on the generative power of transformational grammars

... SHAPE GRAMMARS AND THE GENERATIVE SPECIFICATION OF PAINTING AND SCULPTURE In this paper we present (1) a definition of shape grammars, (2) a formalism, based on these grammars, for the complete, generative specification of a class of paintings or sculptures, and (3) a discussion of the implications of these specifications for aesthetics and design theory. Generative specifications can be used in the analysis and aesthetic evaluation of the paint- ings or sculptures they define. In design based on generative specifications, the artist chooses structural and material relationships and then produces algorithmically the res'ulting works of art, Our underlying aim is to use formal, generative techniques to produce good ... be defined to contain multiple elements. Discussion and illustrations of serial imagery in recent art can be found in (Coplans, 1968). 3.1 Painting Informally, painting consists of the definition of a language of two-dimensional shapes, the selection of a shape in that language for painting, the specification of a schema for painting the areas contained in the shape, and the determination of the location and scale of the shape on a canvas of given size and shape. . ... Level assignments are made to termi- nals during the generation of a shape using these rules: 1) The terminals in the initial shape are assigned level O. 2) If a shape rule is applied~ and the highest level assigned to any part of the terminal correspond- ing to the left side of the rule is N then a) if the rule is of type A~ any part of the terminal enclosed by the marker in the left side of the rule is assigned N. b) if the rule is of type B~ any part of the terminal enclosed by the marker in the left side of the rule is assigned N...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 14:20

... prefer the statement of the result as it is. We start the paper with the technical results, in Sec- tion 3, and continue with a discussion of the implications for linguistics in Section 4. The ... satisfies the inequality stated in the conclusion of the IL. Notice that if one tuple describes every string in a set A, then, since G is context-free, A is k-interchangeable. The part of the proof ... strings of Mn. Then there is a constant c > 1 such that any context.free grammar Gn generating Mn(n 2) must have sue f~(cn). Proof. This proof is really just a generalization of the proof of...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 20:20

... OF 1971 painting, the specification of a schema for painting the areas contained in the shape, and the determination of the location and scale of the shape on a canvas of given size and shape. ... direction of the marker, reduces it in size by one-third, and forces the continuation of the generation process. Markers restrict rule application to a specific part of the shape and indicate the ... to these relationships and which would be difficult to design by other means. REFERENCES [1] E. Panofsky, The History of the Theory of Human Proportions as a Reflec- tion of the History of ...

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... in the body part, especially in the news plentiful of content and the content expresses the reaction to the news. Like the headline, it attracts the reader’s attentions to the main content of ... And the structure is one of the features of the news story’s paragraph. According to Do Huu Chau [2]: “Structure is an art of the performance on content factors of the writers. Structurally, the ... face-to-face interaction. The situation, therefore, must be interfered from the text. Naturally, readers only pay attention to the contents or news of the news story, they do not care how the story are...

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... relations are not mere functions of class or anything else, and in this sense they have some genuine autonomy. An implication of relatively strong versions of the gender-autonomy thesis is that the ... mobilization of classes on the one hand and gender relations on the other. One might argue that the Class counts156 countries, therefore, it appears that in what might be thought of as traditional ... compositions. Class counts150 tion of housework ± to the contrast between highly egalitarian and inegalitarian households ± rather than to the distribution as a whole. None of these manipulations of...

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Ngày tải lên: 17/01/2014, 03:20

... with power. The creative power within us makes us into the image of that to which we give our attention. The grateful mind is constantly fixed upon the best, therefore it will receive the best.” ... things which they own only in imagination have real faith. They will get rich; they will cause the creation o f whatever they want.” Wallace Wattles The Astonishing Power of Gratitude… ... bad) increases the suffering and prolongs the experience. Putting the energy on the “bad” experience only creates more of it! The value of non-resistance is that it really speeds the process...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 16:20

... any opinion whatsoever on the part of ITU concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or concerning the delimitations of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific ... represent the views of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) or its membership. The designations employed and the presentation of material, including maps, do not imply the expression of ... that the potential contribution of ICTs to economic growth differs across nations. First, the impact of ICT on economic growth and its specific form are probably dependent on the stage of economic...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 08:20

... crew in the table is the first 1849 Cambridge crew. Four of the men of which it consisted died young; (two of them from accidental causes, one only three years after the race, and the other only ... as they bear upon the duration of life of Uni- versity Oarsmen, must be deemed decidedly favourable ; the lives of each one of the 32 crews to which they refer extending over 334 instead of 320 ... to loosen their hold upon the youth of Great Britain. Viewing athletic contests then as national institu- tions, what is their influence upon health ? Are they calculated to improve the physique of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 21:20