preservation flooding and soil fertility evidence from madagascar

... Quality Standards (or Ambient Environment Standard), (2) Effluent Standards; and (3) Supporting Standards (testing, sampling standards etc) Most of supporting standards are adapted from those ... some are set mandatory by MoNRE So far, of 360 environmental standards, one third is made mandatory including parameters of solid waste and wastewater Standards of dust, chemicals and emissions ... economic and environmental state; (2) perceptions and barriers to their improvement of their environmental performance; and (3) their responses to the current environmental standards and policies and...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2013, 18:48

... with a mix of theory and evidence from both the U.S states and countries Our theory is based on the macroeconomic banking model in Holmstrom and Tirole (1997) Morgan, Rime, and Strahan (2003) use ... integration resulting from foreign bank entry has been associated with more or less business cycle volatility We approach the topic with mix of theory and evidence from both the U.S states and countries ... AND BUSINESS VOLATILITY: EVIDENCE FROM U.S STATES AND OTHER COUNTRIES Donald P Morgan Philip E Strahan Federal Reserve Bank of New York Boston College, Wharton Financial Institutions Center and...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 10:20

... Methodology and Estimation Results Baseline regression Our bank-level data are available from September 2000 to March 2009 and are taken from semi-annual balance sheet reports obtained from the ... Arrellano and Bover (1995) and Blundell and Bond (1998).4 This technique is often used to control for endogeneity problems in panel data with small T and large N, as well as endogenous and predetermined ... between liquidity and loan growth differed across the QEP and the non-QEP periods For the QEP period, the results This estimator was proposed by Arellano and Bover (1995) and Blundell and Bond (1998)...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 11:20

... Surprises and Interest Rates: Evidence from the Fed Funds Futures Market Abstract This paper estimates the impact of monetary policy actions on bill, note, and bond yields, using data from the ... interest rates, and a fall in bond prices; yet evidence for this view is elusive Cook and Hahn (1989) documented a strong response in the 1970s, but regressions using data from the 1980s and 1990s ... again represents the yields on 3- 6- and 12-month bills, 2- 5- and 10-year notes, and 30-year bonds The results appear in Table Two main conclusions emerge from the table The first is that the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 02:21

... for plant and machinery, and 2.5% for land and buildings These are taken from King and Fullerton (1984) For each observation, we then calculate the proportion of land and building investment, ... See Carpenter and Guariglia (2003), Bond and Meghir (1994), Kaplan and Zingales (1997), Guariglia and Schiantarelli (1998), and Guariglia (2000) for a similar approach 13 See Fisman and Love (2002) ... Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations.’ Review of Economic Studies, 58, pp 277-97 Atanasova, C and Wilson, N (2001) ‘Borrowing constraints and the demand for trade credit: evidence...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 08:20

... (i.e., both savings and credit) on income (Burgess and Pande, 2005, in India; Bruhn and Love, 2009, and Aportela, 1999, in Mexico; and Kaboski and Townsend, 2005, in Thailand) Our paper adds ... administer because they required a high Cole, Sampson and Zia (2011) combine experimental and survey evidence from India and Indonesia to argue that the demand for bank savings accounts is not constrained ... banking the unbanked: evidence from Mexico” World Bank Policy Research working paper no 4981 [11] Burgess, Robin and Rohini Pande (2005): “Do Rural Banks Matter? Evidence from the Indian Social...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 10:20

... Cleveland Fed’s website at: www.clevelandfed.org/research Working Paper 12-14 June 2012 Deep Recessions, Fast Recoveries, and Financial Crises: Evidence from the American Record Michael D Bordo and ... Clara, UC Santa Cruz, and the Reserve Bank of New Zealand Patricia Waiwood provided excellent research assistance Deep Recessions, Fast Recoveries, and Financial Crises: Evidence from the American ... Gold inflows and good harvests drove the recovery from 1900(I) to 1902(IV), which ended with the ”rich man’s panic” of 1902 and a mild recession from 1902 to 1904 The following recovery from 1904(II)...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

... retirement accounts (Thaler 1990), and the effect of fiscal stimulus (Sahm, Shapiro and Slemrod 2010) Despite these links and despite a large body of anecdotal and laboratory evidence on mental budgeting, ... households’ choice of orange juice and milk brands We find that poorer households buy less expensive brands of orange juice and milk, but that gasoline prices exert a weak (and statistically insignificant) ... Netherlands, Milkman and Beshears’ (2009) study of the marginal propensity to consume out of a coupon in an online grocery retail setting, and related work by Abeler and Marklein (2008) and Feldman...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 21:20

... low fertility, low mortality and low growth rates For example, the 1982, 1990 and 2000 population census, and the 1997 and 2001 population and reproductive health surveys PARENTAL EDUCATION AND ... retrospective data and consequently we not have In contrast, the preceding surveys of 1981, 1988 and 1992 emphasized fertility patterns, fertility level and trends of fertility change in China, and provided ... Caldwell, J C and P Caldwell, 1993, Women’s position and child mortality and morbidity in less developed countries In: Women’s Position and Demographic Change (eds Federici, N., Mason K O and Sogner...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 11:20

... France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain) from January 2004 to October 2011 Bond yields are obtained from Reuters, and CDS spreads from Credit Market Analysis ... exceptions are Ireland and Portugal in 2011 and Greece in 2009 and 2010) Also, we observe an increase in both the average and the volatility of CDS and bond spreads over the subsequent years (from 2009 ... Delis and Mylonidis (2010), Favero et al (2010), Foley-Fisher (2010), and Palladini and Portes (2011), among others Credit-risk valuation in the sovereign CDS and bonds markets: Evidence from...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 07:20

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 03:20

... runs (Goldstein and Pauzner (2005), Rochet and Vives (2004)), contagion of financial crises (Dasgupta (2004), Goldstein and Pauzner (2004)), and stock-market liquidity (Morris and Shin (2004), ... offer demandable claims to begin with Two such reasons are the provision of liquidity insurance (see Diamond and Dybvig (1983)) and the role of demandable claims in monitoring (see Fama and Jensen ... literature (Gorton (1988), Calomiris and Mason (1997), Schumacher (2000), Martinez-Peria and Schmukler (2001), and Calomiris and Mason (2003)) that argues that withdrawals from banks are driven by the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 14:21

... India and Pakistan in 1999, Thailand and Laos starting in 1987, India and China in 1987, Pakistan and India starting in 1984, Iran and Iraq starting in 1980, Vietnam and China starting in 1979), and ... 2008, Mauritania and Senegal starting in 1989, Burkina Faso and Mali in 1985, Ethiopia and Somalia in 1982), Asia (Cambodia and Thailand in 2008, India and Bangladesh in 2001, Israel and Lebanon starting ... regressions in columns and of 25.57 and 24.15 and for the Ethiopia IV regressions in columns and of 44.10 and 76.84 suggesting the instruments are strong Data source: 2002 Eritrea and 2000 and 2005 Ethiopia...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 09:20

... Health and AIDS Programs? - Evidence from OECD Donor Countries* Hendrik P van Dalen Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI) P.O Box 11650 NL – 2502 AR The Hague The Netherlands ... health and HIV/AIDS funding (cf Van Dalen and Reuser, 2005) and this simple observation affects the aggregate outcomes to a large extent As one can see from Table the US has switched from bilateral ... Needed, and What is Available?, International Family Planning Perspectives, 25: S10-S16 Sandler, T., 1992, Collective Action – Theory and Applications, Harvester Wheatsheaf, New York Sandler, T., and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 12:20

... imports and trade credit In their own paper, Amiti and Weinstein (2011) use bank health as a proxy for trade finance We also support and further expand on their findings by using both bank-related and ... credit insurers (see Van der Veer (2010), Felbermayr and Yalcin (2011), Felbermayr, Heiland, and Yalcin (2012), Moser et al (2008) and Egger and Url (2006)) Using data on a single private credit ... cheaper and more available trade credit and hence trade credit insurance, leading normally to an increase in supply and demand We use the second lag of the share of short-term claims paid and M1...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 18:20

... Rit, and X are economic and demographic household characteristics that affect loan supply and demand, and E are three dummy variables (1st Enforcement Quartile, 2nd Enforcement Quartile, and 3rd ... graduated from college (COLLEGE); (8) the logarithm of the sum of the value of financial assets (bank and postal deposits and investment securities) and the value of real assets (land and housing) ... efficiency For example, Fabbri and Padula (2004) used data from the 1989, 1995, and 1998 waves of the “Survey of Household Income and Wealth (SHIW)” together with the ISTAT data and found that the ratio...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 20:20

... health and has only small effects on infant health Finally, Doyle, Harmon and Walker (2005) use a schooling reform and grandparental smoking behavior to instrument parental education and income and ... Alternatively, the differences in results between Currie and Moretti (1999) on the one hand and our study and McCrary and Royer (2006) on the other hand can be explained by the fact that the type of ... Education and Adult Mortality in the United States, Review of Economic Studies 72, 189-221 McCrary, J and H Royer (2006), The Effect of Female Education on Fertility and Infant Health: Evidence from...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 09:20

... and long-lasting effects on the economy (Bernanke, Gertler and Gilchrist, 1999) This strand of literature focuses on the borrowers’ balance-sheet—which applies to both firms and households— and ... credit growth on the one hand, real GDP and stock price growth on the other hand, is significant, but the correlation between credit growth and real estate price growth is low and insignificant Moreover, ... where  k ,  k and  k are parameters to estimate,  ,  and  being intercepts and  it ,  t and  t residuals The three main endogenous variables, namely credit, stock price, and real estate...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 08:20

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 02:01