parsing as natural deduction
Báo cáo khoa học: "PARSING AS NATURAL DEDUCTION " pot
Ngày tải lên :
08/03/2014, 18:20
... to Hilbert-style deduction is natural deduction
(in the broad sense of the word) which is " ;natural& quot;
in so far as at least some of the inference rules of
a natural deduction system ... structurally distinct. The task of deft-
274
PARSING AS NATURAL DEDUCTION
Esther KSnig
Universitgt Stuttgart
Institut fiir Maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung,
Keplerstrasse 17, D-7000 Stuttgart ... parsers for categorial grammars seemed
1 " ;natural deduction& quot; is used here in its broad sense, i.e.
natural deduction as opposed to Hilbert-style deduction
to apply the existing methods:...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Translation as Weighted Deduction" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
22/02/2014, 02:20
... applications.
In a phrase-based model, the ruleset is simply
the unweighted phrase table, where each phrase
pair f
i
f
i
/e
j
e
j
states that phrase f
i
f
i
in the
source is rewritten as e
j
e
j
in ... syntax-based translation
models is to use target-side syntax as a language
model (Charniak et al., 2003). Och et al. (2004)
showed that simply parsing the N -best outputs
of a phrase-based model ... smaller.
We emphasize that many other translation mod-
els can be described this way. Logics for the IBM
Models (Brown et al., 1993) would be similar to
our logics for phrase-based models. Syntax-based
translation...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "The Rhetorical Parsing of Natural Language Texts" docx
Ngày tải lên :
22/02/2014, 03:20
...
Lascarides, Alex and Nicholas Asher. 1993. Temporal
interpretation, discourse relations, and common sense
entailment. Linguistics and Philosophy, 16(5):437-
493.
Lascarides, Alex, Nicholas ... comma.
• They can cause a cue phrase to be identified as
having a discourse usage. For example, when the
cue phrase "Although" is identified, it is also as-
signed a discourse usage. ... whether
a cue phrase is considered to have a discourse us-
age is sometimes based on the context in which
that phrase occurs, i.e., it depends on the occur-
rence of other cue phrases. For example,...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Some Comments on Algorithm and Grammar in the Automatic Parsing of Natural Languages" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
07/03/2014, 18:20
... parse natural- language data adequately, the parsing
system has to have not merely some fixed capability of
being sensitive to a certain range of contexts but a
capacity to increase its context-sensitivity. ... written into the algorithm, such as is
the case in the approach this author has taken, the
question of whether the grammar constitutes input
data can then be viewed as follows: while the gram- ...
of the algorithm which contains the grammar as the
actual parsing algorithm and to view the remaining
portions as forms of input data.
5. Leaving aside the matters of rule format and
input...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "SEMANIIC PARSING AS GRAPH LANGUAGE TRANSFORMATION A MULIIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO PARSING HIGHLY INFLECTIONAL LANGUAGES" docx
Ngày tải lên :
17/03/2014, 19:21
...
grammar RGG.
2 A GRAPH GRAIItIAR PARSING SCHEME
2.1 Function and structure
Figure 2.1 depicts a RGG-based parsing
scheme that we have applied to natural
language parsing. Roughly spoken, the ... presents a graph grammar
formalism and parsing scheme for parsing
languages with inherent configurational
flavor. A small experimental Finnish
parsing system has been implemented
(Hyv6nen 1983). ... semantic
deep case representations. Parsing is
~een as a multidimensional transformation
between the morphological and semantic
levels of a language. These levels are
seen as graph languages....
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Ordinary Reason Applied to Law - Natural Reasoning and Deduction from Rules
Ngày tải lên :
01/11/2013, 08:20
... Accordingly, judges now function
as lawmakers as well as adjudicators. Traditionally, common-law judges
were reluctant to assume lawmaking authority: their task, as they saw it,
was not to make law but ... her
judgment insofar as it serves as a source of coordination or may have
engendered reliance.
Within a natural model of reasoning, however, a rule announced
in a past case has only the weight ... account
of the value of consistently applied rules as a reason to follow rules
announced in prior cases. But because natural reasoners approach rules
as rule-sensitive particularists, most if not...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Multi-targeted activity of maslinic acid as an antimalarial natural compound pdf
Ngày tải lên :
14/02/2014, 14:20
... cysteine proteases. Remarkably,
no inhibition was observed on the aspartic protease
pepsin. However, a possible specific inhibition of plas-
modial aspartic proteases could not be discarded, as
strong ... (an aspartic
protease) and the aspartic protease inhibitor pepstatin
A as controls. The results (Table 2) showed that MA
does not inhibit cathepsin D nor the aspartic protease
activity in plasmodial ... may
behave as a specific inhibitor of HIV protease, or the
protease class A2 to which the HIV protease belongs,
showing no activity on class A1 proteases (pepsin,
cathepsin D). Remarkably, the only aspartic...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Amino acid discrimination by arginyl-tRNA synthetases as revealed by an examination of natural specificity variants doc
Ngày tải lên :
18/02/2014, 13:20
... amplicon was sequenced using
the M13 primer to give the Canavalia ensiformis 3¢-terminal
55-base sequence. The remaining 5¢ region was assembled
taking into account conserved D-loop bases and the
base-pairing ... aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases [6–8] provides a
reasonable basis for assuming an evolution of a
discriminating function by the jack bean enzyme, we
considered that investigation of a natural, discriminat-
ing ... pyrophos-
phatase (Sigma), 0.7 nmol template DNA, and 52 nm T7
RNA polymerase prepared from the recombinant pAR1219
expression plasmid [58]. Incubation was performed for 4 h
at 37 °C, and was followed...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Event Extraction as Dependency Parsing" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
20/02/2014, 04:20
... BioNLP’09 shared task and show
that our approach obtains competitive results.
2 Related Work
The pioneering work of Miller et al. (1997) was
the first, to our knowledge, to propose parsing as
a framework ... we used a multiclass classifier
that labels each token independently.
3
Since over
92% of the anchor phrases in our evaluation domain
contain a single word, we simplify the task by re-
ducing ... two endpoints and
has an associated score (weight). Scores for edges
come from the dot product between the edge’s corre-
sponding feature vector and learned feature weights.
As a result, all features...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Generation as Dependency Parsing" potx
Ngày tải lên :
08/03/2014, 07:20
... proof to show
NP-hardness of the case where semantic atoms can
2 The Realization Problem
In this paper, we deal with the subtask of natural
language generation known as surface realization:
given ... essen-
tially the same sources as in parsing for free word
order languages. It has been noted in the literature
that this problem, too, becomes NP-complete very
easily (Barton et al., 1987).
The ... specifically with efficient parsing for
free word order languages in mind. The mere exis-
tence of this encoding proves TDG’s parsing prob-
lem NP-complete as well, a result which has been
conjectured...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Natural Language Generation as Planning Under Uncertainty for Spoken Dialogue Systems" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
08/03/2014, 21:20
... class of statistical planning prob-
lems, rather than rule-based approaches such as
(Moore et al., 2004; Walker et al., 2004), or super-
vised learning as explored in previous work, such
as classifier ... utterance is short.
Threshold-based approaches, in contrast, cannot
(easily) reason with respect to the current content.
6.4 State and Action Space
We now formulate the problem as a Markov De-
cision ... data-driven
trade-offs as identified in the data analysis in Sec-
tion 4: utterance length and number of provided
attributes, as weighted by the regression model
in Equation 1, as well as the next predicted...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Active Learning for Statistical Natural Language Parsing" potx
Ngày tải lên :
17/03/2014, 08:20
... J. Stone. 1984. Classfication And Regres-
sion Trees. Wadsworth Inc.
P.F Brown, V.J.Della Pietra, P.V. deSouza, J.C Lai, and
R.L. Mercer. 1992. Class-based n-gram models of
natural language. Computational ... to
statistical parsing. In Proceedings of the Second Meet-
ing of the North American Chapter of the Association
for Computational Linguistics.
Andreas Stolcke. 1998. Entropy-based pruning of ... 1997), and has been applied to text classifica-
tion (McCallum and Nigam, 1998) and part-of-speech
tagging (Dagan and Engelson, 1995), there are only a
handful studies on natural language parsing...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Graph-structured Stack and Natural Language Parsing" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
17/03/2014, 20:20
... noun phrase or a verb
phrase on its left, respectively. Thus, a preposition
such as "with" has two complex categodas as in the
252
Graph-structured Stack and Natural Language Parsing ... verb phrase, as
it becomes S if there is an NP on its left. The
categories, (NP~NP) and (S\NP)\(S\NP), represent a
prepositional phrase, as it becomes a noun phrase or
a verb phrase if there ...
various natural language parsing methods, including
ATN, LR parsing, categodal grammar and principle-
based parsing. The relationship between the graph-
structured stack and a chart in chart parsing...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Parsing and Generation as Datalog Queries" doc
Ngày tải lên :
23/03/2014, 18:20
... →
(e→t)→(e→t)→t,
N → e→t}). A rule that has A on
the left-hand side and B
1
, ,B
n
as right-hand side
nonterminals has its left-hand side annotated with a
well-formed λ-term M that has type σ(A) under the
type ... λ-terms removed.
3
In the linear case,
Salvati (2005) has shown the recognition /parsing
complexity to be PTIME, and exhibited an algorithm
similar to Earley parsing for TAGs. Second-order
3
A ... Republic, June 2007.
c
2007 Association for Computational Linguistics
Parsing and Generation as Datalog Queries
Makoto Kanazawa
National Institute of Informatics
2–1–2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo,...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Memoisation for Glue Language Deduction and Categorial Parsing" docx
Ngày tải lên :
23/03/2014, 19:20
... (as might arise for an
assumption such as ((ANB)®C)). It is straightforward
to demonstrate that the restriction results in no loss of
readings. See (Benton
et al.,
1992) regarding term as- ... any overall deduction
and hence that deductions are valid. However,
the approach allows that deduction can generate
some intermediate results that cannot be part of
an overall deduction. For ... method-
ology of (Gabbay, 1996)) as a general method
for formulating various categorial grammar sys-
tems. Linear deduction methods provide a com-
mon basis for parsing categorial systems formu-...
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