petroleum producing countries opec and non opec

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:20

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 08:20

... attempts to classify countries based on the performance of their institutions and policies and determine thresholds for selected debt indicators for each country grouping and then estimate the ... of public and publicly guaranteed external debt to gross domestic product and to exports, and debt service on the same debt to exports to judge debt sustainability Country policies and institutional ... there may be differences between the Bank and Fund in these assessments and possible scenarios and it is not known how these will be played out in the countries where they occur Since CPIAs are...

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 08:15

... presentation of his complete system as Knowledge, Faith, and Portent, and in  his multi-volume New Critique of Reason, which he then revised and republished later in – as the New or Anthropological ... between the unconditional demands of duty and the conditional, sensible facts of our desires, there is only a “conflict of ends,” which is resolved by assuming God and immortality on the basis ... process); Fries argued on the contrary that our only possible understanding of nature had to be mathematical and mechanical, and that reflection on nature shows that “all material forces have to...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 08:20

... foreign and domestic, public and publicly guaranteed, private non- guaranteed, including both short- and long-term debt, without compromising its long-term development goals and objectives Countries ... balance and payments and budgets, the mix of loans and grants in its future financing arrangements, and the build-up of its repayment capacity relative to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and export and ... Sustainability in Low Income Countries: Proposal for an Operational Framework and Policy Implications by Mark Allen and Gobind Nankani, IMF and IDA, February 3, 2004 Debt Sustainability and Financing Terms...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2013, 23:15

... policies and institutional capability and vulnerability to shocks are other factors identified as being important for assessing a country’s debt sustainability In particular, country policies and ... maintain sustainable debt levels and reduce the risk to IDA of debt problems in the countries in which IDA will provide a significant share of financing under IDA 14 and later These multiple factors ... of debt outstanding as a ratio with GDP, exports or government revenue The second is a weak institutional and policy environment in the country which makes it probable for such countries to experience...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2013, 23:15

... resources, safety nets; and poverty monitoring and analysis; and • Public sector management and institutions, including property rights and rule-based governance; quality of budgetary and financial management; ... policy and foreign exchange regime; financial stability and depth; banking sector efficiency and resource mobilization; competitive environment for the private sector; factor and product markets; and ... measure that is available in most countries annually, less subject to serious errors and simple and transparent At present, IDA is focused on the poorest countries and among them, those that are...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2013, 23:15

... only countries, a grant allocation will not be possible Instead, the combination of IBRD loan and IDA credit terms offered to the country will be converted entirely to IDA credit terms Countries ... allocation as grants and the balance as credits As in the case of high risk countries, if the country concerned is a blend country, the loan component will be offered on credit terms Countries Ibid ... shortcomings Equity considerations raise questions of why countries with similar institutional and policy performance as judged by the CPIA and similar per capita income levels receive IDA allocations...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 22:15

... only countries, a grant allocation will not be possible Instead, the combination of IBRD loan and IDA credit terms offered to the country will be converted entirely to IDA credit terms Countries ... allocation as grants and the balance as credits As in the case of high risk countries, if the country concerned is a blend country, the loan component will be offered on credit terms Countries that ... shortcomings Equity considerations raise questions of why countries with similar institutional and policy performance as judged by the CPIA and similar per capita income levels receive IDA allocations...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 22:15

... exacerbate unequal treatment of countries by inducing governments with less power and resources to comply with CPIA-derived policies while the more developed and more powerful countries are treated differently; ... experience and little applied knowledge (e.g., institutional development, gender equality, and labor-intensive growth) The United Nations has a stronger mandate to work in the political arena and assess ... international level and or each Consultative Group 61 No mention is made in the DSF of IMF lending to low income countries which correspond to the IDA eligible countries These countries can access...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 22:15

... in particular the The exceptions would be countries that are large or not depend heavily on external financing, and can take an independent stand Such countries, like China, often borrow significant ... billion, compared to $17.8 billion and $15.0 billion during IDA 13 and IDA 12 respectively.2 The additional Ibid footnote Financing Requirements from IDA for Poor Countries during IDA 14, IDA, June ... community, in general, and IDA, in particular, to allocate credits and grants to low-income countries in ways that foster debt sustainability and achievement of the MDGs Recommendations also seek to address...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 22:15

... single year from its earnings from goods and non- factor services c) Public debt outstanding to GDP or GNI ratio compares the total of domestic and external outstanding to the size of the economy Present ... proportion of exports of goods and non- factor services that are absorbed for debt service payments on both long and short-term debt Debt Burden Ratios a) The total debt outstanding to GDP or GNI ratio ... GNI ratio compares the amount of disbursed debt outstanding to the size of the economy b) The total debt outstanding to exports of goods and non- factor services ratio measures the ability of the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 22:15

... entry and banks’ total capital to assets ratio less than 8% Countries with high scores have diversified and competitive financial sectors that include insurance, equity and debt finance and non- bank ... access to entry and exit in all products and sectors • Factor and product markets This item addresses the policies that affect the efficiency of markets for land, labor and goods Countries with ... decisions and are accountable for results and adhering to budget • Transparency Accountability and corruption in the public sector In countries with high scores, the reasons for decisions, and their...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 22:15

... outstanding debt is noncontingent Likewise, more recent explanations such as those of Holmstr¨ m and Tirole o (1997) and Diamond and Rajan (2000) assume that deposit claims are noncontingent and ... that the left-hand side of inequality (23) is reduced by εPr(HH) Bank and Nonbank Financial Intermediation 2513 detail by Fluck and Lynch The main difference between this paper and theirs is ... comparable nonconglomerate firms (see, e.g., Graham, Lemmon, and Wolf (2002) and Campa and Kedia (2002)) Consequently, conglomerates will tend to trade at a discount relative to stand-alone firms...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 21:20

... TURBINATES, AND OTHER "NON- SINUS" CAUSES OF NASAL BLOCKAGE Chapter 12: Questions   Allergic and Non Allergic Sinusitis for the Primary Care Physician:   Pathophysiology, Evaluation and Treatment  ... sphenoid sinus drains into the spheno‐ethmoidal recess, located between the superior turbinate bone and the nasal  septum. (3, 11, 12)    Air and mucus enter and exit the sinus through the sinus ostia. The functions of the nose and sinuses include  olfaction (sense of smell), respiration, and defense. (3, 11, 12) The nose and sinuses produce mucus to keep the  ... billion). (5‐7) It is estimated that 2.2 billion dollars is spent yearly on prescription and nonprescription medication.  (5‐7) About 12% each of the costs for asthma and chronic otitis media and eustachian tube disorders were    19 attributed to diagnosis and treatment of comorbid sinusitis.(5‐8) Nearly 90% of all expenditures ($5.1 billion) were ...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 08:20

... MACT and - Propose and promulgate RTR amendments and evaluate whether additional rule revisions are necessary Respond to issues raised in litigation and petitions 12 Refinery Processes and Emissions ... Address startup, shutdown and malfunction  (SSM) provisions What are Uniform Standards? ► ► EPA developed consistent emission source standards to replace existing standards across the chemical and refinery ... Cracking Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units Risk and Technology Review (RTR) ► ► 2007 proposed Risk and Technology Review amendments for non- combustion sources 2009 withdrew...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 11:20

... disease and total noncancer mortality, however, the significant effects observed for Set (Table 2) are significant only in nonadjacent non- metropolitan areas Death rates for total non- cancer and ... non- white Hispanic, percent Asian American, percent other non- white race (percent white serving as the referent), metropolitan county, and non- metropolitan adjacent county (non- metropolitan and ... mortality and non- carcinogen discharges were used in models of non- cancer mortality In Set 4, models were cross-validated by using carcinogen discharges in non- cancer mortality models, and by using non- carcinogen...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 23:20

... acquisition, development and retention and as such, shall provide ample opportunity for education, training and development for furthering career growth RECRUITMENT IN EXECUTIVE AND NON- EXECUTIVE CADRE ... SC/ST/OBC candidates are eligible for reservation and relaxation of age • The reservation for Persons with Disabilities (PWD) and Ex-serviceman is on horizontal basis and the selected candidates ... 1971 and the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders,(Amendment) Act, 1976) The Constitution (Jamrnu & Kashmir) Scheduled Castes order 1956 The Constitution (Andarnan and Nicobar Islands)...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 00:20

... and ϕ1 (z) has genus or 1, and g(z) = m k=1 (z +αk ) be an even polynomial with non- negative real coefficients and at least one non- real zero Then for all z ∈ R and all non- negative integers k,  ... Definition 22 and the leading coefficients of f and g are of the same sign, or (2) f and g have interlacing zeros with form (ii) or (iii) in Definition 22, and the leading coefficients of f and g are ... Gilliam, Jim and Betty Griset, Karl and Jane Gudino, Michael Hadj, Steve and Hoan Hensley, Ruslan Janumyan, Kevin Knight, Phuong Le, Lemee Nakamura, Barry and Irene McGeorge, Israel and Yoko Peralta,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/03/2014, 16:15

... facilitating the diagnosis and and vegetables and fewer harmful fats and processed foods Promoting healthy diets and exercise can take place in schools and work sites and through other public health ... tobacco and alcohol control programs Tobacco use is the most important cause of and treatment have not proven effective cancers of the lung and respiratory system and the esophagus, and it contributes ... developed and developing countries For prices in developing countries these cancers, primary prevention is the most practical and often the only possible intervention in developing countries...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 01:20