phase conjugation and holography
Liquid-Gas Relative Permeabilities in Fractures: Effectsof Flow Structures, Phase Transformation and Surface Roughness pot
... nonwetting phase can be larger than unity when µr > 1 (lubrication effects). However, for gas and liquid two -phase flows, µr << 1 and, consequently, the second term in the right-hand-side ... because the geometry of the interfaces between the fluids is unknown and one of the phases may be discontinuous. Fourar and Lenormand [1998] assumed that the complexity of the real flow can be modeled, ... is accompanied by phase transformation effects. The interfacial mass flux enables molecules in one phase to be transported to the other phase or to pass through the other phase without forming...
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hydrothermal properties of materials experimental data on aqueous phase equilibria and solution properties at elevated temperatures and pressures
... and Tadtmuller, 1987; Ulmer and Barnes, 1987; Byrappa and Yoshimura, 2001; Hefter and Tomkins, 2003). The purpose of this review is to summarize existing experimental methods for studing phase ... obtaining informa-tion on phase equilibria and on coexisting phase composi-tions at high temperatures and pressures. These groups comprise:1. methods of visual observation of phase equilibria (‘Vis.obs.’ ... ubiquitous, in the deep ocean and in the earth’s crust, and of major importance in geology, geochemistry, mining, and in industrial practices such as metallurgy and the synthesis and growth of crystals.The...
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phase equilibria and fluid properties in the chemical industry estimation and correlation
... In Phase Equilibria and Fluid Properties in the Chemical Industry; Storvick, T., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1977. 12 PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND ... th e In Phase Equilibria and Fluid Properties in the Chemical Industry; Storvick, T., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1977. PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND FLUID ... 1974) In Phase Equilibria and Fluid Properties in the Chemical Industry; Storvick, T., et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1977. 22 PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND FLUID...
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phase equilibria, phase diagrams and phase transformations - their thermodynamic basis
... applicable tograin boundaries and phase interfaces.The three new chapters are the results of long and intensive discussions and collabora-tion withProfessorJohn Ågren andcould not have beenwritten ... like T, −P and −D.Itwas first introduced by Gibbs [3] and is called chemical potential. Its close relation to Gmwill be explained in Section 4.1.µi and Niare conjugate variables and theterms ... CPis defined with T and P as independent variables and we should thus use G,which has T and P as its naturalvariables. The fundamental equation G = G(T,P)givesS =−(∂G/∂T )P and thusH(T ,P) =...
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phase explosion and its time lag in nanosecond laser ablation
... laser deposition and micromachining. Phase explosion induced by laser heating will be brieflydescribed. The nucleation process and its time lagin a superheated liquid leading to phase explosion ... than the threshold of phase explosion shows that the time lag of nucleationhas prevented phase explosion to occur at an earliertime when the laser fluence is increased; and this timelag, according ... [11,12], and phase explosion was explained as the ablationmechanisms [13]. However, given the time lag muchlonger than the pulsewidth, detailed studies are neededto gain a thorough understanding...
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Two Phase Flow Phase Change and Numerical Modeling Part 1 pot
... radiation and convection. The TWO PHASE FLOW, PHASE CHANGE AND NUMERICAL MODELING Edited by Amimul Ahsan X Preface ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All praise be to Almighty Allah, the Creator and ... gradient and the surface movement speed in this (normal) direction: Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling 6 ()ooTM,t T(M), M D=∈ (8) In time, successions the phases ... top auT/T,= and 1topu(x,y,)τ is the heat equation solution in according to phase 1. If top vap[, )τ∈ τ τ both solid and liquid phases coexist in material, occupying sD()τ and lD( )τ...
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Two Phase Flow Phase Change and Numerical Modeling Part 3 doc
... and do are, respectively, the inside and outside diameters of tubes Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling 52increasingly cold air flowing across the coil. In (Fig.19) and ... preliminary comparison of the simulated and the experimental results are shown in Figure 6a and Figure 6b. Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling 62 and refrigerant sides, in order ... data, defined as follows: Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling 68[m], km is the thermal conductivity [W/mK], Rfi and Rfo are the tube-side and shell-side fouling resistances...
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Two Phase Flow Phase Change and Numerical Modeling Part 4 pot
... condensing and evaporating thin films. The velocity, pressure, and temperature distributions in the vapor and liquid phases are calculated. Various boundary conditions fixed to the FMHP evaporator and ... capillary limit and the evaporator boiling limit. An improved model is suggested and it is compared with the simulation and experimental Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Flows and Heat Transfer ... a) Tsf = 10 °C, b) Tsf =20 °C, and c) Tsf = 40 °C, and copper plate axial temperature profile for Tsf = 40 °C (d) Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling 102 system...
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Two Phase Flow Phase Change and Numerical Modeling Part 5 pptx
... and a temperature dependent term and can be related to correspond to the latent heat of phase change. Furthermore, T is the temperature, and ρ, Cp, and k are the density, heat capacity, and ... axis and illustrated by straight line 4) throughout the caster. Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling 124 what makes this purely computational study more intriguing and specific ... lines (1) and (2) illustrate the centreline and surface temperatures of a 130 x 390 mm x mm Sovel slab; lines (3) and (4) depict the shell thickness and the distance between the solidus and liquidus...
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Two Phase Flow Phase Change and Numerical Modeling Part 6 pot
... lines (1) and (2) illustrate the centreline and surface temperatures of a 130 x 390 mm x mm Sovel slab; lines (3) and (4) depict the shell thickness and the distance between the solidus and liquidus ... this hinders the attainment and maintenance of the plasma density and temperature on a required level and forces to develop sophisticated and expansive methods to feed and heat up the plasma components. ... selected in normal Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling 168 In the limit cases, τ << τc and τc << τ we have τ0 ≈ τc and τ0 ≈ τ/ln(τ /τc),...
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Two Phase Flow Phase Change and Numerical Modeling Part 7 potx
... azimuthal, (a) and ( b), and axial, (c) and (d), velocity profiles for S2configuration. Q≈ 100 l/h for (a) and (c); and Q ≈ 270 l/h for (b) and (d). The circlesindicate mean velocity values and the ... Γk and Γωaretheeffectivediffusivityofk and ω, respectively; Gk and Gωare thegeneration of k and ω, respectively, due to mean velocity gradients; and Yk and Yωare thedissipation of k and ... et al., 2010, for recent results184Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling 194 and zow(r) = w . (3) Whereas there are...
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Two Phase Flow Phase Change and Numerical Modeling Part 8 ppt
... 1013K.s−1 and τ = 1 ns.This224Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling 214 9. References Aboelkassem, Y., Vatistas, G. H., and ... mechanisms218Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical ModelingRecent Advances in Modeling Axisymmetric Swirl and Applications for Enhanced Heat Transfer and Flow Mixing 203 Fig. 12. Impact of Re and ... it can be observed228Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical ModelingRecent Advances in Modeling Axisymmetric Swirl and Applications for Enhanced Heat Transfer and Flow Mixing 199 4....
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Two Phase Flow Phase Change and Numerical Modeling Part 9 pot
... of KDP crystals, J. Crystal Growth 204, 4: 512.238Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling 254 Chen J.; Tzou D.& Beraun ... Two Phase Flow Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling 240 For pulsed laser ablation of metals, the ultrafast heating mechanisms perform great disparity for femtosecond and ... to 400K and 350K at front surface and rear surface, respectively. With time, the electron and phonon subsystems also would get the thermal equilibrium state, and if the united electron and phonon...
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Two Phase Flow Phase Change and Numerical Modeling Part 10 doc
... Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling 272 All these delayed effects combine in single -phase pressure drop term and two -phase pressure drop term acquiring 180° out-of -phase ... Modelling equations are derived by the continuity of mass and energy for a single -phase fluid and a two -phase fluid, respectively. Single -phase flow equations read: 0Gtzρ∂∂+=∂∂ (6) ... single -phase region. The propagation of this perturbation in the two -phase zone (via quality and void fraction perturbations) causes further lags in terms of two -phase average velocity and exit...
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