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... techniques in planning, tracking and managing project activities Establish controls and measures to monitor progress of activities Understand the need and key elements in contingency planning Program ... Remember Contingency Te = To + Tm + Tp Construct an Event Sequencing Table for the Project Starting and ending time for each event Sequence Sample Event Sequencing Table Project : Mary & John’s ... Wedding Events Dependency Duration (Te) in days Start End Derive marketing plan - Feb Feb Derive budget for marketing plan Feb Feb 12 1,2 Feb 13 Feb 13 Source welcome gifts Feb 16 Feb 20 Design...

Ngày tải lên: 18/11/2016, 12:27

... across [on the internet]? A book of Cuban recipes." Subcontinent - The Indian subcontinent of the Asian continent, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Burma (now Myanmar) Suck it up - Endure ... (Noun) Something you feel strongly about "My hot button is suburban oblivion." "Speaking in one language when not everyone present speaks that language is a hot button." Hot issue - (Noun) Intensely ... think it counts [and we give the nonprofit $500]." Country kings - (Noun) Managers responsible for a country in a multinational enterprise "He went to the country kings and got agreement, but nothing...

Ngày tải lên: 03/10/2012, 10:33

... Competition and Firm Strategy 27 controlling interest in conglomerates and then increasing their total value by spinning off some of their divisions.21 Another complaint about the spinning off of ... situation But some types of defenses that managers can mount seem to be more efficient than others Interestingly, there is evidence that bringing litigation against bidders increases the amount that ... corporate stock increases an average of about percent when the adoption is announced One interpretation of this result is that the golden parachutes increased the connection between the interests of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 00:15

... then, the existence of a natural monopoly is insufficient justification for regulation Unless there are significant barriers to entry to an industry and an inelastic market demand, natural monopolies ... columns—can be handled with reasonable efficiency by the market Safety devices that benefit other persons, however, may not be provided by a market system For example, shock-absorbing bumpers benefit not ... single firm can supply all the industry output demanded more efficiently than two or more firms can, making competition infeasible and creating a natural monopoly In a natural monopoly, longrun...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 20:15

... amount of additional electricity can be generated by spending $1 million on plant and equipment or $1 million on labor If a firm invests in plant and equipment, it can ask the regulatory agency ... competitive and thus no 16 Chapter 14 Business Regulation longer in need of regulation Many regulated industries are not now (and perhaps never have been) natural monopolies (e.g., motor trucking) In addition, ... explain why, beginning in 1980, banks were allowed to pay interest on checking accounts Bankers may not have wanted to pay interest, but they had little choice, given the high returns depositors...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 20:15

... who have payments to make in that currency will tend to buy the currency and make payments sooner Economic and political news—such as an unanticipated change in monetary policy—has an almost immediate ... established and maintained by government intervention Although the fixed-rate system is no longer in use among major nations, it merits some discussion because of its historical importance and because of ... Until 1971, however, international exchange rates were controlled by governments Rates were not permitted to move in response to changes in supply and demand Because rates were fixed for long...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 18:15

... stockholders, bondholders, and others who use corporate financial statements (and who want the highest return on their investments) So managers can have an incentive to bias the financial statements in ways ... return on investment in these hotels is about the same as the return on investment in low-priced hotels, as well as in most other investments But because one of the big benefits to guests at expensive ... look better but are misleading to investors But the accounting firm that does the audit has a strong incentive to ignore any desire managers may have for a favorable but undeserved report by being...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 18:15

... than S Given a constant demand for labor, the wage rate will be W2 for workers who not receive nonmonetary benefits and W1 for workers who Even though wages are lower when nonmonetary benefits ... Markets By themselves, relative product values cannot explain long-run differences in wages Unless textile work offers compensating nonmonetary benefits, laborers in that industry will be attracted ... earnings of Sylvester Stallone to those of elementary school teachers.) Wages differ for many reasons, including differences in the nonmonetary benefits (or costs) of different jobs Conditions...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 18:15

... Microeconomics, A Way of Thinking about Business In economics in particular, education seems to be largely a matter of unlearning and “disteaching” rather than constructive action A onc- famous ... still working on the conventional problems of inflation, unemployment, international monetary problems, and pricing policies, they are also studying the delivery of housing to the disadvantaged or ... social order emerging in these spontaneous, voluntary, and completely undirected efforts Even in this unlikely environment, the human tendency toward mutually advantageous interaction had asserted...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 01:15

... i.e., anarchy, than in cell Fred and Harry can wind up in anarchy for purely defensive reasons Many wars and battles, both at the street and international levels, have been fought because one party ... will be no law and therefore, “no Property no Mine and Thine distinct, but only that to be every man’s that he can get, and for so long as he can keep it.”9 One of Hobbes’ purposes in writing Leviathan ... discussion of “equilibrium” under anarchy, see Winston C Bush, “Individual Welfare in Anarchy,” in Gordon Tullock (ed.), Explorations in the Theory of Anarchy (Blacksburg, Va.: University Publications,...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 01:15

... was constantly complaining that the work standards were too demanding.7 Obviously, the striking workers had been doing something other than working on the job How can managers improve incentives, ... Even pigeons, well known for having the lowest form of birdbrains, respond to incentives Granted, pigeons may never be able to grasp the concept of monetary rewards (offering them a dollar won’t ... covered under “output-related contracts” in the nonferrous foundries industry earn between percent and 12 percent, depending on the occupation, more than their counterparts who are paid strictly by...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 01:15

... Lincoln pursues a permanent employment policy Permanent employees are guaranteed only 75 percent of normal hours, and management can move workers into different jobs in response to demand changes ... commitments According to one manager, “When we set a piecework price, that price cannot be changed just because, in management's opinion, the worker is making too much money Piecework prices can only ... piece, leaving the 16 See Benjamin Klein, Robert Crawford, and Armen Alchian, “Vertical Integration, Appropriable Rents, and the Competitive Contracting Process,” Journal of Law and Economics, vol...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 01:15

... hunter can be ruthless.”18 MANAGER’S CORNER I: How Incentives Count in Economics and Business We noted above that much of this book and course is concerned with the problem of overcoming a basic ... twenty- first century world economy, business incentives will be commonplace; getting them right will be an abiding and taxing concern of managers The Role of Incentives in Firm Successes and Failures ... can be an inadvertent consequence, mainly because people can be very creative in responding to policies Lincoln Electric is known for achieving high productivity levels among its production workers...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 00:15

... human energies—millions of tiny bits of know-how configurating naturally and spontaneously in response to human necessity and desire and in the absence of any human master-minding! Since only ... everyone understands that firms can turn substantial profits by building the proverbial “better mousetrap.” We intend to stress how money can be made from careful thinking about business issues, including ... incentives that can be used Under the “Manager’s Corner” sections, we necessarily focus on monetary incentives This is mainly because such incentives have been well tested, but monetary incentives...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 00:15

... represented by a leftward, or inward, shift in the demand curve, from D1to D3 A change in a determinant of demand may be translated into an increase or decrease in market demand in numerous ways An ... the groping process of give and take, they move from relative ignorance about others’ wants and needs to a reasonably accurate understanding of Israel Kirzner, Competition and Entrepreneurship ... forcing competitors to reveal their plans to prospective buyers or sellers The exchange of information can be seen clearly at auctions Before the bidding begins, buyer look over the merchandise and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 00:15

... ownership is often fragmented among a number of owners, with no one dominant property owner who is capable of determining, to a significant degree, the “look” and “feel” and profitability of individual ... were running the company into the ground His central admonition, all too easily forgotten, is, “You cannot overpay a good CEO and you can’t underpay a bad one If his compensation is not tied ... weak connection between CEO compensation and firm performance and the very limited use of firings may be attributable to the fact that public disapproval (and attendant political considerations)...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 00:15

... [Ronald G Ehrenberg and Michael L Bognanno, “Do Tournaments Have Incentive Effects?” Journal of Political Economy , vol 98 (December 1990), pp 1307-1324] In addition, bonuses appear to be sensitive ... managerial bonuses with the future performance of managers improving with current bonuses [Lawrence M Kahn and Peter D Sherer, “Contingent Pay and Managerial Performance,” Industrial and Labor ... contract with any given executive can be seen as nothing more than a risky investment (or business venture) among an array of similarly risky investments (or 58 See Judith H Dobrzynski, “Growing...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 00:15

... developed in this group situation This phenomenon can lead to continual changes in policy in a government based on collective decision-making Although there is no stable majority, the individuals involved ... positions Winning candidates tend to represent the moderate views of many voters who are neither liberals nor conservatives For this reason there is generally little difference between Republican and ... decisions In that sense, political information is a public good that benefits everyone Nevertheless, as we have seen before, in large groups people have little incentive to contribute anything toward...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 00:15

... tendency has been seen in the past in the broadcasting industry, when the number of television stations permitted in a given geographical area was strictly regulated by the Federal Communications ... available, Q1 Because of the shortage, landlords will be less concerned about maintaining their units, for they will be able to rent them in any case If the government imposes a price floor on a commodity ... demand curve—panel (a)—are acceptable to buyers Only those price-quantity combinations on or above the supply curve panel (b) are acceptable to producers Those price-quantity combinations...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 10:15

... should be transitory, encompassing people who are not working because they are between jobs or are looking for jobs But “involuntary unemployment” abounds and persists, which must be attributable, ... to P1, and quantity rose from Q1 to Q2 The new equilibrium price and quantity, P1 and Q2, marked the new long-run market equilibrium Long-run equilibrium is the price-quantity combination that ... blocks down the street; the end, in fact, could not be seen from the door These queues cannot be explained by market clearing wages Our discussion on the Ford pay increase is heavily dependent...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 10:15