operation with ip based backbones and roaming networks

... Figure 1.8 1.3 MOTIVATIONS FOR IP- BASED WIRELESS NETWORKS Wireless networks are evolving into IP- based mobile networks Is this worldwide march toward IP- based wireless networks a short-term phenomenon ... existing IP core networks to support radio access networks and provide services to mobile users IP- based radio access systems are becoming important components of public wireless networks IP- based ... next-generation wireless IP network architectures, systems, and protocols, with a focus on the IP layer and above Several major efforts have emerged to define global standards for wireless IP networks The...

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 01:45

... Figure 1.8 1.3 MOTIVATIONS FOR IP- BASED WIRELESS NETWORKS Wireless networks are evolving into IP- based mobile networks Is this worldwide march toward IP- based wireless networks a short-term phenomenon ... (IP) for networking and can be exploited for providing mobile multimedia services This book, IP- Based Next-Generation Wireless Networks, by Jyh-Cheng Chen and Tao Zhang, deals with wireless IP ... next-generation wireless IP network architectures, systems, and protocols, with a focus on the IP layer and above Several major efforts have emerged to define global standards for wireless IP networks The...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 22:20

... control in IP networks and the IMS defined by 3GPP and 3GPP2 Chapter 4: “Mobility Management”: Discusses issues and solutions for mobility management in IP networks and IP- based wireless networks ... defined by 3GPP, 3GPP2, and MWIF Chapter 5: “Security”: Discusses issues and solutions for network security in IP networks and IP- based wireless networks defined by 3GPP and 3GPP2 Chapter 6: “Quality ... Service”: Discusses issues and solutions for supporting quality of service in IP networks and IP- based wireless networks defined by 3GPP and 3GPP2 REFERENCES 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP2)...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 22:20

... standard IP router to the external IP network As standard IP routing protocol is used over the Gi interface, the data and control planes are identical The Gr interface between SGSN and HLR and ... external IP network may use any IP- based protocols The local PS CN domain will not participate in any interaction between the mobile and the external IP networks, except relaying user IP packets ... mobile and the GGSN IP is also the networklayer routing protocol between the GGSN and the external IP network Any IPbased protocol may be used for the mobile to register with the external IP network,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 22:20

... sessions Interfaces with external networks: These include interfaces Mb, Mm, and Go – Interface Mb is the standard IPv6 routing and transport interface with external IP networks The interface ... management over TCP /IP, UDP /IP, or SCTP /IP SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) [45] is a transport-layer protocol designed to transport PSTN signaling messages over IP networks SIP and SDP are ... SIP can also be used to invite a participant to an on-going session such as a conference SIP messages could contain session descriptions such that participants can negotiate with media types and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 22:20

... link layer handoff, a mobile changes its logical link layer over which the mobile exchanges user IP packets with the network IP Layer: With an IP- layer handoff, the mobile changes its IP address ... becomes the Roaming Broker 4.2 MOBILITY MANAGEMENT IN IP NETWORKS This section discusses the fundamental issues of mobility management in wireless IP networks and examines existing IP mobility ... protocols The current standard protocol defined by the IETF for mobility management in IPv4 networks is commonly referred to as Mobile IPv4 or MIPv4 (Section 4.2.2) MIPv4 enables an IP terminal to maintain...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 22:21

... Cellular IP Here, we discuss how Mobile IP can be used to support a handoff between Cellular IP networks and between a Cellular IP network and a regular IP network Each mobile inside a Cellular IP ... Cellular IP networks or between a Cellular IP network and a regular IP network can be supported, and how paging is supported in a Cellular IP network 4.2.7.1 Cellular IP Routing Inside a Cellular IP ... Cellular IP network has to be loop free 4.2.7.2 Handoffs Inside a Cellular IP Network Cellular IP supports two types of handoffs inside a Cellular IP network: hard handoff and semi-soft handoff...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 22:21

... also be used to support handoff /roaming between WLAN and any other cellular network (e.g., GPRS, EDGE, and 3GPP2) Other IP- based mobility management protocols (e.g., SIPbased mobility management) ... to handoff or roam between a cellular network such as 3GPP and an enterprise or public WLAN Here, we discuss how Mobile IP (v4 or v6) can be used to support handoff and roaming between 3GPP and ... manner to support handoffs and roaming between WLAN and a cellular network Figure 4.53 illustrates a simplified network configuration for using Mobile IP to support handoff between 3GPP and WLAN The...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 22:21

... IN IP, 3GPP, AND 3GPP2 NETWORKS 297 With SIP mobility, a SIP server uses regular IP routing and forwarding to transport packets to another SIP server or a destination user application 3GPP and ... regular IP routing (in the case of SIP mobility) or transported over IP tunnels (in the case of Mobile IP and Mobile IP Regional Registration) Cellular IP and HAWAII integrate location management with ... For SIP 4.6 COMPARISON OF MOBILITY MANAGEMENT IN IP, 3GPP, AND 3GPP2 NETWORKS 295 Fig 4.68 Simplified mobility management models used by Mobile IP, Mobile IP Regional Registration, and SIP mobility...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 22:21

... Mobile Equipment (ME) with a UMTS IC Card (UICC) inserted and activated USIM-application GSM subscriber: A Mobile Equipment with a SIM inserted or a Mobile Equipment with a UICC inserted and activated ... REFERENCES FIPS 180-1 Secure hash standard (SHS) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), April 1995 FIPS 186-2 Digital signature standard (DSS) National Institute of Standards and Technology ... systems: IS-136 based on TDMA and IS-95 based on CDMA [47], [58] The core networks of IS-136 and IS-95, however, are both based on IS-41 [80], [83] This section reviews the authentication and privacy...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 22:21

... An IP BS Manager controls the external IP bearer service It utilizes standard IP mechanisms to manage the IP bearer services The mechanisms may be different than mechanisms used within UMTS and ... by utilizing the policybased management As indicated in Figure 6.11, UE uses SIP with SDP to communicate with the P-CSCF Based on the SBLP, the PCF authorizes the IP QoS and passes the authorized ... H.323, 121 Handoff, 162, 172–174 3GPP Handoff, 240–241 3GPP Hard Handoff, 258–261 3GPP2 Dormant Handoff, 281–283 3GPP2 Fast Inter-PDSN Handoff, 283–288 3GPP2 Handoff, 268–270 3GPP2 Hard Handoff,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 22:21

... channel for ECAN TX and clear the colission flags */ DMACS0 = 0; /* Set up Channel for peripheral indirect addressing mode normal operation, word operation */ /* and select TX to peripheral */ DMA0CON ... for ECAN RX and clear the collision flags */ DMACS0 = 0; /* Set up Channel for Peripheral Indirect addressing mode (normal operation, word operation */ /* and select as RX to peripheral */ DMA2CON ... facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California and India The Company’s quality system processes and procedures are for its PIC® MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/01/2016, 17:03

... exponential random variables with parameter λ f , and let the constraint f ∗ > f0 , where f0 > is a constant If g is an exponential random variable with parameter λg , the CDF of the random variable ... Gaussian distribution with zero mean and variance σ and σg , respectively Furthermore, f the variance of the AWGN is assumed normalized with zero mean and unit variance, and the channel power of | fS,k∗ ... concept with PA and we discuss the associated lifetime and secrecy performance 3.1 A Constant PA Policy The first approach incorporates the above MUD concept with a constant PA policy and is used...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... Stateless and Stateful Proxies 9.5.13 SIP Offer/Answer Model 9.5.14 SIP Registration 9.5.15 SIP Call Routing (Direct, Proxy and Redirect) 9.5.16 Provision of QoS with SIP 9.5.17 SIP Security 9.5.18 SIP–PSTN ... 8.7.1 Terminations and Contexts 8.7.2 Events and Signals 8.7.3 MEGACO Commands and Descriptors 8.7.4 Context and Termination Handling (Bearer Establishment) 8.7.5 Deleting Contexts and Bearers 8.7.6 ... 9.5.2 SIP Components 9.5.3 SIP Messages 9.5.4 SIP Responses 9.5.5 SIP Transaction Handling 9.5.6 SIP Message Transport 9.5.7 SIP Server Discovery 9.5.8 SIP Headers 9.5.9 SIP Call Establishment 9.5.10...

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 04:17

... Activities were designed to build male leadership, ownership and part n ticipation in reproductive health services and to expand women’s participation n in community activities that have trad ... approaches and to permit appraisal of the reactions of community and health workers to serv n vices rendered This process of dialogue, implementation and calibration clarified the operational details and ... organize, staff, and implement primary health care and family planning services Chiefs, elders and women’s groups were involved in discussing practical means of developing leadership of operations...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 16:20

... manner, and incorporating alignment -based features into the CCG parser (Clark and Curran, 2007) is also a viable possibility some of the variables ( j and k in rules (i) and (iii), and j, k, and ... NP-COOD and VP-COOD Among coordinations annotated with COOD tags, we selected those surrounding and, ” “or,” and “but.” This yielded 3598 coordinations (2997, 355, and 246 for and, ” “or,” and “but,” ... similarity calculated from a large text collection, and agreement of numbers between n1 and n2 and between n1 and n3 Nakov and Hearst (2005) collected web -based 968 COORD COORD CJT N CC SEP W 3.1.2 Production...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:21

... ending with 01 the number and numbers ending with 02 the numbers 3-10 and those ending with 03-10 the numbers, and numbers ending with, 11-99 all other number tokens (e.g., 0.35 or 7/16) and denoted ... associated with a lexeme PATB-tokenized words vary along nine dimensions: GENDER and NUMBER (for nominals and verbs); PERSON, ASPECT, VOICE and MOOD (for verbs); and CASE, STATE, and the attached ... Green and Manning, 2010), the Prague Dependency Treebank (PADT) (Buchholz and Marsi, 2006; Nivre, 2008) and the Columbia Arabic Treebank (CATiB) (Habash and Roth, 2009) Recently, Green and Manning...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 21:20

... (Hearst, 1992), and it has been applied to extending ontologies with hyperonymy and holonymy relationships (Kietz et al., 2000; Cimiano et al., 2004; Berland and Charniak, 1999), with overall precision ... precision varying between 0.39 and 0.68 Finkelstein-Landau and Morin (1999) learn patterns for company merging relationships with exceedingly good accuracies (between 0.72 and 0.93) Rote extraction ... easily and automatically Several similar approaches have been proposed (Brin, 1998; Agichtein and Gravano, 2000; Ravichandran and Hovy, 2002), with various applications: Question-Answering (Ravichandran...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 01:20