overlay analysis in gis

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Ngày tải lên: 03/01/2014, 19:40

... extents, coarse-graining transferring information with increasing grain size, and fine-graining transferring information with decreasing grain size. Sometimes, upscaling and downscaling refer specifically ... downscaling, the two steps are disaggregating information and singling out (Figure 2.1). Disaggregating coarse-grained information is to derive the detailed pattern within a spatial domain (fine-graining) ... studies in scaling and uncertainty analysis that are relevant to ecology. The series of case studies included here illustrate how scaling and uncertainty analysis are being conducted in ecology...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 19:20

... should be incorporated into the test. Uncertainty analysis is the attainment of some understanding of the type and magnitude of uncertainty encompassing the variables to be tested, and using it ... uncertainty should not be included in the probabilistic analysis unless its impact on the project result, within the expected margins of uncertainty, is significant. The reason for including ... scenarios generated in the analysis. Decision criteria By using a discount rate that allows for risk, investment decision criteria normally used in deterministic analysis maintain their validity...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 07:20

... an insurance company and investment portfolios 3.3.1 Mathematical appendix 5 3.4 Risks in traditional and innovative methods in life insurance 3.5 Reinsurance risks 3.6 Extended analysis of insurance ... of optimal investment. In the previous sections we studied investment strategies (portfolios) from the point of view of hedging contingent claims. Another criterion for comparing invest- ment ... dollars) and invests the obtained 46.8 dollars in a bank account. Note that in both examples the ‘minimal hedging’ price coincides with the ‘risk- neutral’ price and they differ from the intuitive...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 06:20

... effective financial analysis. Financial analysis means examining the overall financial situation of the business in a certain time. The financial analysis is particularly important in the management ... business as a basis for decision- making. The indicators reflecting corporate financial analysis quality are: - The quality of the input information. - The methods applying in appropriate analysis. - ... (operated in areas such as: manufacturing, tourism, travel, training, consulting ), the difference between business financial analysis of financial and non-financial enterprises is that the analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:44

... terrain for an ever-increasing range of GIS applications. At the same time, GIS users are becoming increasingly aware of the effects of error in their applications. In the digital terrain modelling ... error-directed point insertion. For the purpose of inserting constraining linear features into the pyramid, the method of classifying vertices by means of the vertical error criterion is inadequate, since ... of researchers working in such disciplines as photogrammetry, surveying, cartography, civil and mining engineering, geology, geography and hydrology. The uncoordinated and independent nature...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 09:20

... extracted in fraction 4. That organic fraction, probably with high molar mass, appeared less soluble and more strongly linked to copper, retaining it in the sediment independently of the increase in ... those that contain especially primary and secondary minerals capable of maintaining metals in their crystalline structures were not considered. Thus, the pres- ence of such metals in the water column ... month in the period of high water (from January to April/2000) (Fig. 4) that was not included in the central group. That may be explained by inspection of the concentration values in Table 1. In...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:22

... common issues; writing studies/stories; and planning. KEY COMMON ISSUES In reviewing individual case studies and synthesizing the most striking things and the missing or underemphasized elements, nine common issues ... absence of alternative income-producing crops. Incomes and living standards have declined. As the commercial value of ginger increased, the Brahmin-Chhetri communities began taking over its cultivation ... Women’s projects; increasing Reconceptualizing the women’s productivity and development process income; increasing women’s taking gender and other ability to look after the inequalities into account; household...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 04:20

... IR. In par- ticular, we explored an extension of the ~phrase- based indexing in the CLARIT TM system ° using a hybrid approach to the extraction of meaning- ful (continuous or discontinuous) ... possibly en- compassing many different domains and top- ics. A parser must be able to manage the many kinds of problems one sees in natural-language corpora, including the processing of unknown ... Generator / Meaningful Subcompounds Figure 1: General Processing for Phrase Generation After preprocessing, the system works in two stages parsing and generation. In the parsing stage, each...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 09:20

... ambiguities in word meaning confronting the human attempting this task. In the same thing, there are problems how to find an English term corresponding to the Japanese technical terms not stored in ... phases: analysis, transfer andgeneration. In the first phase of machine translation. analysis, morphological analysis divides the sentence into lexical items and then proceeds with semantic analysis ... Mu-Machine Translation Project. COTING84. (4; Nakai, H. and Satoh, M. : A Dictionary with Taigen as its Core, Working Group Report of Natural Language Processing in Information Processing Society...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:21

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 03:20

... Market and Credit Risk in the Financial Technology Group at Summit Systems, Inc. in New York. He joined Summit as Financial Engineer in 1993, previously working as a Financial Analyst at Banco ... and an MBA in Finance from Cornell University. Shanming Shi works in the quantitative trading group of proprietary trading at J. P. Morgan. He earned his Ph.D. of Systems Engineering in 1994 ... smaller, monthly sampling is taken to represent a worst-case scenario as the upper bound to the sampling interval relevant for finance. In practice, most continuous-time models in finance are estimated...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 12:20

... Contextual Analysis 41 to pinpoint the meaning of many nouns which are ambiguous even within an ideoglossary by reference to the class of the accompanying adjective, or to specified key words in ... title or opening sentences of the text. There is no question that the kind of study in syntax and semantics which can be realized with the aid of machine techniques will result in the discovery ... techniques will result in the discovery of usable principles of associ- ation, so vital in the operation of what is called "contextual analysis& quot;. ...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... support vector machines. In Proceedings of the NAACL. Sadao Kurohashi and Makoto Nagao. 1997. Building a Japanese Parsed Corpus while Improving the Pars- ing System. In Proceedings of the NLPRS, ... mentioned. How- ever, determining the beginnings of clauses is dif- ficult in a single process because all features men- tioned above are local information. Therefore, the global information is also used ... 188 talks in the CSJ, which contain 6,255 quotations and 818 inserted clauses. We used 20 talks for testing. The test data included 643 quotations and 76 inserted clauses. For train- ing, we used...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20