optical and electrical modeling of nanocrystalline solar cells

... applications and challenges with bifacial solar cells and modules 10 Background 10 2.1.1 Bifacial solar cells and module structures 10 2.1.2 History of bifacial solar cells and modules ... and cost estimation of bifacial solar cells and modules For conventional monofacial solar cells and modules, standards have been adopted to rate them in terms of output power and efficiency under ... Each of the topics mentioned above is vast and can be studied in separation This work focuses on the characterisation and standardisation of bifacial solar cells and modules and the performance of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 08:13

... Summary of optical and electrical characterisation of buried junction Si planar, SiNWire and SiNWall solar cell 40 Table I-V characterisation of planar Si and core-shell SiNW solar cell ... work, features and working principles of conventional planar Si solar cell and novel SiNW solar cell have been studied and compared, highlighting the advantages and promising prospect of SiNWs in ... respectively and a vertical tilt of 7° for every implant BF2 core implant was done with dose of 2.5 x 1013 cm-2 and energy of 80 keV; phosphorus shell implant was done with dose of 1015 cm-2 and energy of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/10/2015, 17:35

... ACF of {εI (n)} and that of {φI (n)} in Star Wars IV (b) The ACF of {εP (n)} and that of {φP (n)} in The Silence of 1 the Lambs 125 63 The ACF of {A3 (ε)} and ... Troopers and (b) the base layer of the spatially scalable The Silence of the Lambs coded at different Q 118 57 The mean sizes of P and B-frames of each GOP given the size of ... Correlation Modeling P and B-Frame Sizes D Modeling the Enhancement Layer Analysis of the Enhancement Layer Modeling I-Frame Sizes Modeling P and B-Frame Sizes...

Ngày tải lên: 26/02/2014, 07:20

... partially oxidized and the signal of the reduced species increased as a result of oxidation Identification of the active isoform Because of disulfide scrambling HPLC-purified isoforms rapidly re-equilibrate, ... conformation Mel-JuSo-H and -wt cell lines were kind gifts of R L de Swart [22], Institute of Virology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Briefly, the Mel-JuSo-H and Mel-JuSo-wt cells were thawed, ... an association time of 300 s and a dissociation of 180 s under a constant flow rate of 20 lLÆmin)1 at 25 °C The sensorgram profile of each run was subtracted by the signal of the irrelevant peptide...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... blue) and standard (magenta) substrates after ns of MD (C) Overlay of positions of N-propionyl modified (light blue) and standard (magenta) substrates after ns of MD (D) Molecular surface of the ... hydrolysis of N-formyl, N-glycolyl and N-propionyl derivatives of the standard N-acetyl substrate) than A oryzae (2–5% hydrolysis) The cloning and sequencing of PoHex and analysis of the corresponding ... buffer system of Laemmli [21] (Fig 1C, lanes and 9, respectively) Another protein band with a 2470 Fig Optimization of PoHex production and purification (A), (B) Time course of secretion of PoHex from...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 23:20

... Structure and composition of the WO3 nanorods The Fig 1a and b are typical images acquired on tungsten oxide nanorods in taping AFM and CAFM mode, respectively The topographical image of Fig 1a ... thickness and width of the nanorods depend on the deposition time that does not influence their length and density The image in Fig presents the thickness profile in of nanorod by mean of cross-sections ... proportional to the density of the rods This evidences that the formation of the nanorods results of a competition between the both 1-D and 3-D growth processes Figs and illustrate the structure...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:48

... size of WO film decreases as the amount of SiO binder is increased w3x Thus the addition of a suitable amount of SiO in WO sol–gel is believed to increase the porosity of the composite film and ... methodology andror microstructure of the polycrystals In this paper, we have investigated the effects of binders on the sensing characteristics and the structural electrical properties of WO films ... surface andror on the GB of a polycrystal is not an intimate contact, and the neutral surface Fermi level of this non-intimate contact varies according to the species and the amount of adsorbed...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:04

... the nanocrystalline TiO2 rods and hollow tubes, consisting of aggregates of nanorods of ∼10 nm in diameter The nanocrystalline TiO2 thus prepared appears to have an engraved surface morphology and ... surface morphology and consists mainly of the anatase and minor amount of rutile and brookite It is also demonstrated that microstructure and phase content of the nanocrystalline TiO2 can be tailor-made ... ratio) The straight and parallel stripes (referred to Figs 4b and 4c) on the surface of the rods and hollow tubes may result from the aggregates of the smaller and finer nanorods of ∼10 nm in diameter...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:07

... domain of EstD (amino acid residues 150–412) The schematic structural model consists of six a-helixes and has one central b-sheet made up of six b-strand-strands (Fig 3A) The first and second b-strand ... homologues and sequences of the esterase and lipase families using the Tcoffee server (http://www.igs.cnrs-mrs.fr/Tcoffee/tcoffee_cgi/index cgi) [36] The alignment was further corrected by hand A ... connecting strand b5 and helix a3, while Asp347 and His378 are located on loops between b7–a7 and b8–a8, respectively (Fig 3A) In the crystal structure of Est30, a covalently bound ligand is present...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 09:20

... considered and the effects of size and geometry have not been taken into account [85, 86] The layer of the capping ligand also shifts towards higher wavelengths and dampens the plasmon band of individual ... between the band separation and the ratio d/D, which is independent of the absolute size of the particles [88] On the other hand the intensity of the bands increases by two orders of magnitude ... properties In this thesis, a series of physicochemical studies on the collective optical and electrical properties of superstructures consisting of silver and gold nanoparticles are presented...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 15:05

... progenitor cells (MAPCs), are the stem cells Page of 15 forming bone marrow [33] Their role is maintenance and turnover of blood cells and immune system The high rate of regeneration of the liver, ... presence of adequate factors–as occurs in mesenchymal stem cells, which are able to differentiate into cells of an ectodermal (neurons and skin) and endodermal (hepatocytes, lung and intestinal cells) ... stem cells, mainly located in the protuberance of hair follicle and which are capable of self-renewal for long time periods and differentiation into specialized cells, and transient amplifying cells, ...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... better understanding of the mechanisms of drug action and drug resistance may ultimately lead to new approaches for circumventing resistance and improve patient survival However, in spite of recent ... paclitaxel, and we use gene expression profiling to identify genes and pathways that may be important to the development of drug resistance in ovarian cancer Methods Cell line and generation of drug ... from the cell surface and cell movement for cisplatin resistance, proteasome regulation and steroid biosynthesis for doxorubicin resistance, and control of translation and oxidative stress for...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 08:20

... aim of providing further understanding of the optical nature of Mn-doped ZnO HMSs, UV-visible [vis] and PL spectra are used to study their optical characteristics, and the corresponding mechanism ... silent), and A1 + E1 modes (infrared active) Moreover, the A1 + E1 modes are polar and split into the transverse optical and longitudinal optical [LO] phonons E2 modes with two modes of low and high ... coordination route of EG which directs the formation of Mn-doped ZnO HMSs in view of morphology transformation A lot of EG molecules are adsorbed on the (001) surface of the ZnO crystals and block the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... Foundation of China (No 51072049), STD and ED of Hubei Province (Grant Nos 2009CDA035, 2008BAB010, 2010BFA016, and Z20091001) Author details State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power ... micrograph of the as-deposited sample It can be clearly seen that the structure includes the two layer stacks of TiO2 and ZrO2 films and that the interface layer is observed between the ZrO2 film and ... roughness of the as-deposited film and annealed ones was measured over a × μm scanning range, and the values are 1.430, 1.529, 0.625 and 0.826 nm, respectively One can see that the surface roughness of...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 21:20

... rate of Ta films with d of 10 and 20 nm The ml is determined from the slope of the lines The inset shows the Young’s modulus versus strain rate of Ta films with different values of d that of NC ... the defi  nition of m = ∂ ln(H ) / ∂ ln( ) , where H and  are the hardness and strain rate, respectively [25] The resultant m l of Ta films with d of 10 and 20 nm are 0.05 and 0.02, respectively ... obtain the effect of strain/loading rate on the mechanical response in revealing the deformation mechanism of NC metals The variations of load-depth curves of NC Ta films of d = 10 and 20 nm with...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... loops and the breakdown field strengths of BNTZ ceramics, respectively The hysteresis loops were obtained at the maximum applied electric field of 20 kV/ cm and a frequency of 50 Hz The shape of ... and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), Nation Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Research Fund (TRF), and the National Research University Project under Thailand’s Office ... structure and electrical properties of bismuth sodium titanate zirconate ceramics Nanoscale Research Letters 2012 7:57 Author details Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... aim of providing further understanding of the optical nature of Mn-doped ZnO HMSs, UV-visible [vis] and PL spectra are used to study their optical characteristics, and the corresponding mechanism ... silent), and A1 + E1 modes (infrared active) Moreover, the A1 + E1 modes are polar and split into the transverse optical and longitudinal optical [LO] phonons E2 modes with two modes of low and high ... coordination route of EG which directs the formation of Mn-doped ZnO HMSs in view of morphology transformation A lot of EG molecules are adsorbed on the (001) surface of the ZnO crystals and block the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... preparation and details of our optical system can be found in a recent publication [18] Results and Discussion Figure shows the absorption spectra for the pure P3HT polymer and three of its composites ... such as solar cells and photodetectors require enhanced transport of separated carriers and limited electron-hole recombination Thus we need to a methodology that monitors charge transport and carrier ... short-circuit and overall efficiency for polymer solar cell devices with the addition of carbon nanotubes [8, 16] However, useful optical measurements might be in monitoring the optical response of polymer...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... image of the ZnO nanowires, and it shows the nanowires with diameters of several tens nanometers Most of the nanowires have length of several to tens microns The nanowires are straight and most of ... as-grown ZnO nanowires and it reveals that the nanowires are composed of hexagonal ZnO The positions of the XRD peaks show good agreement with those of the reported standard data of hexagonal ZnO with ... important feature characteristic of hexagonal phase ZnO The bands 380 cm-1 and 410 cm-1 agree with phonon vibration frequencies of A1 (TO) and E1 (TO) modes of wurtzite ZnO, respectively The...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 01:20

... Section Optical Properties of Quantum Dot Systems Chapter InAs Quantum Dots of Engineered Height for Fabrication of Broadband Superluminescent Diodes S Haffouz and P.J Barrios Chapter Influence of Optical ... Variation of the emission spectra bandwidth and its corresponding peak wavelength as a function of the injection current The waveguide is 1mm long and with tilted () and tapered () angles of 8 and ... origin at the minimum of the ground state, and a single frequency of vibration of the phonon,  Assuming H i , H f , and H if are linear dependent of Q, and a parabolic shape of the  potential...

Ngày tải lên: 26/06/2014, 23:21