policies a timeline and methods for transition

... conventional approaches 1.1 Model Space and Data Space Let S be the physical system under study For instance, S can be a galaxy for an astrophysicist, Earth for a geophysicist, or a quantum particle for ... Space and Data Space book 2004/11/19 page ✐ manifold A probability over M is a mapping that, with any subset A of M , associates a nonnegative real number, P (A) , named the probability of A ... instrument” as if all the measurements could result from a single reading on a large apparatus, although, more realistically, we generally have some readings from several apparatuses Assume that when making...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 15:24

... R A Maass Award for his publications and presentations in the area of customer-supplier relations The papers authored and cited by Jeff in this paper may be accessed and downloaded from www.satisfactionstrategies.com ... method has inherent advantages and disadvantages The distinctions between methods usually impact the suitability of a particular survey method relative to the organization’s specific CSM information ... resources), and desired data quality are all important factors in deciding which survey method to use In next few sections of the paper, the relative advantages and disadvantages of the alternative...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 12:15

... the usually pointPage shaped beacons, Artificial Landmarks may be defined as a set of features, e.g., a shape or an area Additional information, for example distance, can be derived from measuring ... state-of-the-art in each one of the above categories We compare and analyze different methods based on technical publications and on commercial product and patent information Mobile robot navigation is a ... globe can be broken into two components: one that acts around an imaginary vertical axis normal to the surface, and another that acts around an imaginary horizontal axis tangent to the surface These...

Ngày tải lên: 12/12/2013, 21:16

... the usually pointPage shaped beacons, Artificial Landmarks may be defined as a set of features, e.g., a shape or an area Additional information, for example distance, can be derived from measuring ... state-of-the-art in each one of the above categories We compare and analyze different methods based on technical publications and on commercial product and patent information Mobile robot navigation is a ... globe can be broken into two components: one that acts around an imaginary vertical axis normal to the surface, and another that acts around an imaginary horizontal axis tangent to the surface These...

Ngày tải lên: 16/12/2013, 14:15

... entire gyro assembly is rotated back and forth about the sensing axis in an oscillatory fashion State-of-the-art dithered active ring laser gyros have a scale factor linearity that far surpasses the ... just a single mode is allowed to propagate, constrained to travel only along the waveNumerical aperture guide axis [Nolan and Blaszyk, 1991] Light can randomly change polariza tion states as it ... Futaba FP-G154 [FUTABA] is a lowcost low-accuracy mechanical rate gyro designed for use in radio-controlled model helicopters and model airplanes The Futaba FP-G154 costs less than $150 and is available...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 20:16

... artificial landmarks may be defined as a set of features, e.g., a shape or an area Additional information, for example distance, can be derived from measuring the geometric properties of the landmark, ... environment d Artificial Landmark Recognition In this method distinctive artificial landmarks are placed at known locations in the environment The advantage of artificial landmarks is that they can be ... binary, and binary-coded decimal [Avolio, 1993] The Gray code (for inventor Frank Gray of Bell Labs) is characterized by the fact that only one bit changes at a time, a decided advantage in eliminating...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 20:16

... the usually pointPage shaped beacons, Artificial Landmarks may be defined as a set of features, e.g., a shape or an area Additional information, for example distance, can be derived from measuring ... state-of-the-art in each one of the above categories We compare and analyze different methods based on technical publications and on commercial product and patent information Mobile robot navigation is a ... globe can be broken into two components: one that acts around an imaginary vertical axis normal to the surface, and another that acts around an imaginary horizontal axis tangent to the surface These...

Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2014, 19:20

... artificial landmarks may be defined as a set of features, e.g., a shape or an area Additional information, for example distance, can be derived from measuring the geometric properties of the landmark, ... environment d Artificial Landmark Recognition In this method distinctive artificial landmarks are placed at known locations in the environment The advantage of artificial landmarks is that they can be ... surface, and another that acts around an imaginary horizontal axis tangent to the surface These two components are known as the vertical earth rate and the horizontal earth rate, respectively At the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 09:20

... artificial landmarks may be defined as a set of features, e.g., a shape or an area Additional information, for example distance, can be derived from measuring the geometric properties of the landmark, ... environment d Artificial Landmark Recognition In this method distinctive artificial landmarks are placed at known locations in the environment The advantage of artificial landmarks is that they can be ... surface, and another that acts around an imaginary horizontal axis tangent to the surface These two components are known as the vertical earth rate and the horizontal earth rate, respectively At the...

Ngày tải lên: 03/03/2014, 23:09

... Utah, and Hawaii and with the metropolitan areas of Los Angeles, California; Detroit, Michigan; San Francisco-Oakland and San JoseMonterey, California; Seattle-Puget Sound, Washington; and Atlanta, ... White Black Am Indian API Hispanic Race/ethnicity Am Indian = American Indian/Native American; API = Asian/Pacific Islander Hispanic = Hispanic of any race and overlaps other categories *Adjusted ... gonadal tumors XI(total) - Carcinomas and other malignant epithelial neoplasms XIa - Adrenocortical carcinoma XIb - Thyroid carcinoma XIc - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma XId - Malignant melanoma XIe...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 01:20

... Abadi and F Moradiani, a general framework is presented for mean-square performance analysis in nonstationary environment of the selective partial update a ne projection algorithm (SPU-APA) and ... space sequence design and analysis, and a discussion of the main open problems in this area In the paper “Tree image growth analysis using instantaneous phase modulation” by J Ramachandran et al., ... current signal via the impedance variation Cyclostationary signal analysis and Wiener filtering are used to extract mechanical information contained into the EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... artificial landmarks may be defined as a set of features, e.g., a shape or an area Additional information, for example distance, can be derived from measuring the geometric properties of the landmark, ... environment d Artificial Landmark Recognition In this method distinctive artificial landmarks are placed at known locations in the environment The advantage of artificial landmarks is that they can be ... surface, and another that acts around an imaginary horizontal axis tangent to the surface These two components are known as the vertical earth rate and the horizontal earth rate, respectively At the...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 18:20

... Charging operation for starter and traction batteries CHARACTERISTIC VOLTAGES OF LEAD-ACID AND NiCd BATTERIES The characteristic voltage values for lead-acid and NiCd batteries are listed in Table ... cells, the battery’s capacity, as well as limitation of the charging voltage to a floatcharge voltage For application of NiCd batteries and charging lead-acid batteries above floatcharge voltage the ... current A charging reserve must be available for recharging the battery after a mains failure As the voltage step between the gassing voltage and cut-off voltage of lead-acid and especially of...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 07:20

... Robotics and Automation, San Diego, CA, May 8-13, 1994, pp 30853090 Paper 52 Shoval, S., Borenstein, J., and Koren, Y., 1994f, "Mobile Robot Obstacle Avoidance in a Computerized Travel Aid for the ... "Mobile Robot Navigation in Narrow Aisles with Ultrasonic Sensors." Presented at the ANS 6th Topical Meeting on Robotics and Remote Systems," Monterey, California, February 5-10, 1995 Paper 59 Borenstein, ... International Conference on Robotics and Automation, San Diego, CA, May 8-13, 1994, pp 20232029 Paper 53 Borenstein, J, 1994g, "Internal Correction of Dead-reckoning Errors With the Smart Encoder...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21

... artificial landmarks may be defined as a set of features, e.g., a shape or an area Additional information, for example distance, can be derived from measuring the geometric properties of the landmark, ... environment d Artificial Landmark Recognition In this method distinctive artificial landmarks are placed at known locations in the environment The advantage of artificial landmarks is that they can be ... binary, and binary-coded decimal [Avolio, 1993] The Gray code (for inventor Frank Gray of Bell Labs) is characterized by the fact that only one bit changes at a time, a decided advantage in eliminating...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21

... surface, and another that acts around an imaginary horizontal axis tangent to the surface These two components are known as the vertical earth rate and the horizontal earth rate, respectively At the ... entire gyro assembly is rotated back and forth about the sensing axis in an oscillatory fashion State-of-the-art dithered active ring laser gyros have a scale factor linearity that far surpasses the ... just a single mode is allowed to propagate, constrained to travel only along the waveNumerical aperture guide axis [Nolan and Blaszyk, 1991] Light can randomly change polariza tion states as it...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21

... outputs are provided, as well as linear and sine/cosine analog voltage outputs Display and housing options are also available 2.4.3 Hall-Effect Compasses Hall-effect sensors are based on E H Hall's ... by a local oscillator The outputs V x and Vy of amplifier channels A and B are applied across an air-core resolver to drive the display indicator The standard resolver equations [ILC Corporation, ... was an iterative process not easily replicated from unit to unit with any quantitative measure 2.4.2.2 Watson Gyrocompass A combination fluxgate compass and solid-state rate gyro package (part...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21

... hand outputs position data at a fixed 1-Hz rate and fixed baud rate of 9600 baud The format of the data packets is also important ASCII formats are easier to work with because the raw data can ... Power, and packaging Low power consumption and small size are advantageous for vehicular applications Some manufacturers also offer the antenna and receiver integrated into a single package This has ... display was used 3.3.2.3 Data post processing The GPS data was stored in raw form and post processed to extract position and navigation data This was done so that the raw data could be analyzed again...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21

... in many areas, a problem that is particularly grave because at least three beacons must be visible for triangulation A commercially available sensor system based on this configuration (manufactured ... zero, and the gyros should ideally show  /s ) Barshan and Durrant-Whyte determined that the standard deviation, here used as a measure for the Figure 5.14: Angular rate (top) and orientation ... However, the main disadvantage is that the angular rate data and the linear velocity rate data must be integrated once and twice (respectively), to provide orientation and linear position, respectively...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21

... “artificial landmarks” as follows: natural landmarks are those objects or features that are already in the environment and have a function other than robot navigation; artificial landmarks are ... much easier with artificial landmarks [Atiya and Hager, 1993], which are designed for optimal contrast In addition, the exact size and shape of artificial landmarks are known in advance Size and ... half-white and half-black circle with a unique bar-code for each landmark Magee and Aggarwal [1984] used a sphere with horizontal and vertical calibration circles to achieve three-dimensional localization...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21