parametric digital filters and oscillators

... systems, and implemented in different areas and applications Digital filters and signal processing are used with no costs and they can be adapted to different cases with great flexibility and reliability ... realization and discrete particle swarm optimization (PSO) of frequency response masking (FRM) IIR digital filters is done in detail FRM IIR digital filters are designed by FIR masking digital subfilters ... misalignment fault (red) and pattern condition (blue), (c) ski-slope fault (blue) and pattern condition (red) and (d) rotating looseness (blue); and external noise (red) 15 Digital Filters and Signal Processing...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:20

... Digital Filters Design for Signal and Image Processing This page intentionally left blank Digital Filters Design for Signal and Image Processing Edited by Mohamed ... for k ≥ and x(k) = for k < and y(k) = x(k-m) where m is a natural integer 30 Digital Filters Design for Signal and Image Processing [ ] X z (z ) = Ζ e −αk = −α 1− e z −1 for z > e α and Y z ... Daniel BASTARD and Eric GRIVEL 99 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Different types of filters and filter specifications 4.3 Butterworth filters and the maximally...

Ngày tải lên: 05/06/2014, 12:05

... Signal Processing and the respective inner iterations are three and two in the first and second outer iterations, and one in the others Figure 3(d) presents the final group-delay errors, and the errors ... the minimax design took eighteen outer iterations, and the respective inner iterations are three and two in the first and second outer iterations, and one in the others The final maximum pole radius ... [8] H Zhao and J Yu, “A simple and efficient design of variable fractional delay FIR filters,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II, vol 53, no 2, pp 157–160, 2006 [9] T B Deng and Y Lian,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 07:20

... xM-1(n) HM-1(z) ↓M Figure 1.4: Analysis and synthesis filter bank pair If the frequency responses of the subbands have equal bandwidth and equal passband and stopband ripples, the filter bank is called ... radar, medical and etc Nowadays digital signal processors can be found at the heart of digital cameras, cell phones, hearing aid devices, audio and video players, satellites, and even biometric ... FIR filter be designed with the following specifications: passband edge: ωp stopband edge: ωs maximum passband ripple: δp maximum stopband ripple: δs The length of the filter, L, can be estimated...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 08:19

... evenlength prototype filter Hpro (z) with the passband and stopband edges at times of desired passband and stopband edges The passband and stopband ripples of Hpro (z) are the same as the desired ... passband ripple δp , stopband ripple δs , passband edge fp and stopband edge fs The relationship between N , δp , δs and transition bandwidth ∆F (∆F = fs − fp ) is given in [9, 10, 12] In [9] and ... sum and transition bandwidth of the overall FRM filter 91 4.8 Relationship between NM sum and stopband ripple 92 4.9 Relationship between NM sum and passband...

Ngày tải lên: 15/09/2015, 17:11

... The disadvantages of FIR filters over IIR filters are: • FIR filters take relatively more memory and computation time • FIR filters cannot give sharper cut-off than IIR filters for the same number ... of some types of digital filters to adapt to changes in the characteristics of the signal However, the dynamic range of digital filters is drastically low compared to analog filters because of ... each of the parameters and the filter that is being designed FIGURE B-1: FILTER PARAMETER RELATIONSHIPS Magnitude dB Pass-band Freq Pass-band Ripple Stop-band Freq Stop-band Attenuation Freq The...

Ngày tải lên: 11/01/2016, 14:29

... “skull” and click OK Save and close your skull file Return to your gas mask file and define this image as a Brush preset too, by using the same Edit menu command Name this preset “mask” and click ... on your black stencil art Next, target your background layer and select the Magic Wand tool Add light and dark areas Adding light and dark areas within your stencil art helps to create a genuine ... Layers palette and select the Brush tool Press “d” to set the foreground color to black and then paint within the selection here and there on the new layer Alter brush opacity and diameter as...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 20:15

... Layers palette and use the Magic Wand to select her face, neck, and hand regions that are surrounded by black outlines Leave the selection active and then target the underlying layer Expand the selection ... foreground color and fill the active selection with it Deselect and target the black layer again Use the Magic Wand to select her hair highlights Return to the underlying layer and expand the selection ... Control(PC)/Command(Mac)-g to group them Expand the group and Control(PC)/ Command(Mac)-click the bottom layer to load a selection from the layer’s contents Target the group and then click on...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 11:15

... Apply filters to the original background and duplicate layers Flatten the file and encircle the hand with a path Load the path as a selection and copy Paste the art into the working file and transform ... head Open up the band.jpg file and use the Polygonal Lasso tool to draw a polygonal selection around one of the band members Control(PC)/ Command(Mac)-click inside the selection and drag the contents ... contrived and the feeling of abandon is rarely even attempted The recklessness and abandon that the paint slingers take for granted is something that we Photoshop artists must carefully plan and calculate...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 11:15

... the layer to multiply and move it down and to the right with the Move tool Duplicate this layer and then move it up and to the left a little And finally, duplicate this layer and use FreeTransform ... background, select all by typing Control(PC)/Command(Mac)-A and copy by typing Control(PC)/Command(Mac)-C 17 Return to your working file and type Control(PC)/Command(Mac)-V to paste the copied art into ... copy, and then paste the copied art into the working file as a new layer Select the Magic Wand tool and this time, disable the Contiguous option Leave all other Magic Wand settings as they were and...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 10:15

... Control(PC)/Command(Mac)-A and copy by typing Control(PC)/Command(Mac)-C Return to your working file and, with the selection still active, paste into the active selection by typing Control(PC)/ Command(Mac)-Shift-V ... SelectϾModifyϾExpand from the menu and expand the selection by pixel If your current background color is not set to black, press the “d” key After expanding, type Control(PC)/Command(Mac)-Delete ... paint on your hands will help you snap out of the convenient and predictable Let’s make a bit of a mess and combine some real-world materials to give your collage a distinctly non -digital look...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 10:15

... the corners and midpoint handles of the bounding box to increase the eye in size and alter the proportion so that it is larger and wider than the original Press Enter on the keyboard and then repeat ... precision And although in this chapter I’ll explain in detail, numerous ways to finesse your imagery as well as work with color and texture, layer stacking and duplication is essentially the nuts and ... white, click and drag to unmask areas of the layer, blending them back into visibility The key to successful masking is to add and remove as needed, drawing gradients and switching back and forth...

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 17:15

... wrinkles and pores, and isolating the figure from her photographed background Smart filters By applying these nonlinear filters to smart objects within the image, we ensure maximum flexibility and ... adding details and signs of age to the right side of her face Work on the nose area, and add more pores and wrinkles Build up masked layers and remember to use color range, multiply, and the darken ... gradient opacity to 25% and then, while holding down the Shift key, click and drag from the top of the canvas down a little Do this from the bottom up, and then in from the left and right sides so...

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 17:15

... this layer and then change the blending mode to soft light and increase the layer opacity to 40% Duplicating and altering As you create the effect of the sky overlapping his head and shoulders, ... darken and Load the path as a selection and then open up the background.psd file again Use the Rectangular Marquee to select a section of the painting and copy it Return to your working file and ... drips and splatters, 214–215 layer moves advice, 209 layers stacking and blending, 208 markers and ink, 196–198 media, 217 overview, 191 practical application, 216 resource creation, 197 shading and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 12:15

... this layer, and then change the blending mode to luminosity Again, duplicate this layer and then change the blending mode to soft light and increase the layer opacity to 40% Duplicating and altering ... darken and Load the path as a selection and then open up the background.psd file again Use the Rectangular Marquee to select a section of the painting and copy it Return to your working file and ... drips and splatters, 214–215 layer moves advice, 209 layers stacking and blending, 208 markers and ink, 196–198 media, 217 overview, 191 practical application, 216 resource creation, 197 shading and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 12:15

... working digitally There are endless filters and niche applications out there that promise convincing results However, quick fixes and prefab effects often are disappointing When you are painting digitally, ... edge is that he won’t stand still, and this new edition of his book brings the proof Despite the magic of Photoshop, digitally retouched images often leave viewers cold, and to combat this, many ... left handed, try rotating the angle in the Brushes palette You can specify any angle you like, and this angle will likely vary from preset to preset Try starting somewhere between 37° and 45° and...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 09:20

... they have taken advantage of: • Blogs, Facebook, and Twitter were used to transmit commands from command -and- control servers • Google Docs, Dropbox, and Pastebin served as drop zones for exfiltrated ... visibility, insight, and control needed to combat APTs and targeted attacks Consider solutions that can detect and identify evasive threats in real time and provide in-depth analysis and relevant actionable ... further expand opportunities for cybercriminals and other threat actors to gain profit, steal information, and sabotage their targets’ operations Our 2013 forecasts: The volume of malicious and high-risk...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 21:20

... formats; and the long-term issues of sustainability, user assessment, digital asset management and preservation Investigate and declare intellectual property rights and ownership Ownership and rights ... imagined and by future applications that will dynamically recombine digital objects’ into new resources They can ensure the quality, consistency and reliability of a project’s digital resources and ... standards These include the Text Encoding Initiative’s Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange, Cornell University Library’s Digital Imaging for Libraries and Archives, the Digital...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 14:20

... black -and- white image that I copied and pasted as the next layer using Darken 60% Figure 3-4 “Last One Standing” (Multiply 57%), “Last One Standing” black -and- white image, “Last One Standing” ... Thousand Faces (1949) What form will the imagery take? Artists throughout time have used marble and stone for sculpture, canvas and panels for paintings, paper for drawing and printmaking, and ... and how to match up the colors, contrast, lighting, and noise Roam your neighborhood with a digital camera to collect component parts Figure 2-9 Base photograph of a tree 18 Digital Collage and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/03/2014, 22:16

... layered version and a flattened one The next step is the fun, artistic one Create a new layer and set the blend mode on it to Color This 295 296 Digital Collage and Painting is your hand-coloring ... for more detail and handpainting directly onto the clone I lowered the brush size to 4.4 and then to 2.8 to refine more detail in some sections, leaving the background area loose and painterly I ... back and forth from the Blender painting of the windmills, as my source image, and the original image for the tree limbs and branches That allowed me to retain the painterly Blender painting and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/03/2014, 22:27