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... 1 192 Advances in mechanics Table 6 .1 Particular values of coefficients and variables in equation (6. 41) Case i dS / i lim 1 ,i lim 2 ,i A θ ,i t 1e ,i f cos ψ 11 dx′ x′ 1 x′ 2 A major ——— cos η ′ c f ... chip formation. Z′ is parallel to z and z′, still in the cutting direction, but X′ is normal to, and Y′ is in, the plane containing the cutting and chip velocities. In terms of the chip flow direction ... lim 2 ,i t 1e ,i A sh = S ∫ A q ,i ——— dS′ i (6. 41) i= l lim 1 ,i sin f e A number of special cases have been introduced in Figure 6 .15 . In Figure 6 .15 (a), for example, there are four intervals indicated...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 17:20

... acoustic emission. J. Acoustic Emission 3, 10 8 11 6. Miwa, Y., Inasaki, I. and Yonetsu, S. (19 81) In-process detection of tool failure by acoustic emission signal. Trans JSME 47, 16 80 16 89. Reichenbach, ... velocity discontinuity there. 6.2.2 Machining slip-line fields and their characteristics A major conclusion of slip-line field modelling is that specification of the rake angle a and friction ... gives the force acting across it. Inclusion of work hardening gives a value of 1. 77 kN (in line with experiment), while omitting it gives 3 .19 kN, in a grossly different direction. Introducing...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 17:20

... specified point can be measured, Temperatures in machining 15 1 Fig. 5 .17 A detail of the hot junction and the associated measurement circuit Fig. 5 .18 Calibration test results for P10 carbide and ... Eng. 10 (3), 95 10 0. Narutaki, N. and Yamane, Y. (19 93) High-speed machining of Inconel 718 with ceramic tools. Annals CIRP 42 (1) , 10 3 10 6. Takeyama, H. and Murata, R. (19 63) Basic investigation ... mechanism. Figure 4 .15 shows the cumulative probability of flank wear development after 1 min of Tool life 13 3 Fig. 4 .15 Distributions of flank wear after turning free-cutting steel B 111 2 and difficult-to-cut...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 17:20

... tools and SiC whisker reinforced alumina ceramic tools when machining steel. Carbon, silicon and nitrogen all diffuse easily in iron at elevated temperatures; and silicon nitride and silicon carbide ... many instances in which high speed steel tools are coated with PVD TiN, TiCN or TiAlN. Chromium nitride, boron nitride and boron carbide coatings are also under investigation. TiN and TiC coatings ... Fatigue Removal rate Fig. 4.3 Tool damage mechanisms and cutting temperature 0 .1 1 10 10 0 Chipping Micro chipping Abrasion Fracture Attrition Damage size (àm) Fig. 4.4 Classification of mechanical...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 17:20

... ceramics based on alumina and silicon nitride, and the super- hard materials polycrystalline diamond and cubic boron nitride (single crystal diamonds are also used for the finishing of IT mirror and ... hard and abrasive and is certainly detrimental to tool life in machining. The addition of silicon and calcium can result in softer inclusions. It has been found that if, in addition, small amounts ... state temperature rise in machining. In transient conditions, heat capacity is also important because, with conductivity, it determines thermal diffusivity k and the rate of penetration of heat into the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 17:20

... characteristics in machining 83 Fig. 3 .1 Shear stress levels and work hardening severities of initially unstrained, commonly machined, aluminium, copper, iron (b.c.c. and f.c.c.), nickel and titanium ... despite having a similar strain-hardening characteris- tic (Appendix 4 .1 again) and an apparently higher friction interaction with the tool (as judged by the relative sizes of its specific thrust ... as machining is concerned (with the exception of aluminium used for mirrors and disk substrates in information technology applications), it is interest- ing to describe how they form chips: what...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 17:20

... turning and milling for economic production (Chapter 1) . In turn- ing and milling practice, b ≈ 0 .15 is a reasonable approximation (actual variations with cutting conditions are considered in more ... occur in machining (Section 2.2), it is clear that significant temperature rises may occur in the chip. This is without considering the additional heating due to friction between the chip and tool. ... q f = tU chip . Of this, some fraction a* will flow into the chip and the remaining fraction (1 – a*) will flow into the tool. The first question in considering the heating of the chip is what is the value...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 17:20

... realized. Instead, it is a growth in ceramic (titanium nitride, titanium carbide and alumina) coated cutting tools that has occurred. Figure 1. 29 shows this. It is always risky being too specific about ... hardening, despite a constant friction coefficient. Material A shows a thicker chip still, but its friction coefficient is marginally increased too. Comparing Figures 2.8(b) and 2.7(b), changes in ... low friction coefficients and chip equivalent strains (from equation 2.4(b)) are 0.25 to 0.5 and 1 to 3 respectively; whereas high friction coefficients and strains are from 0.5 to 1 (and in a...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 17:20

... evolved hand in hand with manufacturing system organization, some- times one pushing and the other pulling, sometimes vice versa. Manufacturing systems 15 Fig. 1. 15 A milling machine tooling magazine Childs ... is only then, as will now be considered, that the orga- nizational gains of cell-oriented and FMS organization bring real benefit. 1. 4.3 Milling and drilling times and costs Equations (1. 7) and ... Introduction Fig. 1. 14 A 5-axis milling machine with interchangeable work tables Childs Part 1 28:3:2000 2:34 pm Page 14 In Figures 1. 16(a) and (b) the capacity of a milling machine is measured by its cross- traverse...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 17:20

... price of milling machines per unit mass is similar to turning machines. All this is developed in Figure 1. 16. 12 Introduction Fig. 1. 12 Examples of turning and milling solid, brazed and insert tools Childs ... simulation and control of machining processes 317 References 324 Appendices 1 Metals’ plasticity, and its finite element formulation 328 A1 .1 Yielding and flow under triaxial stresses: initial ... Page vii 1 Introduction Machining (turning, milling, drilling) is the most widespread metal shaping process in mechanical manufacturing industry. Worldwide investment in metal-machining machine tools...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 17:20

... 18 5 11 .1 Measurement problems 18 5 11 .2 Effects and identification 18 7 11 .3 Simple predictions 18 9 11 .4 Possible changes 19 2 11 .5 Anti-backlash gears 19 3 11 .6 Modelling rattle 19 4 Reference ... 11 2 7 .10 Practical problems 11 3 7 .11 Comparisons 11 7 References 11 9 8. Recording and Storage 12 1 8 .1 Is recording required? 12 1 8.2 Digital v. analog 12 2 8.3 Current PC limits ... Modulation 16 1 9.9 Pitch effects 16 3 9 .10 Phantoms 16 5 References 16 6 10 . Improvements 16 7 10 .1 Economics 16 7 10 .2 Improving the structure 16 9 10 .3 Improving the isolation 17 1 10 .4 ...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:20

... changing 17 8 10 .7 Damping 17 9 10 .8 Production control options 18 1 References 18 3 11 . Lightly Loaded Gears 18 5 11 .1 Measurement problems 18 5 11 .2 Effects and identification 18 7 11 .3 ... 16 5 References 16 6 10 . Improvements 16 7 10 .1 Economics 16 7 10 .2 Improving the structure 16 9 10 .3 Improving the isolation 17 1 10 .4 Reducing the T.E. 17 4 10 .5 Permissible T.E. levels 17 5 10 .6 ... 18 7 11 .3 Simple predictions 18 9 11 .4 Possible changes 19 2 11 .5 Anti-backlash gears 19 3 11 .6 Modelling rattle 19 4 Reference 200 12 . Planetary and Split Drives 2 01 12 .1 Design philosophies ...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:20

... VIBRATION 4 Sound Radiating Panel 4 AIRBORNE NOISE Fig 1. 4 Vibration excitation and transmission path. 1. 6 T.E. - noise relationship It is very difficult for a traditional gear engineer trained ... occur with helical teeth or with mist lubrication. The excitation is generally due to a force varying either in amplitude, direction or position as indicated in Fig. 1. 1. Wildhaber-Novikov or ... parallel axis gearing. Inst. Mech. Eng. Conf. Gearing in 19 70, Sept, pp 11 1 -12 1. 8. Furley, A.J.D., Jeffries, J.A. and Smith, J.D., 'Drive Trains in Printing Machines', Inst....

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:20

... VIBRATIONS ^ Antivibration Mounts I TRANSMITTED STRUCTURE VIBRATION 4 Sound Radiating Panel 4 AIRBORNE NOISE Fig 1. 4 Vibration excitation and transmission path. 1. 6 T.E. - noise relationship It is ... action) and it is the movement or error in this direction that gives the vibration excitation so we usually specify this. When using a 3-D coordinate measuring machine it is again ... accuracy TRANSMISSION ERROR i Support Combined Stiffnesses Damping 4 Internal Dynamic Response i BEARING FORCES I Casing Casing Casing Masses Stiffnesses Damping I GEARCASE FOOT VIBRATIONS ^ Antivibration ...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:20

... 3 tribological conditions which are most likely to give either very thin oil films or limited metal to metal contact are the conditions which give high friction and associated vibration. ... torques than their maximum load especially in automotive drives and in industrial machinery may spend much of their working day idling. Design loading is typically 10 0 N / mm / mm facewidth ... relatively flexible in the axial direction at the bearings. This means that small forces may give disproportionate vibration. This problem is relatively easily identified when the drive ...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:20

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:20

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:20

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:20

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:20

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:20