population genetics gene frequencies inbreeding and forces of evolution

... Biochemical and Molecular Markers 53 Chapter 5: Population Genetics - Gene Frequencies, Inbreeding and Forces of Evolution 75 Chapter 6: Quantitative Genetics - Polygenic Traits, Heritabilities and Genetic ... Summary and Conclusions 53 54 54 54 54 55 55 57 64 74 Chapter 5: Population Genetics - Gene Frequencies, Inbreeding and Forces of Evolution 75 Quantifying the Genetic Composition of Populations ... of the DNA molecule and its organization in the cell; and (2) The structure and regulation of expression of genes These topics fall within two major subdisciplines of genetics: cytogenetics and...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:12

... ecosystems Data on patterns of genetic variation will contribute to a better understanding of principles of adaptation and survival of oaks and are needed as criteria for the choice of reproductive material, ... Measurement of genetic variation variation was measured by of the observed and the conditional het- Intrapopulational means (Gregorius et al, 1986), the number of alleles and of genotypes per locus, and ... Gregorius HR (1974) Genetischer Abstand zwischen Populationen Zur Konzeption der genetischen Abstandsmessung Silvae Genet 23, 22-27 Gregorius HR (1978) The concept of genetic diversity and its formal...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 19:21

... linkage maps (PARSONS, of 1980a) From an analysis of variance within and between isofemale strains, estimates of the relative proportions of genetic and environmental variances in populations can be ... mostly genetic In an analysis of variance (ANOVA), the between-line component of variance contains a quarter of the additive genetic variance and a quarter of the dominance variance, and the ... from isofemale strains for a range of gene frequencies and dominance values The broad heritability was set at 0.5, and the value of a » was 1.0 represents complete dominance for high values of the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:22

... in ecology and control of gypsy moth Annu Rev Entomol., 19, 177-229 Mc KEC!vcE S.W., ExxLCCx P.R., WHITE R.R., 1975 Population genetics of Euphydryas butterflies I - Genetic variation and the neutrality ... between the oak and other samples In the Canadian population, the Lap-4 and Lap-4 allele frequencies differ significantly between loo loi oak and resinous samples In the same population the Est-4, ... mortality occur and the observed differences in larvae correspond to differences in populations of their parents Since the female of Lymantria dispar does not fly and the larvae very often feed on...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23

... coastal populations, PC and KR, (ii) southeastern Rif, composed only by population TAD, and (iii) the rest of populations, covering most of the range of the species (JB, ADL, MAD, TAMJ, TAL and SM), ... different from the rest of Moroccan populations [13] The evolutionary history of a region determines the distribution of the genetic variability within and among populations of a given species [6, ... was more homogeneous, with an among -population coefficient of variation of 3.74% than wing length, having a coefficient of variation of 8.49% 3.2.3 Cone traits Figure Population means and Tukey...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 00:22

... recombination (L 1974) Random fluctuation of gene , EWONTIN frequencies, due to the random sampling of gametes, leads to fixation or loss of alleles in the population (K 1964), in the absence of mutation, ... individuals are the populations, and the variables are the genotypic and gametic frequencies II Material and methods Two wine cellar populations and two field populations of Drosophila melanogaster ... one population to another, and when , IMURA genetic drift is the cause of the gene frequencies divergence (CROW & K 1970) Therefore, the cause of the maintenance of genetic polymorphism must...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:22

... Aquadro CF (1991) Molecular population genetics of the distal portion Begun of the X chromosome in Drosophila: evidence for genetic hitchiking of the yellowachaete region Genetics 129, 1147-1158 ... experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster I Genetic and developmental basis of wing size and shape variation Genetics 109, 665-689 Choudhary M, Singh RS (1987) A comprehensive study of genic ... the case of the West Indian and Far Eastern populations of D melanogaster Our results on Far Easten populations are in agreement with those of Teissier (1957) and David et al (1976) These populations...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... variation and divergence Genetics 119, 875-888 Begun DJ, Aquadro CF (1991) Molecular population genetics of the distal portion of the X chromosome in Drosophila: evidence for genetic hitchhiking of ... populations of Drosophila melanogaster XXIV Effects of hybrid dysgenesis on the components of genetic variance of viability Genetics 127, 545-552 Thoday JM (1961) The location of polygene Nature ... The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change Columbia Univ Press Parson PA (1983) The Evolutionary Biology of Colonizing Species Camb Univ Press Roff DA, Mousseau TA (1987) Quantitative genetics and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... b is: where na and n are the number of bands of individuals a and b, and n the number ab b of bands shared by a and b This expression, which corresponds to the proportion of bands shared between ... of the kinship structure at present and in a small number of generations in the recent past The effective size of the population, its number of founders and the possible existence of groups of ... and children These children (a total of 15 individuals) form the second generation The third generation is composed of the offspring (a total of 16 individuals) of the couples in the second generation...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 20:20

... history of populations, species, and their ancestors Therefore, the assessment of genetic variation in species and among populations is important for the conservation of genetic resources The genetic ... Savarese, I Cappuccio, and A Valentini 2003 Use of microsatellites for genetic variation and inbreeding analysis in Sarda sheep flocks of central Italy Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 120: 425-432 ... 94: 9197 Raymond, M.; and F Rousset 1995 GENEPOP (version 1.2): population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism Journal of heredity 86: 248 26 Analysis of Genetic Variation in Animals...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 08:20

... exclude the hypothesis of the existence of adult migrations speading the outbreak and of population exchanges between mountains and lowlands For the three populations of central France, we could ... expected and observed possess a E genotype and 50% will -E have an E genotype Among the males, -E the abundance of E and E genotype will be identical The same pattern applies for the offspring ofE ... same for all the populations (between 0.41 and 0.54) There was no significant difference between plain and mountain populations The Nei genetic distance matrix is given in table III and figure presents...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:21

... in a mixed stand of sessile and pedunculate oak Ann Sci For 50 (suppl 1), 122s-127s Birky CW (1991) Evolution and population genetics of organelle genomes: mechanisms and models In: Evolution at ... organelle genes are only maternally inherited, their migration is lower than for nuclear genes Increase of genetic drift and decrease of migration leads to greater fixation of genes within populations ... comprised of Q rubra, Q coccinea, Q ilicifolia and Q velutina (Manos and Fairbrothers, 1987); and complex 2, comprised of Q rubra, Q marilandica, Q phellos and Q velutina (Guttman and Weight,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 19:21

... approach of Ritland and Jain (1981) and Ritland and El Kassaby (1985) The assumptions used were those of the mixed mating model (Fyfe and Bailey, 1951): (i) each mating event is a result of either ... regardless of mating event; and (iv) outcross pollen pool gene frequencies are homogeneous over the array of the sampled maternal parents Estimates were calculated for each stand m (t and p) and for ... heterogeneity of pollen gene frequencies both between stands within a forest and between trees within a stand whatever their distance The study of homozygote mother descendants in other species often...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 19:21

... minimum of 2.0 in the Pfitsch and Simplon populations and a maximum of 2.6 in the Sudetan region On the average, 94.9% (Hs/Hr x 100%) of the gene diversity resided within x stands and 5.1% among stands ... proportion of ST is interpopulation gene diversity H T mean frequency of the RESULTS Details of gel and electrophoresis buffer and staining mixtures were taken from Conkle et al (1982) and from ... covering all four parts of the range of European larch were analysed by gel electrophoresis The genetic interpretation of six enzyme gene markers as well as the calculation of genetic differentiation...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 23:22

... preservation of a representative gene pool as an indicator of the genetic diversity of the populations This approach may also offer some limited evidence of the genetic information about the origin of ... variation and markers within interesting functional candidate genes One possible drawback of this approach is that chance alone will contribute to different gene frequencies in the limited candidate genes ... to analyse the diversity of a breed The results reported here offer an interesting first description of the genetic structure and diversity of two important populations of rare breeds from Romania...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... analyse genetic variation in French populations (3 captive and wild-living) by blood typing and by electrophoresis of transferrin and hemoglobin The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ... events variability of introduced mouflon populations Genetic variation and discussed in relation to the history of the introductions (origin and number of founder individuals) on the genetic structure ... Italy) (table I) Genetic systems of transferrin and hemoglobin was detected by starch-gel electrophoresis (Nguyen and Bunch, 1980) and by electrofocalisation in the case of hemoglobin Genetic distances...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... the theory, of the relationships between mates and inbreeding induced in the offspring and of the changing variance of gene effects due to genetic drift and faster or slower fixation of alleles ... results of molecular genetics indicate, for most of the quantitative traits under study, the influence of a mixed heredity, i.e a small number of genes with large effects and a large number of genes ... effects of population intensity on the evolution of genetic variance were compared illustrates the case of intermediate value of selection intensity (i.e 25 % Figure The size and selection of males...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:22

... cutoff of 0.01, as empirically, many significant genes are missed using a p-value cutoff of 0.001 and numerous false positives are generated using a p-value cutoff of 0.05 (see Materials and ... et al.: Genetics of gene expression surveyed in maize, mouse and man Nature 2003, 422:297-302 Wilson AC, Maxson LR, Sarich VM: Two types of molecular evolution: evidence from studies of interspecific ... resampling Genes with higher levels of expression in M14 and M22 often had the same pattern in both the presence and absence of copper sulfate (Figure 6) Of the 24 genes, 10 (MET1, MET3, MET10, ECM17,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... founder’s principle and of the ensuing genetic revolution thus admits that the few original founders of a new population possess only a part of the genetic variability to be found in the population from ... speciation and the direction of evolution Evolution, 34, 437-444 AYR M E., 1942 Systematics and the Origin of Species Columbia University Press New York AYR M E., 1954 Change of genetic environment and ... three times 60 pairs of flies of the Oregon strain were placed in population cages at 21°, 25° and 29 °C, respectively The 2 1and 25 °C populations expanded rapidly in number and attained, after...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23

... possible role of MPO polymorphism in the development of cognitive decline in MS This study was mainly designed to investigate whether some clinical and individual variables and the occurrence of the ... 0.517; Pearson χ2-test) of the -463 G/A promoter polymorphism of the MPO gene between preserved and impaired subjects (Table) Furthermore, considering References List of abbreviations CI confidence ... collection and analysed the results FC performed the statistical analysis RN, ML, AC, VA, DP and RC partecipated to acquisition of data AQ conceived the study and partecipated in its design and coordination...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 08:20