... obtained inthe pull-down assays, showing that there is a physical interaction between the N- and C-terminal domains of SSIII in vitro Mapping ofthe CD-binding region inthe N-terminal SBDs In order ... addition of these SBD proteins increased the apparent affinity of SSIII for glycogen Moreover, kinetic experiments arein agreement with the protein–protein interaction assays, suggesting the importance ... mgÆmL)1), indicating that the addition of D123 increases the apparent affinity ofthe CD protein for the polysaccharide However, the CD+D123 protein only partially restored the Vmax value ofthe full-length...
... immune inhibition inthe induction of oral tolerance inthe murine CIA model We examined the change inthe expression of IDO in CD11c+ DCs of Peyer's patches after repeated oral administration of ... The authors are grateful to Professor Andrew H Kang for providing the CII This work was supported by a grant (R11-2002-098-01001-0) from the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation through the ... cells increases in Peyer's patches and spleens of tolerized mice [13] Among the various immune cells involvedinthe induction of oral tolerance, dendritic cells (DCs) may play a major role in linking...
... located at the catalytic site of GalNAc-T1, might be involvedinthe catalytic function ofthe enzyme To investigate whether the cysteine residues modified by PCMPS areinvolvedinthe binding of UDP-GalNAc, ... University) [22,23], containing a cDNA encoding the insulin signal sequence and the Protein A-IgG binding domain, was inserted into NheI-HindIII digested pcDNA3.1, producing the vector, pInsProA pDN42 was ... includes the GalNAc-T1 DXH motif (underlined above), a region believed to be involvedin coordination of a divalent cation orthe binding of UDP-GalNAc [16,28,29] The two cysteine residues in the...
... for only one, the atpF intron, while CRS2 is involvedinthe splicing of nine ofthe 10 chloroplast group IIB introns [6,15,37] The expression of CRS2 in E coli together with the corresponding ... be located at the C-terminus ofthe protein although binding ofthe C-terminus half (CH) is only half ofthe full-length protein (Fig 3) Interestingly, the binding efficiency ofthe full-length ... RNA processing, and the inability to form the dimer results in a loss of function Interestingly, the dimer formation was found to be located at the C-terminus half ofthe protein, and the single...
... alanine residue was inserted after Phe18 in order to disrupt a helix–helix packing interface involving the aminoacid residues on both sides ofthe insertion [40] Inthe other two mutants, the ... absent in a mutant devoid of Cys28 (not shown), thus indicating the involvement of Cys28 inthe formation ofthe adduct The 21.4-kDa band corresponded to a homodimer of subunit e resulting from the ... was performed inthe presence of NEM instead of CuCl2 Cross-linking conditions are described inthe experimental procedure After dissociation of samples with SDS inthe presence of 20 mM of NEM,...
... teachers inthe teaching staff arein charge of different subjects Eleven of them are teachers of English, including males and females Most of them are young teachers, the oldest of whom is 44 ... 1.2 The aims ofthe study: The study aims to investigate: What kinds of visual aids are used intheprocessof English at KrongBuk High School? What are they used for and how they are used ... chapter reports and discusses the results ofthe study The findings ofthe study ofthe study are presented in five main following issues: (1) What kinds of visual aids are used at KrongBuk High...
... (Waring, Running 1998) Forest floor is very important for forest soils affecting a number of their properties It is the regulator of runoff of rainfall water in watersheds, decreases the hazard of ... of a forest ecosystem from the point of view ofthe element cycle preservation in forest ecosystems and maintaining their ecological stability The condition and form of humus in forest ... within the limits 5.0–6.8% In 2004–2006, the content of total nitrogen ranged within the limits 1.1–1.3% for L horizon, 1.2–1.6% for F horizon and 0.7–1.0% for H horizon Inthe organomineral horizon...
... using cap-FLuc reporter mRNA inthe absence or presence of increasing amounts ofthe indicated proteins (B) Functionality ofthe Ubx-IRES in a dicistronic reporter mRNA in vitro The effect ofthe ... residues in all proteins orin two species are indicated as black and gray boxes, respectively Both elements ofthe RRM are squared (C) Autoradiography of [35S]Met incorporation inin vitro transcription/translation ... in their respective 3¢-UTRs (62 nucleotides for the long and 409 nucleotides for the short form) The ORFs predict a Dm-eIF4B-L isoform of 459 amino acids (52.2 kDa) and a Dm-eIF4B-S isoform of...
... addition of anti-Sp1 or anti-Sp3 IgG, indicating they contain proteins other than Sp1 or Sp3 It is not clear whether these unknown factors interact with Sp1 or Sp3, facilitating their binding to ... Sp3 has been reported to repress the promoters ofthe genes coding for uteroglobin [26], the thrombin receptor [27], and HTLV-III [28] by competitively binding to Sp1 binding sites In this study, ... also resulted in increased levels of Sp3 protein, the greatest increase being seen inthe levels ofthe 110 kDa protein (Fig 5) These Sp3 proteins with different molecular masses are presumably...
... illumination (Figure 5A) To evaluate whether the phosphorylation of PSII proteins is related to redistribution of energy in plants lacking the DnaJ proteins, the phosphorylation levels ofthe major ... Activase inthe mutants reported here, suggests that the three small chloroplast DnaJ proteins areinvolvedinthe folding, unfolding, or assembly processes of this enzyme and thus participate in regulation ... phosphoprotein profiles inthe course of long-term HL illumination of both the WT and DnaJ mutant plants Indeed, the changes inthe phosphorylation pattern of thylakoid proteins revealed the capacity of...
... kinases [8,19,20] Further supporting a role for the importance of these kinases in controlling microbial infection arethe findings that pathogenic strains of various bacteria block inflammatory ... through the mannose receptor inthe absence of opsonins However, there is no report directly linking mycobacterial binding to the mannose receptor to activation of signalling pathways In fact, Reiling ... pathway leading to activation ofthe iNOS gene is phosphorylation of cellular targets, mediated in part by the MAP kinase family In addition, binding ofthe transcription factor NFκB to the iNOS promoter...
... strategy for patients with severe respiratory failure Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests Author details Clinical Fellow, Department of Critical Care Medicine, ... CESAR is the first contemporary randomized controlled trial of ECMO referral for respiratory failure in adults compared to conventional supportive critical care Importantly, the intervention in CESAR ... treatment groups, intention-to-treat analysis, incorporation of transport risk into trial design, and a robust economic analysis The forethought of their design allows the findings to be considered...
... especially inthe area of carcinogenesis; (2) lackof understanding or consideration of bioavailability and the inherent complexity of flavonoid interactions inthein vitro experiments, which are subsequently ... and processors need to use standard conditions and guidelines for growing, harvesting, formulating, and packaging of herbal preparations Good sources for this kind of information are found in ... conducted in vitro; the 14 Risks Involvedinthe Use of Herbal Products 357 measured in vivo activities are far more subtle The reasons for incongruity are cited as (1) lackof validated in vivo biomarkers,...
... Results The enzyme involvedin catalysis ofthe fifth step of citrulline biosynthesis in wild watermelon leaves During citrulline biosynthesis, N-acetylornithine is converted into ornithine by ... namely, phosphorylation, reduction, and transamination (Fig 1) Inthe fifth step, N-acetylornithine is converted into ornithine, which is used for synthesis of citrulline and arginine inthe urea cycle ... peptide upstream from the N-terminus of CLGAT To examine whether the precursor of CLGAT is imported into the chloroplasts, we prepared a plasmid in which the first 26 codons ofthe CLGAT FEBS Journal...
... buried inthe cofactor binding cleft Several hydrogen bonds that are responsible for binding and proper orientation ofthe aminopyrimidine ring, are conserved in all ThDP-dependent enzymes One of these, ... all ofthe tetrameric PDCs of known three-dimensional structure Binding ofthe cofactors ThDP and Mg2+ The homo-tetrameric IPDC binds four molecules ofthe cofactors ThDP and Mg2+ The ThDP binding ... contributing to these interfaces is located inthe PYR and middle domains The interface contains 10 hydrogen bonds in IPDC The dimer–dimer interface in IPDC is smaller than the corresponding interface...
... implicated inthe biosynthesis ofthe aminonucleoside moiety of A201A Here we report the sequencing of a total of 6946 bp, which include the ata genes most likely implicated inthe biosynthesis of this ... known or putative genes that are known or proposed to be implicated inthe biosynthesis ofthe aminonucleoside moiety of puromycin [6–8] Interestingly, their organization is identical to that ofthe ... [33,34] In contrast, its similarity to type III PKSs, which lack this domain, is scant This domain promotes the binding ofthe acyl-CoA initiation unit to the ketosynthetase domain ofthe PKSs for...
... listed in Table that most, if not all, ofthe amylose is synthesized in vivo when the rate of amylopectin synthesis becomes minimal At these moments the rates of amylopectin synthesis are only 5% of ... certainly does not exceed the rate of amylopectin synthesis The increase in crystallinity witnessed during these first 12 h is in line with the high rates observed for amylopectin synthesis However between ... concentrations, GBSSI incorporated glucose massively into amylose-like glucans In vivo evidence supporting the involvement of GBSSI in amylopectin synthesis was produced in Chlamydomonas by Maddelein et al...
... results of [Koz] and ofthe proof ofthe renormalization theorem in [LvS] provides Theorem 2.3 The outline ofthe proof is given in Appendix 5.3 Theorem 2.1 is a trivial consequence of Theorems ... intersection of two disks ofthe same radius in such a way that two points ofthe intersection ofthe boundaries of these disks are joined by I and the angle of this intersection at these points ... periodic point belonging to the boundary ofor a point ofthe forward orbit ofthe boundary of T1 ; thus in any case the point f k (y) cannot be inside of T0 In both cases we have obtained contradictions,...
... PilN and PilO are inner membrane proteins that probably form part ofthe assembly platform and areinvolvedinthe assembly ofthe DNA translocator complex inthe inner membrane The potential ... for transformation and may be implicated in retraction ofthe PilA4-comprising DNA translocator transporting the DNA through the periplasmic space Binding ofthe DNA to the DNA-binding protein ... substrate for fatty acylation and, thereby, be involvedin membrane anchoring ofthe pilin Since PilA4 is similar to the meningococcal pilin and contains several central serine residues, it is tempting...
... accessibility of tryptophan residues of d2-crystallin inthe native form ANS binding Fig Equilibrium unfolding of duck d-crystallin in GdnHCl (A) Unfolding monitored by changes in tryptophan fluorescence ... the formation of dimers during the dissociation step (Fig 1) These results arein agreement with the double dimer structure ofthe tetrameric d2-crystallin The crystal structure ofthe protein ... weight of monomeric d2-crystallin Multistep unfolding of monomeric d2-crystallin Further increases in GdnHCl concentration induced unfolding ofthe dissociated monomers This unfolding process was investigated...