one electron removal and nucleophilic addition of hydroxyl radical

... (b) the size and extent of the acidic patch on subunit II, and (c) ways of experimentally influencing the kinetic phases during enzyme turnover MATERIALS AND METHODS Mutagenesis and enzyme preparation ... measurements were done for each donor concentration, and the average was fitted to the sum of two exponentials The observed rate constant from the fast phase of this double-exponential decay was ... resolution of a stopped-flow apparatus, the reaction was followed at 140 mM ionic strength (see Materials and methods) and recorded at 550 nm (oxidation of cytochrome c) and at 605 nm (reduction of heme...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... and green algae with respect to PSI stability and function have also been reported after removal of PSI-F, which in Arabidopsis resulted in severe destabilization of PSI and especially loss of ... perturbation of the luminal side of PSI involving PSI-F and PSI-N The absence of PSI-J might affect the conformation of PSI-F, which, in turn, changes the binding of PSI-N PSI-F provides part of the ... the luminal side of PSI is perturbed, probably because Knock-out of the J subunit of PSI of destabilization of PSI-F in the absence of PSI-J, resulting in an increased pool of inactive PSI Experimental...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:20

... Name of Compounds H Benzalacetone H Anisalacetone OCH3 H OCH3 OCH3 Veratralacetone H H Dibenzalacetone OCH3 H Dianisalacetone OCH3 OCH3 Diveratralacetone - - Cinnamalacetone - - Dicinnamalacetone ... number of protons There is a peak at δ 1–2 ppm in the 1H-NMR spectra of benzalacetone and its derivatives but none in the 1H-NMR of dibenzalacetone and its derivatives The 1H-NMR data of cinnamalacetone ... acetone:benzaldehyde and its derivatives yielded dibenzalacetone, dianisalacetone, diveratralacetone and dicinnamalacetone Table 3: The results of synthesis benzalacetone and its derivatives Product...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 14:20

... between the pH treatments = = acidity and the addition of the ionic mix- ture The effect of acidic rain on the Gn of clone 1019 seemed to depend upon envi- ronmental and/ or ecophysiological conditions ... response of the conductance for (Gn) to simulated precipitation differed between clones Gn of clone 1007 was not affected: no significant effect of pH, ions or any interaction was observed Clone 1011 ... water vapor + 4.0 and a significant interaction of pH x ions The Newman-Keuls test yielded the following: 4.0+ 5,6+ 4.0- 6- The conductance of clone 1019 was + also reduced at pH 4.0 and a significant...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... increments of 25 mM by addition of M NaCl in Tris-Cl or HEPES respectively After each NaCl addition, the colloidal solution was mixed and incubated for h at room temperature The addition of MgCl2 and ... presence of reducing and stabilizing agents, and subsequent (ex situ) ligand exchange with aptamers This ligand exchange might require heating and buffering in order to achieve satisfactory yields and ... http://www.jnanobiotechnology.com/content/8/1/21 Page of 11 Figure Verification of the activity of aptamer-conjugated AuNPs (A) The shift of the SPR maximum clearly indicates the formation of agglomerates in the presence of streptavidin...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:22

... the variance of the entries of a vector, Mean () denotes the mean of the entries of a vector, i stands for the ith components, M stands for the number of independent components of ICA Apparently, ... identification of ECG components Fig.4.1 shows the ICA components and coefficient maps of ECG component and brain activity components It is shown that the coefficient map of ECG component is the same ... x by ICA to get the components s i and the coefficient vectors of each component Where i=1,2,…M , M is the number of the total ICA components (2) Find the component s* of which the coefficient...

Ngày tải lên: 09/10/2015, 11:24

... spin-adduct, and the amounts of DMPO-OH were analyzed as a function of the concentration of ozone and humic acids The amount of DMPO-OH depended both of the amounts of ozone and humic acid The origin of ... the mixture of 80 ppm humic acid with 60 µM ozone, the velocity of OH radical generation may exceed the velocity of trapping reaction of OH radical with DMPO, causing a decrease of DMPO-OH signal ... generation, and reaction between DMPO-OH and OH radical (Kasazaki et al., 2003) If the reaction of DMPO-OH with OH radical precedes the reaction of DMPO with OH radical, the amount of the spin-adduct,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 08:40

... effect of hydroxyl radical on HR least one species of ROS may negatively regulate the development of the HR The short-lived OH• is the most reactive species of ROS It is very unstable, and it ... representative of at least three measurements under the indicated conditions (C) The relative content of OH• in the H + ParA1, A400 and A + ParA1 zones against the H2O zone Mean values ± standard error of ... expression of ParA1 in Pichia pastoris and the tricine–SDS-PAGE analysis of purified ParA1 Fig S2 The synergized effect of HR suppression in the PRS (ParA1, riboflavin and SOD) zone Suppression effect of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 00:20

... improved the mass transfer of ozone, and the high inner pressure in the bubbles could accelerate the formation of hydroxyl radicals Therefore, some of the biorefractory and/ or slowly biodegradable ... phosphorus removal and denitrification (3) Most of the phosphorus in the sludge was solubilized by ozonation, and a large part of the solubilized phosphorus consisted of PO4-P Over 90% of the PO4-P ... S and Hirata, A (2002b) Transformation of phosphorus and relevant intracellular compounds by a phosphorus-accumulating enrichment culture in the presence of both the electron acceptor and electron...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

... concentrations in GW with and without the addition of Ca and Mg In the absence of P without the addition of Ca and Mg, leached As was 32.9 μg/L While at P concentrations of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L, leached ... mg/L addition Mg=100 mg/L addition 60 40 20 0.0 1.0 2.0 P (mg/L) Fig - Profiles of leached As as a function of P with Ca and Mg addition No addition Mg = 100 mg/L addition Ca =100 mg/L addition ... Concentrations of leached As at different incubation time and Eh with Ca and Mg addition increasing time and decreasing Eh Without the addition of Ca and Mg, leaching of As in day was 48.8 µg/L and it...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:15

... measure of the koff parameter in CaM-bound eNOS and nNOS [58], and thus prevented assessment of the relative importance of conformational change rates versus rates of FMNH2 formation in limiting electron ... rate of electron input (k3) becomes an important factor for governing the electron flux, and consequently electron flux would be more sensitive to changes in the rate of FMNH2 formation Thus, one ... steps in the nNOS and eNOS flavoproteins (dissociation and association of the 4 -electron reduced FNR–FMN subunit complex, kon and koff in Fig 5) Remarkably, the results suggest that koff is the sole...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... semiquinone and reduced ApoFld:FMN complexes [23–25] In AnFld, the values are Eox ⁄ sq = )266 mV and Esq ⁄ hq = )439 mV at pH 8.0 and 25 °C, with a maximum stabilization of the semiquinone of  ... importance of electrostatic repulsion in the control of Eox ⁄ sq, and particularly of Esq ⁄ hq, has also been demonstrated with several Flds [25,37,41,48–53] Electron nuclear double resonance and 1D and ... flavins and pyridine nucleotides is highly dependent on the approach and colinear orientation of the N5 of the flavin, the hydride to be transferred, and C4 of the nicotinamide In FNR, displacement of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... between protease and inhibitor As an indicator of these hydrophobic interactions, distances between carbon atoms of inhibitor and the protease ˚ ˚ were calculated using cutoffs of 3.6 A and 4.1 A [19] ... distance of projections of two opposite Cc atoms of Phe53 and Phe153) In the case of Ôwide tunnelÕ, the diameter of the effective view through the ˚ solvent channel is 12.4 A (measured as a distance of ... positions of phenylalanine rings are formed in concert with the alternative positions of Sd and Cc of Met46 and Met146 (from neighbouring protease dimer) Residues Ile50 and Ile150, Gly51 and Gly151...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... mass bands are generated in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the formation of aggregates Secondly, UV absorption spectra of the three forms of Trx were recorded before and after one- electron ... reduced by a factor of approximately two [25] Thirdly, activity of D30A was weakly modified only after irradiation with 100 Gy, while that of WT and of W35A increased by a factor of 1.5 and 1.2, respectively ... kinetics of intramolecular electron transfer by mutation of Asp30 could thus be a consequence of hydrogen bond rearrangement at the active site Weak bands at 390 and 480 nm, but no 510 nm band that...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 16:20

... FEBS addition of the third [21,22] and fourth [31] mannoses to GPI precursors (Fig 3B, and data not shown), suggesting that it is a GPI intermediate that forms prior to addition of Man3 and -4 ... proteins for addition of Man3 [20–22] However, a candidate GPI-MT-II has not yet been identified from any organism and the transfer of Man2 to GPI glycans remains the only obvious step of GPI precursor ... (B) and grown for days at 25 °C genetically in that at least one gene’s product has been implicated in all but one of the predicted reactions in the GPI pathway The exception is the addition of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 16:20

... likely associated with Õ ŽO–W–O modes In addition, absorption bands at 1480 and 1624 cmy1 , and a broad band centred at 3400 cmy1 suggest the presence of en species By replacing en with other ... infinite chain of lying parallel to the b-axis The coordination geometry of WO6 at WŽ1 is defined by two terminal oxo groups and four unsymmetrical bridging oxo groups, and at WŽ2 and WŽ3 by one terminal ... 2q cations occupy interstrand regions 4y of the W6 O 20 chains and exhibit strong hydrogen bond network to terminal and bridging oxo groups of the anionic 4y chains of W6 O 20 X Crystal data...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:48

... for the loss of one thioether bond from the mitochondrial cytochromes c of euglenozoans is a longstanding puzzle It could be a means of altering the structure of these cytochromes c and ⁄ or a ... organisms and organelles Some eukaryotes (land plants and various protists) use the multicomponent System I [also called the cytochrome c maturation (Ccm) system], and others (animals, fungi, and many ... groups of heme and the thiols of cysteine residues that occur in a CXXCH amino acid motif; the histidine serves as the proximal ligand to the heme iron atom [2–4] However, in one group of eukaryotes,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:21

... Three zones of enlargement are depicted by rectangles and correspond to the soilwater interface in the unsaturated layer of the wetland (A), the saturated rooted zone (B) and the wetland sand matrixpolishing ... consumption of electron equivalents with reductive degradation processes of organic contaminants The reduction of alternative electron acceptors (NO , SO2 , HCO and possibly FeOOH and MnO2) in wetlands ... Grove and Stein (2005) and Lorah and Voytek (2004) 9Berryman et al (1988), Dixon and Florian (1993) and Legendre and Legendre (1998) 10Legendre and Legendre (1998), Wackernagel (2003) and Ramette...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 19:20

... Improvement in dielectric and mechanical performance of CaCu3.1Ti4O12.1 by addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles Chompoonuch Puchmark1 and Gobwute Rujijanagul*2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan ... CCTO, including Co, Zr, Fe, Sc, and Nb on the B site and substitution of La and Eu at the A site [4, 8-12] Although some of these additives resulted in a reduction of the loss tangent, most additives ... experimental procedure and related analyses All authors read and approved the final manuscript Acknowledgments This work was supported by The Thailand Research Fund (TRF), Thailand's Office of the Higher...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... 2Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan 3Department of Biological Science, Faculty of ... Illustrations of adsorption properties of MNBs in wastewater and of their quenching features (a) The original wastewater (WW) includes both impurities (small dots) and several amounts of MNBs (B) ... pure water and analyzed the particle size distribution with DLS TT, KS, SS, YT, and KM participated in the design and construction of the sewage plant and performed the sample preparation of MNBs...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 04:20