems from the observation that all...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... Following the baseline scores, the frequency of exacerbations significantly accounted for the changes in the Mastery of the CRQ (R2 = 0.03) and the Symptoms of the SGRQ (R2 = 0.05), and the RV/TLC ... in the Mastery of the CRQ and Symptoms of the SGRQ, independent of their baseline scores, and logistic regression analyses confirmed a statistically significant effect of the exacerbations on the ... in the present study, we focused on the effect of exacerbations on the decline in health status, and therefore an analysis to identify the risk factors for acute exacerbations was not performed...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 16:20

... participated in the design of the study, performing of the experiments and helping draft the manuscript OAM participated in the performing the experiment and revised the manuscript and constructed the figures ... studies for long-term prophylactic administration of α-TOL on IRI of the spinal cord So, the aim of the present study is to explore the possible prophylactic effect of long-term administration of ... started by the addition of NADH, incubated at 30°C and stopped by the addition of ml of glacial acetic acid The absorbance of the chromogen formed was measured at 560 nm One unit of SOD activity...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... groups of rats were significantly different in terms of their IS values The ratio of the mean IS values for the two groups of nurses (2.6) and the ratio of the mean IS values for the two groups of ... of elapsed time (days) for a 12L:12D rat (5a, 5c) and for a "jet lagged" rat (5b, 5d) At the start of the experiment, the photoperiods were in phase In the first two days of the experiment, the ... proportional to the covariance of the two signals When normalized by dividing by the number of data samples, subtracting the product of the individual signal means, and dividing by the product of the standard...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 09:20

... In addition, the cleavage of the caspase-3 substrate PARP (115 kDa) and generation of the small fragment (23-kDa) in the co-treated cells were also significantly Wang et al Journal of Experimental ... combination of saikosaponin and cisplatin for another 30 Cells were stained with DHE (C) or CM-H2DCFDA (D) 30 before collecting cells and then analyzed by flow cytometer Page of the effect of ROS ... However, the effect of combination of saikosaponins and chemotherapeutics has never been addressed In the present study we found that non-toxic dose of either SSa or SSd could sensitize a panel of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:20

... incubator, the cells on the top surface of the insert were removed by wiping with a cotton swab The cells that migrated to the bottom surface of the insert were fixed in 100% methanol for min, ... diagram analysis for the actual absorbance of three different groups, the mean actual absorbance of siRNA group was significantly lower than that of the blank control group and the negative control ... gene could increase the percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase and decrease the percentage of cells at S phase The results suggested that the treatment could arrest cells at the G1/S checkpoint and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:21

... passages The sequence of the original virus 293.10 is shown A) the V1V2 region B) the V3 region including the PNG site at the base of the loop C) the V4 region The black lines above the original ... determined These values were used to determine the TCID50/ ml values for each virus For the determination of the TCID50/ml for the C33A generated viruses and the viruses after prolonged culture, the ... analysis of the viruses passaged in the presence of CQ A previous study has suggested that CQ can modify the PNG patterns of the gp120 envelope [2] We therefore wished to determine whether HIV-1...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 09:20

... posters and other objects (e.g lamps) were placed on the walls of the room, to help in the formation of a spatial map The location of the objects remained unchanged throughout the experiments The water ... the platform location Once the platform was located, the trial is stopped and the rat is left on the platform for thirty seconds In the SC training, the curtain is removed, hence revealing the extra-maze ... interval of minute) After the completion of the shocks, the animals were left in the chamber for an additional 30 seconds before being returned to the home cage Forty eight hours later, the animals...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2015, 19:03

... infusion of antineoplastic agents reduces the completion of chemotherapy The causative factors of phlebitis include the pH and osmotic pressure of the solution, the size of the vein used, the size ... proximal part of the vein in of the animals and in the distal part of the vein in of the animals Epidermal degeneration (Grades 1-3) was found in both the proximal and distal parts of the vein in ... addition, there was inflammatory cell infiltration (Grades 1-3) in the proximal part of the vein in all animals and in the distal part of the vein in of the animals Edema (Grades 1-3) was found in the...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:57