power quality improvement in transmission and distribution systems

... Supply interruptions In stand alone systems, the main issue regarding electric Power Quality is to guarantee the supply continuity The main causes of power supply interruption in stand alone systems ... Security Contraints Active Power G1 Umax Voltage Active Power U Umin Min Max Fmax Reactive Power Frequency Fn Reactive Power Demand Fmin Min Gn Generation Indices of Power Quality Fig Optimal power flow ... increasing number of renewable energy sources on the power- supply stability and quality, both in grid connected Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances and...

Ngày tải lên: 26/06/2014, 23:20

... increasing number of renewable energy sources on the power- supply stability and quality, both in grid connected Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances and ... developed for power quality understanding, evaluation or monitoring are analyzed The book is divided into four sections: power generation and distribution systems, disturbances and voltage sag, ... this book will have been to your interest and liking, and that we will have succeeded in bringing across what the scientific community is doing in the field of Power Quality Lastly, we would like...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances 3.2.2 Nonlinear subsystem The Hammerstein-Wiener Model composes of input and output nonlinear blocks which contain nonlinear functions ... technologies for reliable and safety grid interconnection operation of PV systems [14-15] An inverter being a power 54 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances ... Which u(t) and y(t) are the inputs and outputs for the system Where w(t) and x(t) are internal variables that define the input and output of the linear block 3.2.1 Linear subsystem The linear block...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... Electric Power Quality [59] In this Standard, the definition of power quality problem is defined In summary, a procedure of this Standard when applied to operating systems can be divided into stages ... Unit and (iii) Evaluation Unit In comparing operating systems and modeling, modeling is more advantageous because of its predictive power, requiring no actual monitoring Based on proposed modeling, ... Connected Inverters Based on Nonlinear System Identification for Power Quality Analysis 75 6.2.3 Power factor, apparent power, active power and reactive power The power factor, the apparent power...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... Expert system for Maintenance Actions in Transmission and Distribution Networks, In: Proceedings of the 3rd International 112 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances ... can be eliminated by using resonant DC link Inductor 126 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances which smoothness the current flowing in DC link capacitor ... role in power electronic systems, mainly in current controlled PWM voltage source inverters which are widely used in ac motor drives, active filters, and high power factor, uninterruptable power...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... network, and finally distributed to consumers Due to the rapid increase in power demand, electric power systems have developed extensively during the 20th century, resulting in today’s power industry ... Varistors and power electronics with a 2-min heating time constant Power Quality and Voltage Sag Indices in Electrical Power Systems 143 c Electrical apparatus with a heating time constant exceeding ... Active Power (b) Three Phase Active Power Figure 16 shows single phase instantaneous reactive and three phase reactive power flowing into grid Fig 16(a) shows instantaneous reactive power flowing into...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... loading with the fifth motor being 157 Power Quality and Voltage Sag Indices in Electrical Power Systems switched in while the previous four are in steady state operation The Combined Voltage Index ... electrical safety and earthing defines the limits for AC and DC transients and continuous voltage in the railway environment 162 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances ... Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances  U s sin(δ s ) − ZI sin(θ + i )    U s cos(δ s ) − ZI cos(θ + i )  δ r = a tan  (24) Assuming the presence of an infinite bus...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... magnitudes and phase angles at the receiving ends as well as line impedance respectively, shows the power in a sending and 210 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances ... Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances Case 2: Inductive Series Compensation at line 2-3 If the dynamic series FACTS Controller (type inductive) installed at line 2-3 ... shunt and series compensators, which are controlled in coordinated manner, or a unified power flow with series and shunt elements 216 Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances Hong, D.; Lee J & Choi, J (2006) Power Quality Monitoring System using Power Line Communication, Proceeding of ICICS 2005 Fifth International ... Electrical Generation and Distribution Systems and Power Quality Disturbances weighting factor is automatically tuned according to load level to yield compromised voltage and power quality control ... vcnic = Vm sin ωt 1 [sin ωt − sin 5ωt − sin 7ωt ] + Re Vm sin(ωt − 2π / 3) 1 [sin(ωt − 2π / 3) − sin 5(ωt − 2π / 3) − sin 7(ωt − 2π / 3)] + Re Vm sin(ωt + 2π / 3) 1 [sin(ωt + 2π / 3) − sin 5(ωt +...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... Converters for Power Quality Improvement at Input AC Mains, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems, pp 1-6, ISBN 0-7803-9772-X Singh, B & Singh, S ... the inductor is vin − VCo and the inductor is charging linearly with a rate equals di Lo v − VCo = in (1) dt Lo 293 Battery Charger with Improvement Battery Charger with Power Quality Power Quality ... and integrated battery charger with power quality improvement is presented It can draw and deliver high quality current from and to the ac line by the input current shaping technique on the inductor...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... installation, operation and maintenance practices, including the training and work practices of personnel and the selection and operation of equipment 26 Power Transmission and Distribution THE PRIMARY ... Library of Congress Cataloging -in- Publication Data Pansini, Anthony J Power transmission and distribution/ Anthony J Pansini. 2nd ed p cm Includes index ISBN: 0-88173-503-5 (print) — 0-88173-504-3 (electronic) ... utility companies’ Power Transmission and Distribution transmission and distribution systems is referred to as “cogeneration,” and will be discussed more fully later in this work The invention of the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 22:20

... selection criteria include: adequate interrupting capability, calculating load currents during peak and emergency conditions, performing coordination studies that include source and low side protection ... transformers can withstand an increase in voltage with a corresponding increase in frequency but not an increase in voltage with a decrease in frequency Operation cannot be sustained when the ratio ... General aging, contamination, cracking, internal moisture, and loss of oil can all cause a bushing to fail Two other possible reasons are vandalism and animals that externally flash over the bushing...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... are represented in Fig 2.2 For a stator winding, as shown in Fig 2.3, the restraint quantity will very often be the absolute sum of the two incoming and outgoing currents as in: ß 2006 by Taylor ... field and generator breakers Unit separation involves opening the generator breaker only Sequential tripping is applicable to steam turbines and involves first tripping the turbine valves in order ... of protecting devices exist Three principles are depicted in Fig 2.6 The first technique (Fig 2.6a) involves connecting a resistor in parallel with the field winding The resistor centerpoint is connected...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... Time TDOC Inst Rel Inst Rel Inst Rel Inst Rel fault Increasing distance from source Increasing fault current FIGURE 3.6 Effect of instantaneous relays (From Horowitz, S.H and Phadke, A.G., Power ... Time S=Coordinating Time C D B A Rab Rbc Rcd X F1 Rd Increasing distance from source Increasing fault current FIGURE 3.5 Coordination of TDOC relays (From Horowitz, S.H and Phadke, A.G., Power System ... Clearing Time (TCT) is the total time elapsing from the beginning of an overcurrent to the final circuit interruption; i.e., TCT ¼ minimum melt plus arcing time In addition to the different melting...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... transmission lines, varying the operating conditions such as voltage profile and generation dispatch, coordinating relays and controls, and load shedding Most utilities rely on planning and operation ... reactive powers of the loads) When the system is close to a collapse, small increases in load result in relatively large increases in reactive power absorption in the system These increases in reactive ... contingencies and= or mis-coordinated action of the tap-changing transformers Such incidents can lead to system-wide blackouts (which have occurred in the past and have been documented in many power...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... training cases are needed to learn 63 weights In addition, some cases not used for training are needed for testing Software exists for the training process but judgment in determining the training ... equation describing the terminal voltage, v(t), the winding current, i(t), and the flux linkage L(t) is: v(tÞ À L di(t) dL(t) ¼ dt dt (5:38) where L is the leakage inductance of the winding Using trapezoidal ... parameters in time and Eq (5.44) represents the measurements The terms wk and vk are discrete time random processes representing state noise, i.e., random inputs in the evolution of the parameters, and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... BKR C FIGURE 6.14 Final step in sequence ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC INTERRUPTER BAYONET INTERRUPTER INTERRUPTER BAYONET BAYONET LINE FAULT LINE LINE BUS INTERRUPTER INTERRUPTER BUS FAULT ... trace in Fig 6.14 However, when breaker ‘‘B’’ trips in cycles, the fault current in line increases to 4000 amperes and, more importantly, it reverses direction to flow from terminal ‘‘Y’’ to terminal ... shown in Fig 6.5 However, a delayed carrier response on an adjacent line can be more serious because it will result in two or more line interruptions This is shown in Fig 6.6 A fault on line in...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... large interconnected systems In the 1960s, most of the power systems in the U.S and Canada were part of one of two large interconnected systems, one in the east and the other in the west In 1967, ... always occur in its pure form Often, the rotor angle instability and voltage instability go hand in hand One may lead to the other, and the distinction may not be clear However, distinguishing between ... aperiodic or non-oscillatory instability, whereas lack of damping torque results in oscillatory instability For convenience in analysis and for gaining useful insight into the nature of stability...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... 8.5 in which a step change is Pe = P max sin d applied to the mechanical input of the generator P At the initial power Pm0, d ¼ d0 and the system is at operating point ‘‘a.’’ As the power is increased ... multimachine systems, it is a valuable learning aid Starting with the swing equation as given by Eq (8.7) and interchanging per unit power for torque d2 d v (Pm À Pe ) ¼ dt 2H (8:10) Multiplying both ... point If the rotor angle increases indefinitely, the machine is said to be transiently unstable as the machine continues to accelerate and does not reach a new state of equilibrium In multimachine...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... be 0) The effective inertia is a function of the total inertia of all machines participating in the swing; the synchronizing and damping terms are frequency dependent and are in uenced by generator ... be sensitive to the swings on the machines and lines of interest In other words, the swing modes of interest must be ‘‘observable’’ in the input signal selected This is mandatory for the controller ... Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, January 27–31, 2002, New York IEEE PES Panel Session on Recent Applications of Linear Analysis Techniques, in Proceedings of the IEEE Power Engineering...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08