overview of design principles guidelines and success criteria

... TO DESIGN INTRODUCTION This chapter is an introduction to the nature and methodology of the design process and its application to the design of chemical manufacturing processes 1.2 NATURE OF DESIGN ... optimization of plant design and operation are discussed briefly in Section 1.9 When all of the candidate designs have been optimized, the best design can be selected Very often, the design engineer ... instrumentation diagrams Phase 2: Plant design, including the detailed mechanical design of equipment; the structural, civil, and electrical design; and the specification and design of the ancillary services...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 11:33

... and elements Design features, the elements and principles of design, can be called the language of art and design Pick up one of the many books on design and these elements and principles will ... understanding and sensitivity to colour and aesthetics The same design elements and principles apply to design as to fine art, and an understanding of and an ability to use these are as vital to the designer ... diversity of textile design and textile designers The diversity of the textile and clothing industries is reflected in the many different types of designers needed At every stage of manufacture of textiles...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2015, 15:14

... groups of people NGOs' size as well as the scope of their activities can vary considerably Some NGOs consist of a rather limited number of persons; others may have thousands of members and hundreds ... specific projects, and from €75,000 to grants of €100,000 or more to finance operational costs of organisations • So that applicants can be informed quickly of the possibility of success of their applications, ... ensure maximum transparency and stricter control of how the EU funding is distributed and spent This section will give a brief overview of key transparency standards and control requirements Transparency...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 15:20

... a brief overview of such exploits and how they work Buffer Overflows and Denial of Service Buffer overflows exist in programs usually because of poor programming and bounds checking of variables ... it as a means of improving productivity and enabling the technology of the future, both of which represent measurably increased profitability and genuine business advantage Understanding the Threats ... understand the methods and techniques adopted in designing and implementing secure networks If you are looking for a detailed book documenting the pro’s and con’s of security architectures and how...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... Industry and Trade – DakLak Branch 1.2.1 The process of formation and development of Vietnam Bank for Industry and Trade - DakLak Branch Vietinbank Dak Lak is a member of VietinBank Vietnam, and was ... object of VietinBank, about over 32% in total volume of short term lending in 2008 Next was joint-stock company with the volume of lending of 24,73% and limited company with the volume of lending of ... VietinBank Vietnam on 12/02/1999 of the Chairman of the Board of VietinBank Vietnam After the preparation of the infrastructure, personnel and organizations, VietinBank DakLak officially started to operate...

Ngày tải lên: 21/05/2014, 10:17

... Communications of the Society of Mathematics, Kharkow (1892) [16] J D Mirzov, On some analogs of Sturm’s and Kneser’s theorems for nonlinear systems, Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications ... the proof of both theorems is a Picone type identity as in [1, 13] and the variational characterization of the first eigenvalue which can be obtained from the Rayleigh quotient (see [4, 12], and ... L(u,v) = a.e in (a,b) if and only if u = kv for some k ∈ R We are ready to prove Theorems 1.1 and 1.2 Proof of Theorem 1.1 Let us assume that (1.1) is disconjugate, and let us prove that λ1 >...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 21:20

... quality of guidelines [14], rate the Page of quality of evidence and strength of recommendations [15], inform developers about potential problems with implementation [13], and help adapt existing guidelines ... concept of guideline implementability To better understand the concept of implementability and the relationship between characteristics of guidelines and their uptake by physicians, the objectives of ... http://www.implementationscience.com/content/6/1/69 of guidelines and their relationship with uptake Metaethnography offers a systematic approach to synthesis to better understand specific attributes of guidelines and their relationship...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:20

... surface engineering 2.3 Directions of development of surface engineering 2.3.1 Perfection and combination of methods of manufacturing of surface layers 2.3.2 Design of surface layers, based on mathematical ... guns 2.3.2 Design of electron beam heaters 2.3.3 Types of beams and patterns 2.4 Physical fundamentals of interaction of electron beam with treated material 2.4.1 Mechanism of interaction of electron ... the beginnings of differentiation between military and civilian engineering In more modern times the concept of engineering embraced the art of design and construction of all types of structures...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... properties; – improvement of reliability of work of tools, machine components and appliances and reduction of failures Poor design and improper service conditions are the cause of 15% of down time, while ... - the skill of making fire Several tens of thousands of years B.C man already used improved stone and bone utensils, like knives, awls, engravers, saws and drills) and several thousand years ago ... methods of surface hardening; combined application of nitriding and implantation of nitrogen ions or boriding with implantation of boron ions; application of vacuum deposition of coatings by PVD and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... diameter of the focal spot, heats successive points of the load, changing its position by leaps (e.g., with leap time of 10 µs) and © 1999 by CRC Press LLC 2.4 Physical fundamentals of interaction of ... treated material 2.4.1 Mechanism of interaction of electron beam with treated material Independent of type of beam or method of scanning, the character of interaction of the electron beam with the ... excitement and ionization of atoms They may also evoke the emission of X-ray and gamma radiation Proportions between the scale of phenomena occurring depend on electron energy and on the nature of the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... object of research, design, enhancement (during the manufacturing process) and, finally, of wear (during service) is the solid surface The solid surface - of a tool, of a part of a machine, of an ... image of the real structure of a solid, including metals, which is of special interest to us is “a set of interruptions of macro and microscopic continuity, consisting of crevices, porosity and ... (Physics and Chemistry of Material Treatment), No 5, 1974, pp 78-86 Ryzkov, F.N., Baskakov, A.V., and Uglov, A.A.: The amplitude of electron beam oscillation and its effect on the shape and size of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... resonance stimulation 3.2.2.1 Inversion of occupation of energy levels Inversion of occupation of energy levels consists of inversion of the energy structure of the set of quantum systems, appropriate ... diffusion coefficient of the majority of liquids is of the order of 10-5 cm2/s A molecule reaches the depth of 10 nm in a time of approximately 10 -6 s [6] It follows that the exchange of molecules between ... result of defects of the crystalline lattice, during deformation (slip planes) and chipping of solids, causing the exposure of new surfaces, nucleation of new phases, etc The dimensions and properties...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... efficiency of laser heating is very low This efficiency depends on the type and design of the laser heater and on the absorption coefficient of the heated surface On the average, the efficiency of heating ... boundary of melted material propagates inward, thereby increasing the zone of melted material to the moment of breaking off of heating or equalizing the amount of heat delivered with the amount of ... effectiveness of laser heating depends on the heat balance of absorbed power within the thin subsurface layer of cold material and power given off to the environment by way of radiation of the heated...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... surface of the laser-melted pool A usable effect of densification is an increase of hardness and improvement of surface smoothness, an enhancement of © 1999 by CRC Press LLC Fig 3.41 Effect of laser ... (LSA) consists of simultaneous melting and mixing of the alloying and the alloyed (substrate) material The action and pressure of the laser beam cause both materials to melt; a pool of molten material ... composites of hard and refractory materials form mixtures of powders of these materials with powders of the plated steel or powders of iron, used as bonding For example, in the case of the WC+Fe...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... showing laser hardening of pistons and of piston rings: a) outer diameter surface of piston ring; b) flat side surface of piston ring; c) surface of groove bottom in cast steel and cast iron piston; ... site of hardening Fig 3.57 Laser hardening of cylinder wall: a) comparison of wear; b) way of hardening causing more uniforme wear; - curve of wear of laser hardened cylinder wall; - curve of wear ... 119-121 187 Komorek, Z., and Bojar, Z.: Effect of chemical composition and parameters of laser treatment of superficial layer on selected properties of protective layers of nickel-base casting...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... fragmentation of inclusions and precipitations present in the implanted material and to a refinement and homogenization of the structure of that material [38, 65] Atrophy of grain boundaries [71] and dislocations ... Effect of number of impacts on impact wear of different metals and alloys: a) not implanted; b) implanted by nitrogen ions of 100 keV energy, dose of 4·1017 N+/cm2, beam current of µA and beam ... radii of ion paths with masses m1, and m 2; B vector of induction of magnetic field Mass separators Separators are used for precise selection of ions in the beam, based on an analysis of mass of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... cracking of ceramics and sintered carbides is enhanced by the implantation of Zr, Cr and Ti 4.6.3 Hardness and adhesion of implanted materials Ion implantation of the majority of metallic, ceramic and ... by the implantation of Ti and Mo ions Optical properties of glasses and of synthetic materials is modified by the implantation of Nb, Ti, Mo, Zr and Y ions 4.7 Application of implantation technology ... of the object, e.g as a result of loading, wear, chemical action of the environment The structure of the superficial layer, constituting a “set of elements of the real surface of the object and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... rise of the unevenness of the surface, the degree of corrosiveness of the environment (e.g., a rise of its humidity) and the degree of corrosion (most often the degree of oxidation) All of these ... surface structure and on the type of material of the external zone of the superficial layer and they characterize a set of geometric-material properties of the real surface and of the adherent ... significant amounts of carbon, oxygen and sodium, as well as small amounts of chlorine and sulfur [14] Zone IV constitutes a layer of oxides of the core metal, created as the result of a chemical reaction...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... of attraction of substances (gases, vapors, solids in solution, ions and liquids) and their collection at the surface of solids and liquids, at the interface between solid and gas or liquid and ... amount of energy, called heat of adsorption, is exchanged with the environment It assumes a value of the order of heat of evaporation of the adsorbate and usually is contained within the limits of ... moment of exceeding of the material’s strength, manifest by the formation of microcracks Submicrostresses may be the cause of high hardness and strength of metal alloys [33] Independently of the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21

... examples of the correlation between the atomic number Z of an element and the catalytic activity of certain metals for the reaction of ammonia decomposition at a temperature of 800ºC and pressure of ... number of changes of loading increases in metals and alloys, successively, there come about local plastic deformation in particular grains, formation of slip bands, division of grains into blocks and ... surface of the softer material by the protruding asperities of the harder material and closing of the surface in both materials The peaks of asperities of the harder material may scratch the softer...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 12:21