origin of christmas tree in britain

... the thinner films still have crystalline structure, as shown in the Raman scattering data in Fig. 4(c). The widths of the Raman peaks in the thinner films are slightly wider, indicating longer interatomic ... force. 19 Since our sample has its c axis perpendicular to the sample surface, the ponderomotive force and the thermal force that originate from the electric 064307-2 ORIGIN OF COHERENT PHONONS IN Bi 2 Te 3 ... address: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712. † These two authors contributed equally to this work. ‡ Corresponding author: xxu@purdue.edu 1 R....

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:54

... the thinner films still have crystalline structure, as shown in the Raman scattering data in Fig. 4(c). The widths of the Raman peaks in the thinner films are slightly wider, indicating longer interatomic ... address: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712. † These two authors contributed equally to this work. ‡ Corresponding author: xxu@purdue.edu 1 R. ... T e,max 064307-3 ORIGIN OF COHERENT PHONONS IN Bi 2 Te 3 PHYSICAL REVIEW B 88, 064307 (2013) theverythinBi 2 Te 3 films can be wider, for example, ∼0.25 eV in 5-nm-thick films compared with 0.15 eV in bulk, 33 but still...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:58

... electrode/electrolyte interface. Indeed, the increase in internal defects and isolated active regions which hardly react with the electrolyte can increase the charge transfer resistance during continued cycling in ... examine the origin of the drastic capacity fading suffered in the nano-sized Co 3 O 4 anode system. In addition, the intimate association of cycling performance with the impedance elements in equivalent ... rapidly increased in the following cycles. This behavior is indicative of the stabilization of SEI layers achieved during the initial 50 cycles, which does not support the sudden decay of capacity...

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Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2012, 10:02

... finite set of initial trees, A is a finite set of auxiliary trees. An initial tree is a tree with root labeled by S and internal nodes and leaf nodes labeled by nonterminal and terminal symbols, ... studying tag parsing. The schemes using lig and cfg to represent parses can be seen to underly most of the existing tag parsing algorithms, 1 Introduction We study parsing of tree adjoining ... derived using the rewrit- ing rules of the grammar. A derivation tree of the grammar, on the other hand, is a tree that encodes the sequence of rewritings used in deriving a derived tree. In the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 10:20

... 789,000 ha of land is registered in the Province; including 340,000 ha of hak milik, and 363,000 ha of HGU. 33 The over 50 percent of farmers who have a low income and can not invest in clonal ... seedlings but the quality is often low; hence the rate of growth is slow and yields disappointing. Slow growth increases fire risk in the early years. lack of funds to finance upkeep of a ... forestry 7 Involving farmers in the preservation of tree cover and fire prevention 7 South Sumatra Province: A Prime Example 8 3. FORESTS, TREE CROPS AND PEOPLE IN SOUTH SUMATRA PROVINCE 9...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 10:20

... recent data indicate a drop of LGS loans in terms of numbers and volume in Britain compared to a continued rise in Germany, as well as continuing differences between the countries regarding the ... lending to SMEs in Britain still has a more short-term structure. Concerning density of branch networks, statistical data support a lower density in Britain than in Germany. In 1995, in the ... still higher in Germany than it was in 1995 in Britain. As Hildebrandt (1999, 2000) has shown in a German-French comparison of banking, the higher density of branches in Germany is mainly due...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... P., Wikberg, J.E. & Szardenings, M. (1998) Chimeric melanocortin MC1 and MC3 receptors: identification of domains participating in binding of melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides. Mol. Pharmacol. ... SacMC4-A59E receptor. The binding curves were obtained by using a fixed concentration of 2n M 125 I-labelled NDP-MSH and varying concentrations of the nonlabeled competing peptide. Lines represent the ... m M sodium acetate and 1 m M EDTA) resulting in a single band. The original double band had different relative intensity in the ethidium bromide staining and the hybridization signal. It is thus...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 20:22

... Conclusions In conclusion, we investigated the formation of interference fringes in the s-NSOM measurement of a single nanoslit. Both amplitude and phase of the interference fringes were obtained, ... resolution on the order of 10 nm. In this work we report investigation of the interferometric patterns commonly occurred in s-NSOM measurements. To reveal the origin of such interference patterns, ... EXPRESS 2968 The origin of interferometric effect involving surface plasmon polariton in scattering near- field scanning optical microscopy Yan Li, 1 Nan Zhou, 1 Edward C. Kinzel, 2 Xifeng...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:54

... Conclusions In conclusion, we investigated the formation of interference fringes in the s-NSOM measurement of a single nanoslit. Both amplitude and phase of the interference fringes were obtained, ... on near-field imaging of mid-infrared surface phonon polariton (SPhP) [21]. The interference pattern observed in [21] was explained as the interference between the illuminating field and the ... 2971 distinct fringes appear on the lower part, the direction of the incoming laser beam, while no fringe or only slow intensity variation appears on the upper part of the nanoslit. All fringes...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:58

... were provided in trans. This extended hairpin, capable of acting as an origin of replication, lacks the arrangement of the specific domains present in the dimer duplex intermediate of MVM, the ... functionality of the left hairpin of LuIII as an origin of replication in the extended double stranded form a replication model of LuIII can be predicted result- ing in equivalent amounts of plus and minus ... an essential cofactor for NS1 in the replication initiation process allowing efficient and specific nicking of the 3' minimal origin and leaving NS1 covalently attached to the 5' end of the...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... depending upon the pattern of demyelination and injury. In pattern II lesions, the number of cells expressing CCR1 significantly decreased, while CCR5 increased in LA compared to EA demyelinating ... demyelination (Fig. 2E). During the clinical remission phase (day 18), inflamma- tion and demyelination in the spinal cord were consider- ably diminished (Fig. 3G, 3I) and the number of infiltrating ... in combination with a lack of recruitment into the CNS late in the disease due to a decrease in the expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules. Another possibility is the exhaustion of infil- trating...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... ter- minus in the double stranded extended form. This extended hairpin, capable of acting as an origin of replica- tion, lacks the arrangement of the specific domains present in the dimer duplex intermediate ... leading to the formation of a dimer duplex inter- mediate (dRF) in which two unit length copies of the genome are joined by a single duplex copy of the original 3' palindrome [8,10,12,13]. In ... were provided in trans. This extended hairpin, capable of acting as an origin of replication, lacks the arrangement of the specific domains present in the dimer duplex intermediate of MVM, the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... 6:130 http://www.nanoscalereslett.com/content/6/1/130 Page 3 of 7 In summary, the origin of red emission in chemically obtained ZnO nanotubes has been investigated by EL spectra. The as-grown samples were annealed in different ambient ... were gradually increased after annealing in air, oxygen ambi- ents, and decrease in argon ambient. However, in nitrogen ambient, t he EL emission of the red peak in the range of 690–750 nm was increased, ... the ratio of these defects is more in the case of oxygen. As the orange-red emission is attributed to oxygen interstitials O i [22], the annealing in oxygen ambient inc reases the amount of oxyge...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... work, we can do a little better by exploiting our knowledge of the small errors originating from the missing vertex in P. In principle ladder diagrams can be included explicitly via the Bethe– Salpeter ... E QSGW g % E expt g ỵ 0:25 eV for most semiconductors [41]), and the origin of the error can be explained in terms of ladder diagrams missing in the random phase approximation (RPA) to the polarizability ... QSGW results confirm the experimental evidence of asymmetric bandgap bowing. It is explained in terms of violations of the octet rule, as well as in terms of the order–disorder phase transition. Keywords...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20