panel methods for two dimensional lifting flows

... lexical network, their weights are reinforced into the p a r a g r a p h s to w h i c h t h e y simultaneously belong Moreover, the missing Experiments and discussion We have tested the two methods ... used for Dice coefficient computation, in the lexical network It means that descriptors reinforced or added are not really specific of the text domain and are nothing but noise in this case The two ... lemmatized form The selection of the meaningful words, which not include proper nouns and abbreviations, ends the pre-processing This one is applied to the texts both for building the collocation network...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 05:21

... than the ICCs for the quantile-based methods using invariant sets With the exception of the lowess methods and methods using small Figure Dot plot for comparison of ICCs observed for different ... assessment for two- channel miR expression arrays, and they found that all normalization methods performed adequately in their study Here we report our evaluation of many different normalization methods ... normalization methods) ; based on the three invariant sets defined above for the mean, median, trimmed mean, and lowess methods (N = 12); and based on four invariant sets for the quantile method (N = 4) For...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... into two parts at the forward face of the step Reference solution for the previous problem computed by the more accurate residual distribution upwind scheme can be found in [14] 6.3 Performance ... blocks, two identical arithmetic cores can be built according to the two steps of the second-order Runge-Kutta method In order to get the conservative state values at time level n + 1, the two identical ... floating-point numbers are used A possible solution could be for this problem if the two steps of the Runge-Kutta method are computed in two steps on the same arithmetic unit In this 6.2 Test Setup...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... necessary and sufficient for Kt0 = ∅ for any t0 ∈ R+ Proof Sufficiency By (5.7) it is obvious that condition (5.2) is satisfied Therefore sufficiency follows from Corollary 5.4 Necessity Let for any t0 ∈ R+ ... [9, 10] If W(t) = for t ∈ [0,+∞), then the Sturm separation theorem (between two zeros of each nontrivial solution there is one and only one zero of other solution) is fulfilled for the second-order ... τ(σ(t) ≤ t for t ∈ [0,+∞) and τ is a nondecreasing function In the present paper, necessary and sufficient conditions for nonexistence of solutions satisfying the condition u1 (t)u2 (t) < 0, for t ≥...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 14/11/2014, 07:02

... the geometrical complexity, two techniques have been introduced: structured curvilinear mesh for FD and FV methods and unstructured mesh for FV and FE (finite element) methods Structured curvilinear ... non-body-conforming Cartesian grid methods have been proposed, in an attempt to overcome the weakness of the body-fitted grid methods As its name implies, the non-body-conforming methods are ... not enforced For vorticity correction, source terms, which are derived from the momentum equations with forcing terms by differentiating with respect to y (for x-momentum equation) and x (for y-momentum...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:17

... Equations and Boundary Condition-Enforced IBM successful for low Reynolds number flows but is confronted with similar difficulties as the penalty force model in enforcing the boundary conditions ... the body force f n +1 ( x j ) and the corrected physical velocity u n +1 ( x j )( j = 1, , N) It should be noted that although the suggested methodology is illustrated for two- dimensional flows ... equilibrium location may arise 2.4.1.2 Feedback forcing scheme Goldstein et al (1993) generalized the penalty force model and provided a two- mode feedback forcing scheme F( X, t n +1 ) = α spring t...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:17

... the present method is more efficient and attractive for two- dimensional (2D) incompressible flows Methodology 3.1.1 Governing equations The two- dimensional computational configuration shown in Fig ... Chapter Stream Function-Vorticity Formulation-based IBM two ways and the whole solver are tested by their applications to simulate flows over a circular cylinder for both steady and unsteady states ... an equation system for the virtual boundary flux ΔP would be formed and written in the matrix form as [ A P ][ X P ] = [B P ] (3.18) 76      Chapter Stream Function-Vorticity Formulation-based...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:17

... procedure for velocity field u has been well described in 102      Chapter A Boundary Condition-Enforced IBM for Heat Transfer Problems with Dirichlet Condition Chapters and (for two- dimensional ... are dimensional The actual form of Eq (4.29) for non -dimensional variables depends on the reference variables for the problem considered In the following numerical examples, the specific form ... The discrete form of Eq (48) is Nu = ∑ ΔQ Δs i i i kLtotal ( TB − T∞ ) Lref (i = 1, ,M) (4.31) The above equation is also based on dimensional variables Its specific form for non -dimensional variables...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:17

... direct forcing method used in the work of Zhang & Zheng (2007) for isothermal flows is applied to correct the predicted temperature field to the corrected one While many extra procedures and efforts ... natural convection is more complex than forced convection since its velocity and temperature fields are strongly coupled The buoyancy force is the driving force for the flow, and the Boussinesq approximation ... horizontal concentric annulus between two circular cylinders The obtained numerical results show that the proposed IBM solver is suitable for addressing thermal flows subjected to heat flux boundary...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:17

... and Thermal Flows (a) Horizontal force coefficient (b) Vertical force coefficient Fig 6.17 Time evolution of force coefficients during two strokes (a) horizontal force (b) vertical force   202  ... Fluid and Thermal Flows low Re ∼ 102 (Birch & Dickinson 2001), Wang et al (2004) compared the forces between two- dimensional computations and three -dimensional experiments for several qualitatively ... Solvers to Simulate 2D Fluid and Thermal Flows 30 × 30 is selected for the aerodynamic study under dragonfly hovering mode The non-uniform mesh is used for domain discretization, with a locally...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:17

... transfer performances for both forced and natural convective heat transfer are numerically investigated Specifically, forced convective heat and mass transfer around a single stationary sphere, two tandem ... the drag forces for Re ranging from 20 to 130 Prahl et al (2007) reported the variation of the drag and lift forces for Reynolds number of 50, 100 and 200 Yoon & Yang (2007), by performing a ... (2009) investigated the force characteristics and shedding patterns under the influence of separation spacing at Re = 300 The aforementioned studies clearly indicate that for two spheres in tandem...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:17

... the hydrodynamic force caused by the fish undulation: (1) For all the St under consideration, the force coefficients exhibit two peaks in each tail-stroke cycle: one during forward stroke and ... larger The time-dependent hydrodynamic forces experienced by the fish for Re = 300 and 4000 are plotted in Figs 8.18(a) and 8.18(b), respectively, in forms of force coefficient CF which is defined ... (2006) and well documented for the two- dimensional flapping foils by Anderson et al (1998) and Jones et al (1998) The numerical result of Shao et al (2010) is also included for a direct comparison,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:17

... more efficient for two dimensional incompressible viscous flows Inspired by the merits of the stream function-vorticity formulation and IBM techniques, a stream function-vorticity formulation-based ... stream function-vorticity formulation-based IBM for solving two dimensional incompressible viscous flows involving complex geometries and moving boundaries To extend the IBM for heat transfer problems ... boundary method for compressible turbulent flows with shocks: application to two- dimensional flows around cylinders, J Appl Math., (2014) Soares A.A., Ferreira J.M., Chhabra R.P., Flow and forced convection...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:22

... velocity condition on the immersed boundary is exactly enforced For two- dimensional incompressible flows, the stream function-vorticity formulation-based NS solver is more efficient and it is ... time-dependent hydrodynamic force coefficients for Re = 300 and 4000 306 Fig 8.19 The mean force coefficient for Re = 300 and 4000 XXV   307 Nomenclature a Major axis for elliptical particle A ... time-mean force coefficient for swimming fish CH , CV Drag and lift coefficient for hovering insect CH , CV Time-mean drag and lift coefficients for hovering insect CLy , CLz Lift coefficients for...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:22

... form and strong form The key idea of the MWS method is that both the strong form and local weak form are used for establishing the discretized system equations, but these two forms are used for ... Meshfree methods based on strong forms In this thesis, the research work is focused on the meshfree methods which are formulated based on Galerkin weak forms Hence strong form meshfree methods ... meshfree methods was from the early 1990s when weak form was used in the formulation Since then, more and more research efforts were devoted to the study of meshfree methods and a group of meshfree methods...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:39

... 97 Chapter High-resolution Methods for Barotropic Two- fluid and Barotropic-nonbarotropic Two- fluid Flows 4.1 112 PPM for Barotropic-nonbarotropic Two- fluid Flows 113 4.1.1 4.1.2 Governing ... 1.2 Diffuse Interface Methods 1.2.1 Methods for Flows with Stiffened Gas EOS 1.2.2 Multi-fluid Flows with Mie-Gr¨neisen EOS u 1.2.3 Flows Involving Barotropic ... topological changes As methods developed in this thesis also belong to the diffuse interface methods, in the following, we will discuss this type of methods in more detail 1.2.1 Methods for Flows with Stiffened...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:44

... the control is two- dimensional rather than one -dimensional because the direction of each movement can be any one of four choices in two dimensions This is analogous to the two- dimensional control ... emphasis of four stimuli to obtain the two bits of information required for each cursor move, our method obtains the first and second bits sequentially through two user selections, which together ... using the Welch method for each yes/no response, for each EEG channel Then, for each channel/ bin pair, we calculated a Bhattacharyya distance based on the power measurements for all of the responses...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... conceived for the modeling of specular reflections only, some extensions of this method were proposed to account for other propagation phenomena Funkhouser et al [13], for example, account for diffusion ... of two of oppositely-facing oriented reflectors, we cannot be sure that the occlusion problem can be disambiguated In this case, for example, s2 occludes s3 for some rays, and s3 occludes s2 for ... space The Uniform Theory of Diffraction is, in fact, inherently threedimensional, but our approach to the tracing of diffractive rays makes use of fast beam tracing, whose core is two dimensional...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 08:20

... B} < ∞ for n any bounded subset B of H Moreover, let W be the W-mapping; we know that Wy ∞ limn → ∞ Wn y for all y ∈ C and that F W n F Wn If we replace {Tn } by {Wn } in the recursion formula ... product ·, · and norm · For the sequence {xn } in x to indicate that the sequence {xn } converges weakly to x xn → x implies H, we write xn that {xn } converges strongly to x For every point x ∈ ... z : z ∈ C} < ∞ 2.5 n Then, for each y ∈ C, {Tn y} converges strongly to some point of C Moreover, let T be a mapping of C into itself defined by T y limn → ∞ Tn y, for all y ∈ C Then limn → ∞...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20