overview of ecological risk assessment in coastal and estuarine environments

... context to expand the scope of ecological risk assessments to the level of spatially defined subpopulations and populations, in order to determine whether an activity or activities in question actually ... unacceptable risk within the legal context of environmental protection This chapter examines a probabilistic method of population-level ecological risk assessment It is intended for application within ... ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL The objective of the assessment component of this analysis was to express the impact of individual exposures to a toxic contaminant in terms of the risk to receptor...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... prevalence, risk factors and relation to stress incontinence in middle-aged women BJOG 2004; 111:600 Coyne K, Margolis M, Zyczynski T, Elinoff V and Roberts RG Validation of an OAB screener in a primary ... Prevalence of OAB, LUTS and OAB subtypes DISCUSSION The prevalence of OAB in men has been reported to be 10.2-16.0% It is expected to be much higher in the urologic setting since urinary complaint is ... ment initiation The OAB-V8 questionnaire is a possible effective and fast screening tool Our study also examined the risk factors for OAB in men We found that OAB increased with age: 49% in men...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:35

... and in drafting the manuscript JB participated in the coordination of the data collection and in the critical revision of the study BM and GE participated in the exposure assessment and in the ... 3% of working time (1 to 5%); medium frequency 17.5% of working time (>5 to 30%); high frequency 65% of working time (>30%) Finally, the confidence of exposure (meaning the degree of certainty ... investigated in our study, is widely used in lamination of reinforced plastics, in the production of – inter alia – rubber, plastic, insulation, and fibreglass The exposure prevalence in control...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... effect of MICA-250A in our data As there are many links between the innate and adaptive immune systems and involvement of pathogens in the initiation of RA is discussed (reviewed by Falgarone and ... ratio of transmission of minor allele versus transmission of major allele as determined in logistic regression; clikelihood ratio test evaluating model including HLA-DRB1 alleles S2 and S3P and ... ratio of transmission of minor allele versus transmission of major allele as determined in logistic regression; clikelihood ratio test evaluating model including HLA-DRB1 alleles S2 and S3P and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:20

... Operating Activities Net Cash Outflows from Investing and Financing Activities 33,403,706 • Increase in sales returns and allowances: The sales returns and allowances increased as a result of a ... Increase in cost of sales: The cost of sales increased as a result of higher sales activity • Reduction in non-operating income: The reduction was primarily due to inclusion in 2001 of a non-recurring ... explain the fact, influencing factors and the possible impact to the Company's future finance and responding proposal: Not Applicable • NT$66.0 billion net cash outflows from investing and financing...

Ngày tải lên: 28/07/2014, 15:50

... orthopaedic and range of motion tests to localise sites of pain and restricted movement A negative pain finding was indicated by the absence of reported pain and/ or restricted orthopaedic and range of ... housework, washing, dressing, lifting, walking, driving, climbing stairs, getting in and out of bed or a chair, sleeping, working, social activities and sport)" • Self-reported modifiable risk factors ... screening questionnaire A positive pain finding in the clinical assessment was derived by practitioner-based examination, including the patient's history of involved site(s) followed by standard...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:22

... maintained by expanding the image in the table using the ~-expression, and then finding the corresponding element in the model If the element in the model that was the denotation of the h-expression ... the model to expand to contain the property of talking The addition of this new property expands the domain of the set of properties denoted by "John", thus forcing the expansion of the characteristic ... AUGMENTING THE MODEL The second mechanism for maintaining the correctness of the denotations of ~-expressions basically involves incorporating the table from the first mechanism into the model In...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 14:20

... Business Enterprise Tax Bad News Principle Comprehensive Income Tax Dual Income Tax Earning Before Interest and Taxes European Court of Justice Growth and Investment Tax Interest Adjusted Income ... 1.4 An emerging literature Since the beginning of the 1990s, tax economists have studied the interactions between, on the one hand, irreversibility, uncertainty and investment timing, and, on the ... explained as follows On the one hand, an increase in the tax rate reduces the present value of future discounted prots and induces the rm to delay investment On the other hand, the increase in...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 14:20

... available for housing and other necessities; and  Reduce the availability of parking Reducing or eliminating off-street parking requirements, and encouraging unbundling of parking (parking is rented ... changing demands and conditions Current demographic and economic trends are increasing demand for affordable-accessible housing, and increasing the benefits to society of accommodating this increased ... (walking, cycling and public transit), and help maintain services and jobs in older neighborhoods In economically growing cities, the demand for affordable housing often exceeds supply In such...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 08:20

... of the rainforest timber industry, acquisition of rainforest on private lands, preservation of virgin rainforest and the establishment of a national rainforest research institute The Queensland ... in temperature and rainfall Changes as small as a 1°C increase in temperature and a 10% decline in rainfall result in a significant contraction of rainforest above 600 m in elevation, resulting ... (especially basalt landscapes on the tablelands and well drained, alluvial landscapes on the coastal lowlands) In pursuit of this policy of the government of that time, rainforest clearing proceeded...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:11

... on grazing lands squeezed livestock into limited areas for grazing, with a resulting reduction in the biodiversity of the grazing lands While repeating views that ascribe land degradation and desertification ... from farmers and communities to meet the growing demand in animal products in the context of shrinking resource base, there has been a widening gap between demand and domestic supply of animal products’ ... destruction of tropical forests and their replacement by grasslands is a higher risk of land degradation According to the authors, loss of biodiversity has resulted in a decline in the productivity of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20

... mechanism to share border crossing wires to maintain a good internal wire bandwidth WIN and an appropriate interface bandwidth WIF to the interface layer as shown in Figure The interface layer allows ... connected using a tunneling-link core overlaying the computing cores The computing and interface cores communicate over a single interface type indicated by the dark arrows Arrows indicate the port ... “Virtex-4 Family Overview, ” Xilinx, Version 1.3, 2005 [24] G Lemieux, E Lee, M Tom, and A Yu, “Directional and single-driver wires in FPGA interconnect,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20

... common phenomenon in nature, e.g wolves hunt in a pack to increase their success in capturing prey Animals can benefit from coordinated movement by combining individual sensing ability In the robotics ... index to represent the result All the recorded time steps and the corresponding non-dimensional performance index are included in Appendices The definition of the performance index is given in ... Gerard Leng Siew Bing, for his intellectual guidance and criticism, continuous support and understanding throughout my research and study I would also like to thank my colleagues in Cooperative...

Ngày tải lên: 15/09/2015, 22:43

... as in clinical trials,7–10 to evaluate the equivalence of the two case-control studies in assessing the risk of cancer deaths due to smoking We first defined a range of equivalence as an interval ... uncertain of the age when smoking began A validity study in Shanghai was conducted where the surviving spouse was the informant and both husband and wife had reported their smoking habits in the ... similarly affect assessment of smoking habits in the control group,1 however, insisting on a dead control group violates the study base principle, since the base consists of living subjects In the same...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:48

... following criteria were met: ankle-brachial index ≤ 0.90 in either leg; symptoms of intermittent claudication or ischemic pain at rest with examination findings including documented absence of pedal ... adds to the growing body of literature pertaining to the risk of cardiovascular disease in chronic inflammatory conditions Patients with PMR and PAD should be monitored closely and modifiable ... underlying the excess risk of PAD in PMR in order to identify and optimally treat at -risk PMR patients Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests Authors' contributions...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:20

... however, in relation to year of birth Imaging of the brain was performed on clinical indications in all cases and there was no screening—general or selective, based on risk factors of asymptomatic infants ... based on imaging of the brain using ultrasonography, CT, and/ or MRI During the study period, MRI was introduced and to some extent replaced CT for neonatal brain imaging The rate of intracranial ... advantage was the inclusion of the main indications for VE and CS, enabling us to address the question of confounding by indication The main exposures—proportion of deliveries by VE and CS, showed...

Ngày tải lên: 31/08/2015, 13:09

... we chose and cooperated with a strategic sample of three EMCCs, located at Haugesund, Stavanger and Innlandet hospitals, covering Rogaland, southern part of Hordaland, Hedmark, and Oppland counties, ... percentage of NACA and above was higher in Stavanger and Haugesund compared to Innlandet, it could indicate higher accuracy and a lower level of “overtriage” This was not the fact and differences in ... NACA score indicating non life-threatening situations Overtriage in dispatch centres is well known and demanding on the resources involved [20-22] ICPC-2 coding of the symptoms resulted in a large...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 09:56

... following areas were included in the ISA-SP: the cities of Botucatu and Campinas; an area encompassing the cities of Itapecerica da Serra, Embu, and Taboão da Serra; and the District of Butantã, in ... from groups of people who were 60 years of age or more, a total of 958 individuals All the elderly individuals interviewed in the survey were included in this analysis Survey instrument and variables ... performed using STATA 8.0 software (StataCorp LP, College Station, Texas, United States), incorporating weightings and taking the clusters and stratification used in the sample design into account...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... 28·5% in Poland to 54–57% in Spain, Finland, Austria, and France In women, the lowest estimate was also for Poland (30·9%), while survival was in the range 55–60% in nine countries (table and figure ... in women In the USA, 5-year relative survival for all races combined was 56·9% in men and 59·8% in women, with a range from 46–67% in men and 52–66% in women (table and figure 2) Again, most of ... included in the analyses, covering data definitions and methods of operation, including data collection, coding of tumour site, morphology, behaviour, and stage at diagnosis, tracing of registered...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 02:21