physiology and measurement techniques

... Gabor, Dr J A Weima, and Mrs K Meusinger for scientific contributions, fruitful discussions, technical assistance, and drawings Furthermore, I am obliged to my son Andreas and my daughter Stefanie, ... 5.2.1 Optical Measurements 114 5.2.2 Magnetic Measurements 115 5.2.3 Electrical Measurements .115 5.3 Applications of Nanoparticles .117 5.4 Evaluation and Future Prospects ... Procedure and Results .195 7.6.2 Evaluation and Future Prospects 195 7.7 Near-Field Optics (W R FAHRNER) 196 7.7.1 Description of the Method and Results 196 7.7.2 Evaluation and Future...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 06:20

... Lasers and Applications IEEE J Select Topics Quantum Electron, vol 6, p 931 Liu HC (2000) Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector Physics and Novel Devices In: Crandall BC (ed) Semiconductors and Semimetals ... Intersubband electroluminescence from Si/SiGe cascade emitters at terahertz frequencies Appl Phys Lett, vol 81, p 1543 Soref RA, Friedman L, Sun G (1998) Silicon intersubband lasers Superlattices and ... nanoparticles Appl Phys Lett, vol 80, p 1264 Fu Y, Willander M, Wang TH (2002) Formation and charge control of a quantum dot by etched trenches and multiple gates Appl Phys A, vol 74, p 741 Motohisa...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... Discrete energy levels Ei and wave functions are obtained as a result of the demand for Fig 2.10 Particles in a potential well 2.5 Confinement Effects 13 continuity and continuous differentiation ... systems manufactured are sandwich structures (e.g., GaAlAs–GaAs–GaAl As) They are based on the fact that GaAlAs for instance, has a band gap of 2.0 eV while GaAs has a band gap of only 1.4 eV By ... of molecular mechanics and dynamics [14–16] 2.6 Evaluation and Future Prospects 15 Fig 2.12 Conduction band edge, wave function, and energy levels of a heterojunction by resonant tunneling In...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... silicon-on-sapphire (SOS), and silicon-onoxide (SOI) The latter includes versions like (i) oxygen implantation and SiO2 formation, (ii) deposition of amorphous Si on SiO2 and recrystallization, and (iii) wafer ... Both sections can be produced with standard silicon technology (ii) Porous silicon Chemical and electrochemical etching [36 and literature quoted therein] and ion implantation [37] are used for ... basis of this structure 3.3.3 Smart and Soft Cut One of the fundamental problems of the production of integrated circuits lies in the mutual isolation of passive and active devices which are built...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... The correction factor between V / I and must be determined by the potential theory or by comparative measurements The current and voltage distributions and thus the correction factor depend ... resistances falsify the measurement In some cases (e.g., when measuring an inhomogeneous doping process), one has to give up the advantages of the four-probe measurement, and the two-probe measurement is ... Here, the feed current and the applied voltage are measured in only one pair of points A correction factor between V / I and is also needed The pros and cons of the two-point measurement are described...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... The bands of the disordered graphite and the amorphous diamond-like carbon are now closer together than beforehand Further polishing results in the Raman spectrum of Fig 7.8d The diamond line and ... Production of Nanoclusters in Zeolite Host Lattices Different techniques are developed in order to synthesize and stabilize metallic and semiconducting particles or nanocluster with geometrical ... various metals such as Pt, Pd, Ag, Ni, semiconducting sulfides, and selenide of Zn, Cd, and Pb or oxides such as ZnO, CdO, SnO2 ([168] and references quoted therein) The host lattice works like a...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... irregularities and the focus position, holds: DOF k2 NA (7.2) k1 and k2 are pre-factors which take into account both the entrance opening of the lenses and the coherency degree of the light, and the ... direct and thus more effective transformation of the electrical energy into light, a simple, more compact, and concomitantly low-priced setup, and a reduced debris problem Thus, at the Sandia ... manufacturing plants and research institutes use the expensive projection exposure as wafer scan, step and repeat or step scan procedure which also enables a small defect density and thus a high yield,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... Dimming and deflecting voltages can range from some 10 to some 100 V and must be available as a wide-band (MHz to GHz) in order to achieve high dose accuracies and writing rates Navigation and Joining ... metal atoms on the one hand and remain volatile after the “cracking” on the other hand An example is tungsten hexacarbonyl, W(CO)6, which is present as a white powder under standard conditions By ... Sputtering Cut and See The possibility of sputtering and visualizing the sputtered object with the same particle beam has opened and still opens unforeseen dimensions in the micro and nanoanalysis...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... technology and alignment concepts UV molding and SFIL Development of production equipment and process technology for SFIL is pushed in intense cooperation between research institutes and industry ... the mobility of the charge carriers rises on the one hand On the other hand, the germanium doping causes a modification of the band structure and enables an ex- Fig 8.10 Cross section of a bipolar ... Evaluation and Future Prospects Due to the relatively low experimental and financial expenditure compared with the excellent results obtained in laboratory experiments the interest in nanoimprint techniques...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... 9.2 Conduction band diagram and current-voltage characteristics at 77 and 300 K of an AlAs/InGaAs RTD (from [304]) characteristics suggest both bistable and astable applications, and, indeed, the ... however, the special band structure favors electron tunneling between the energy levels within the valence band of the AlSb barriers and the energy levels within the conduction band of the GaSb quantum ... because of lower costs and the possibility of integrating them with VLSI silicon ICs As an example, the schematic structure and band diagram of an RTD with silicon quantum wells and CaF2 barriers...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... humidity, vibration and so on In this chapter, backgrounds of these advanced measurement techniques are introduced Firstly, pulsed laser techniques and pulse measurement techniques are discussed ... temperature sensor is about oC; and the vibration measurement range is from Hz to 1000 Hz After introducing the measurement techniques in fiber optic sensor systems, measurement techniques in optical communication ... robustness and low cost In this thesis, several advanced measurement techniques in optical fiber communication and fiber optic sensor systems are introduced Firstly, pulse train generation and measurement...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:41

... by UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND on 02/11/14 For personal use only J Nonlinear Optic Phys Mat 1997.06:251-293 Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND on 02/11/14 For personal ... by UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND on 02/11/14 For personal use only J Nonlinear Optic Phys Mat 1997.06:251-293 Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND on 02/11/14 For personal ... by UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND on 02/11/14 For personal use only J Nonlinear Optic Phys Mat 1997.06:251-293 Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND on 02/11/14 For personal...

Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2016, 10:58

... useful only for positive operands The standard library functions div and ldiv take two integers or long integers and return the quotient and remainder in the quot and rem fields of a structure ... advanced C programming techniques, such as opaque pointers and pointers to pointers, and thus serve as nontrivial examples of those techniques, which are useful in systems programming and data structure ... effort, and they almost always become converts to interface-based design C Interfaces and Implementations: Techniques for Creating Reusable Software C Interfaces and Implementations: Techniques...

Ngày tải lên: 04/09/2013, 22:04

... “skull” and click OK Save and close your skull file Return to your gas mask file and define this image as a Brush preset too, by using the same Edit menu command Name this preset “mask” and click ... on your black stencil art Next, target your background layer and select the Magic Wand tool Add light and dark areas Adding light and dark areas within your stencil art helps to create a genuine ... Layers palette and select the Brush tool Press “d” to set the foreground color to black and then paint within the selection here and there on the new layer Alter brush opacity and diameter as...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 20:15

... Layers palette and use the Magic Wand to select her face, neck, and hand regions that are surrounded by black outlines Leave the selection active and then target the underlying layer Expand the selection ... foreground color and fill the active selection with it Deselect and target the black layer again Use the Magic Wand to select her hair highlights Return to the underlying layer and expand the selection ... Control(PC)/Command(Mac)-g to group them Expand the group and Control(PC)/ Command(Mac)-click the bottom layer to load a selection from the layer’s contents Target the group and then click on...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 11:15

... illustration, using different resource files and a different position on the canvas Use the hand.jpg and hand-thermal.jpg files for your first two channels and subsequent layers Then follow the process ... Creative Techniques and Working Methods Virtual scissors and glue In order to get that authentic cut -and- paste look, you have to take a very simplistic approach to isolating elements and compositing ... head Open up the band.jpg file and use the Polygonal Lasso tool to draw a polygonal selection around one of the band members Control(PC)/ Command(Mac)-click inside the selection and drag the contents...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 11:15

... the layer to multiply and move it down and to the right with the Move tool Duplicate this layer and then move it up and to the left a little And finally, duplicate this layer and use FreeTransform ... background, select all by typing Control(PC)/Command(Mac)-A and copy by typing Control(PC)/Command(Mac)-C 17 Return to your working file and type Control(PC)/Command(Mac)-V to paste the copied art into ... copy, and then paste the copied art into the working file as a new layer Select the Magic Wand tool and this time, disable the Contiguous option Leave all other Magic Wand settings as they were and...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 10:15

... Control(PC)/Command(Mac)-A and copy by typing Control(PC)/Command(Mac)-C Return to your working file and, with the selection still active, paste into the active selection by typing Control(PC)/ Command(Mac)-Shift-V ... SelectϾModifyϾExpand from the menu and expand the selection by pixel If your current background color is not set to black, press the “d” key After expanding, type Control(PC)/Command(Mac)-Delete ... Real World Photoshop What you’ll learn in this chapter Creative Techniques and Working Methods Prior planning and observation Planning and forethought is an integral part of the creative process...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 10:15