pathogen resistance and adaptation to low temperature

... chemical properties in an attempt to understand the molecular basis of cold adaptation Low temperatures have a negative effect on enzyme kinetics: any decrease in temperature results in an exponential ... shows the t-values and the percentage probabilities relative to the structural differences in the number of strong, weak and total ion pairs and hydrogen bonds between psychrophilic and meso ⁄ thermophilic ... The side chain rotamer displaying the lowest nonbond energy was kept and treated as experimental Ligands (cofactors, inhibitors, substrate analogs, etc.) and solvent molecules were always removed...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 03:20

... the total energy flow There is however no reason for lowtemperature drying model to divide the moisture flow An alternative formulation is to combine the vapour and moisture flow into a total flow; ... The low- temperature evaporation model seeks to address some problems associated with low- temperature combustion phenomenon by firstly restoring moisture for low temperature heating where high temperature ... model to divide moisture flow into a vapour flow and a water flow (Claesson and Gaffner 1977) This assumption is endorsed on the basis that for drying associated with rapid heating, heat flow is...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:14

... The different principles and formulations are discussed, and the problems for applications in wood heating are evaluated with respect to both lowtemperature and high -temperature drying Alternative ... conforms to Darcy’s law Both models allow the pressure to change with porosity of the wood slab, thereby creating the pressure in the system The total pressure is then obtained according to Dalton’s ... evaporation temperature may be assumed to be 473K For wood with moisture content > 14%, the evaporation temperature can be assumed to occur at 373K, with negligible discontinuity and error (Alves and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:14

... rapid and erratic velocity profile   S-curve temperature profile  COUPLED VELOCITY AND TEMPERATURE DEVELOPMENT IN SELF-HEATING Figure 3.1: Salient features of porous models for low- temperature ... the combined moisture flow approach, enabling the wood slab to at least attain pseudo-homogeneity To combine the liquid and vapour flow, a model for typical water ( W ) and vapour ( V ) conservation ... boundaries on the flow field and to account for the inertial effects as flow speed increases, inertial effects are added as a sink term to the momentum transfer (Choudhary, Propster and Szekely 1976)...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:14

... reach the ignition temperature to the time for the rear surface temperature to begin to rise and assuming the thermal conductivity was proportional to the density (Babrauskas and Parker 1987) Janssens ... noise or low response to ignition, and should be excluded The findings by Thomson et al were made in reference to thermoplastics; it remains notoriously difficult to measure surface temperatures ... which wood slabs were exposed to variable heat fluxes in a vertical orientation to determine both piloted and spontaneous ignition Times to flaming ignition and glowing ignition were measured...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:14

... furnace temperature was immediately cooled to the chemisorption temperatures (CST) In each run, a few minutes of holding time were allowed for the chemisorption temperature to equilibrate and to establish ... directly from 25°C to the chemisorption temperatures In both cases, after the ramping and/ or heat treatment segment, holding time was allowed to stabilize the furnace temperature to the required ... bands measured around 3500 cm-1 and 1630 cm-1 are ascribed to atmospheric water vapors and the bands at 2350 cm-1 and 667 cm-1 are attributed to carbon dioxide (Hshieh and Richards 1991) The actual...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:14

... contour Figure 6.11: Velocity and temperature contours on z = 20mm from the mid-plane for longitudinal flow using IDP Model Velocity contour Temperature contour Figure 6.12: Velocity and temperature ... 6.13: Velocity and temperature contours on the mid-plane (z = 0mm) for longitudinal flow using EDP Model Velocity contour Temperature contour Figure 6.14: Velocity and temperature contours on z = ... longitudinal flow using EDP Model Velocity contour Temperature contour Figure 6.15: Velocity and temperature contours near wall from mid-plane for longitudinal flow using EDP Model Velocity contour Temperature...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:14

... a chemical viewpoint to in addition to thermophysical approach to examine self-heating and spontaneous combustion of low- temperature, long-term preheated wood, targeted to minimize unwanted fires ... heating model The study indentified that for low- temperature heating model, the following key research findings that contributed to the understanding of low- temperature drying phenomenological modelling: ... duration and heat treatment temperature were almost kinetically comparable Despite the fact that chemisorption led to a lower ignition temperature, the observed range of lowered ignition temperatures...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:14

... activity, leading to higher photosynthetic performance at low temperatures Interestingly, model simulations for C24 and Rsch revealed that synthesis of soluble sugar was never limited by photosynthetic ... sucrose supply to sink organs rather than source capacity correlated with low- temperature tolerance [23] It appears that the major difference between Rsch and C24 is the capacity to re-establish ... respect to the dynamics of freezing tolerance revealed a significant correlation of sucrose synthesis and degradation with the process of cold acclimation We conclude that acclimation to low temperature...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... III etc ? Adaptation to proteotoxic stress Fig Adaptation to proteotoxic stress by the HSF family in mice HSF1 remains mostly as an inert monomer in unstressed cells, and is converted to an active ... several molecules, such as apoptotic peptidase activating factor (Apaf-1) and cytochrome c, which are involved in mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways [50] Both HSF1 and HSF3 complementarily regulate ... its inability to interact with BRG1 HSF-mediated adaptation to thermal stress Heat shock induces both apoptotic and necrotic cell death, but the pathways of cell death and the factors FEBS Journal...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 04:20

... ages 80 and older and women ages 92 and older (see Box 1) [74] Flow-volume curves and peak expiratory flow Fowler and colleagues report characteristic modifications in the expiratory flow-volume ... of contraction (Pdi/Pdimax) and duration of contraction (ratio of inspiratory time to total respiratory cycle duration [TI/TTOT]) and is related inversely to respiratory muscle endurance In elderly ... Milne and Williamson, Enright and colleagues, and DuWayne Schmidt and colleagues[52,74,75] DuWayne Schmidt and colleagues included patients ages 20 to 94 and found that decline in FEV1 and FVC...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... Triton X-100, 36% sucrose and protease inhibitors, and centrifuged at 250 000 g in a SW 50 rotor for 16 h at °C This procedure allows the parasites to be pelleted with remnants of the parasitophorous ... extracts (P) and Triton X-100 extracted proteins (S) from [3H]GlcN-labelled, infected erythrocytes (C) Isolation of Triton X-100 insoluble membranes and Triton X-100 soluble membrane and cytosolic ... centrifugation and lysed in hypotonic buffer The resulting parasites and membrane ghosts were extracted in TKM-1% Triton X-100/35% sucrose and ultracentrifuged to yield a pellet (P) of parasites and a...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 10:21

... between resistance, tolerance and performance (costs are assumed equal for resistance and tolerance) Performances of hosts allocating none of the available resources to resistance and tolerance ... investments and costs of resistance and tolerance, and for an infection with b = 0.5, g = 0.5, ω = 0.2, hi ~ U [0, 0.1], and μ = 0.25 When both ri and li were high, Cit remained low and Pit did ... multiplication of the pathogen and effects of tolerance on damages induced by the pathogens Hosts differ in the costs they incur to insure their particular levels of resistance and tolerance, and in the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... photoelecton peak of O 1s is found to lie at 530.2 eV, and is assigned to lattice oxygen in the WO3 crystal As shown in Fig 2(c), the photoelectron peaks of W 4f5/2 and W 4f7/2 are found to lie ... sensitivity to other gases Fig shows its sensitivity to TMA, Fig The relationship between the gas sensitivity and operating temperature to different gases at the same concentration of 1000 ppm and to ... spectrum, (b) O 1s peak, and (c) W 4f5/2 and W 4f7/2 peaks that the WO3 thin film can be used to detect TMA at low temperature Fig shows the relationship between the gas sensitivity and TMA concentrations...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:12

... Science and Technology Hong Kong, 2007 (Poster presentation) N Q A Hoang and M Y L Chew, "Propensity of low- temperature and anaerobic and aerobic wood chars to self ignition " in Fire and Material ... between self ignition and piloted or auto-ignition because the causes leading to piloted and auto-ignition may not applicable to self ignition According to NFPA 921 Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations ... carried out on Kapur and Nyatoh hardwood species in ovens isothermally at low temperatures 160 °C, 175 °C and 190 °C for extended durations up to 153 days in both anaerobic and aerobic conditions...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 15:36

... reservoir to environment temperature ratio of the inlet temperature of cold-side heat reservoir to environment temperature ratio of the inlet temperature of intercooling fluid to environment temperature ... the working fluid isentropic temperature ratios x and y for the low- pressure compressor and the total compression process, i.e x = T2 T1 and y = T5 T6 According to the properties of endoreversible ... where CH and CH max are the smaller and the larger of the two capacitance rates CH and Cwf , CL and CL max are the smaller and the larger of the two capacitance rates CL and Cwf , CIm in and CIm...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:59

... contrast to what is seen in many receptor systems, including the insulin receptor [26], where lowering of the pH leads to dissociation of ligand from receptor The reduced dissociation at low pH ... [125I]TC-PCSK9 to HepG2 cells is attributable to binding to different populations of LDLR that exist prior to ligand binding (see below) Previous Biacore studies have primarily used the ECD of LDLR to determine ... obtained for the higher-affinity and lower-affinity binding sites are listed in Table The high-affinity and the low- affinity sites accounted for 25% and 75% of the total binding, respectively These...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 14:20

... Siphandone–Stung Treng case study area: Sand formations — Sandbars, sand beaches, and sandy islands in the Siphandone–Stung Treng area shift according to seasons and flood patterns in the basin and ... ecosystems First, changes to temperatures and precipitation are likely to lead to changes in demand for water In irrigated agriculture, increased temperatures are likely to lead to increased evapotranspiration, ... •  Higher flood flows in the Cuito and Cubango • Catchment yields in Cubango and Cuito un-impacted Wetting • Higher flood flows in the Cubango and Cuito •  educed dry-season flows through increased...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 10:20

... JA, and methyl viologen (MV) The ectopic expression of GhMPK2 in transgenic tobacco plants led to enhanced resistance to fungi and viruses This resistance was most probably attributable to elevated ... B C Fig Enhanced viral resistance against TMV and CMV in transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing GhMPK2 (A) Leaf and root symptoms of tobacco plants infected with TMV and CMV at 14 days postinoculation ... fungal resistance, tobacco plants were challenged with the Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora parasitica pathogens Ten days postinoculation, wild-type leaves exhibited wilting and yellowing...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 23:20