on nickel thin films

... second one in order to investigate the graphene formation To so, we use ion implantation (Io-I) of carbon to dope nickel thin films Additionally to the extremely precise control of the carbon ... Mechanism on Nickel Thin Films L Baraton, Z He, C S Lee, J L Maurice, C S Cojocaru, Y H Lee and D Pribat Abstract Since chemical vapor deposition of carbon-containing precursors onto transition metals ... annealing of one second at 725◦ C, the diffusion length of carbon atoms in nickel is 1.2 µm Given that the annealing durations range from 10 to 30 min, the carbon distribution in nickel is thus...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 01:20

... Alvarez-Valin F, Di Giulio M, D'Onofrio G, Ammirato G, Colonna G, Bernardi G: Second codon positions of genes and the secondary structures of proteins Relationships and implications for the origin of the ... regard because it http://www.tbiomed.com/content/6/1/31 provides the option of posting comments on contentious articles within days of their online publication References 10 11 12 13 14 Preuss M, ... showed that the nucleotide frequencies in second codon positions are remarkably different among coding regions that correspond to different protein secondary structures and to amino acids with different...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... proteins On the basis of studies of venoms using two-dimensional PAGE under reducing and nonreducing conditions, Serrano et al [15] clearly demonstrated that disulfide bond formation among venom ... structure Comparison of the sequences in the spacer domain among the P classes shows significant sequence conservation and leads to no obvious conclusions as to why some spacer regions are cleaved ... Monleon D, Esteve V, ´ Celda B, Juarez P & Sanz L (2005) Snake venom disintegrins: evolution of structure and function Toxicon 45, 1063–1074 30 Calvete JJ (2005) Structure–function correlations...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 18:20

... fraction decreased rapidly even at the lowest concentration of denaturant, such that  30% of the native HPI fraction was retained when the concentration of urea or GdnHCl was 1.0 M In contrast, ... in the conformational folding of disulphide-intact ribonuclease A Nat Struct Biol 2, 495–503 Creighton, T.E (1984) Disulfide bond formation in proteins Methods Enzymol 107, 305–329 Creighton, T.E ... buffer containing 100 mM Tris pH 8.7, mM EDTA and various concentrations of dithiothreitol (ranging between 0.5 and 100 mM) at a final protein concentration of 0.5 mgÆmL)1 The reduction experiments...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... mutation, R256T is a nonconservative substitution of a strongly basic internal residue by a smaller and less polar one R256T was unaffected in its folding, with levels of tetramer formation in ... (1985) Purification and characterization of short-chain, mediumchain, and long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases from rat liver mitochondria: isolation of the holo- and apoenzymes and conversion of the ... Wilkinson [36] methods The kcat was then determined, using the MCAD monomer Mr values (46 590 for wild type, and 46 630 for K364R, the slight variation due to the mutation) to define the concentration...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 02:21

... lg; final concentration lm) After the incubation, SsMTAPII or PfPNP activity was measured under standard conditions The activity of control enzymes was expressed as 100% The positive control was ... the reactivation of sRNaseA catalyzed by PDI (final concentration lm) The control for the non-enzymatic reactivation of sRNaseA was represented by the same mixture without the addition of any oxidative ... concentration 19.6 lm) cCMP at a final concentration of mm was then added and A296, as a result of RNase-catalyzed cCMP hydrolysis, was monitored continuously for 210 at 30 °C The positive control...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... 7Fe)8S 4Fe)4S Fe – – – – – – – – – – – Heptamer Monomer Monomer Monomer Monomer Monomer Dimer Monomer Dimer Dimer Dimer Monomer Dimer Tetramer Monomer Monomer – 1F37 – 1VJW 1ZRP 1WD0 – 1G6P 1HTA – ... (approximately months) when the data are extrapolated to buffer conditions (pH 8, 20 °C) [48] Disruption of internal ion pairs through residue-specific mutations was found to increase the unfolding-rate constant ... [26] Nonheme iron proteins Iron-sulfur (Fe–S) clusters are common cofactors in nature that facilitate electron transport in many proteins (e.g ferredoxins; Fds) [31] Aquifex aeolicus is the only...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... Hsp90 It is one of the most abun4704 Peptide bonds are synthesized in the trans configuration on the ribosome [65], and most peptide bonds in folded proteins are in this conformation because it ... trans configurations are nearly equal in energy [67] Depending on the side-chain, 6– 38% of the X–Pro peptide bonds are in the cis configuration in folded proteins [68] Spontaneous isomerization is ... Fullerton DM, Tyson JR & Stirling CJ (2004) Coordinated activation of Hsp70 chaperones Science 303, 98–101 48 Saris N & Makarow M (1998) Transient ER retention as stress response: conformational...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 06:20

... Indeed, > 16% of mitochondria contained inclusion bodies in 25 cells grown on raffinose, whereas this proportion decreased to < in 20 cells grown on glucose Mitochondrial inclusion bodies were not ... grown on glucose and examined m, mitochondrion; N, nucleus to the heterologous production of mitochondrionaddressed hIRP1 Immunogold electron microscopy of W303-1B producing m-yAco1 and polyclonal ... Fort Washington, PA) Resin polymerization was carried out at )20 °C for days under UV illumination Ultrathin LR Gold sections were collected on nickel grids coated with formvar Sections were first...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 10:20

... postinduction, lactacystine (10 lM final concentration), N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucinyl-L-leucinyl-L-norvalinal (Z-Leu-Leu-Norvalinal, Z-LLnV, MG115; 50 lM final concentration), or N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucinyl-L-leucinyl-L-leucinal ... expression was induced with 500 lM CuSO4 and conditioned media and cells were harvested days later Some of the conditioned media, marked with an asterisk (*), were concentrated ·20 using a Microcon ... endonucleases and cloned into a pMT/V5-His A plasmid (Invitrogen) C-terminally tagged construct The C-terminally tagged construct was generated similarly to the 44/750 variant The only exception...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... function of GdmCl concentration The data show that in each case the fraction unfolded fits well to a two-state transition with the observation of a range of midpoint denaturant concentrations, ... desolvation of polar groups, conformational dynamics and hydrogen bonding also contribute [60] The observation of a positive entropy of activation (DSà) suggests that the favourable entropic contribution ... buffered solution of native protein was unfolded by a : 10 dilution to yield final concentrations of GdmCl near or above the midpoint of the equilibrium unfolding transition (concentrations of GdmCl...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 16:20

... extent (within the limit of the monomodal distribution) While studying renaturation, the denaturation transition is retraced No aggregation was seen during renaturation Kinetics of reassociation Fig ... first one However, the second transition involves a red shift in emission maxima from 347 nm to about 356 nm in the GdnHCl concentration range 1.3–5 M The first transition shows a protein concentration ... inactivation profile of s-MDH showed a single transition in the GdnHCl concentration range 0.5 M to 0.8 M above which no enzyme activity was observed (Fig 1) Upon varying the enzyme concentration (20–200...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... possibilities, the dissociation constants of Nile red binding to HSA were determined under mild denaturation conditions The dissociation constants (Kd) of Nile red and HSA interaction were found to be ... monitored for 15 in the absence and presence of different concentrations (0.25 M, 0.5 M and M) of GdnHCl The excitation and emission wavelengths were set to 400 nm with excitation and emission ... model concentration, DF is the change in fluorescence when Nile red and HSA were in equilibrium and Kd is the dissociation constant DFmax was determined using a reverse titration wherein a fixed concentration...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 16:20

... Protein and condition Number of cysteines 482 sGas1 -H Native conditions After denaturation After denaturation and reduction Endo H-treated sGas1482-H Native conditions After denaturation After denaturation ... far-UV range (peptide bond region) that provides information about its secondary structure, is shown in Fig 3A Deconvolution of the spectrum of the protein at 20 °C by the convex-constraint analysis ... of [35S]methionine Pulse labelling was terminated upon the addition of 40 lL of chase solution containing 0.3% (w/v) methionine and 0.3 M (NH4)2SO4 Immediately following the addition of chase...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... Whelan KE, Jones FM, Reiser PGK, Bryant CH, Muggleton SH, Kell DB & Oliver SG Functional genomic hypothesis generation and experimentation by a robot scientist Nature 2004; 427: 247–252 Nelson DE, ... knockout background, but this functional reconstitution was abrogated by loss-of-function point mutations in the C-terminal SH2 domain of Syk or in the two tyrosines within the DAP12 ITAM motif These ... crucial for the function of most, if not all, chromatin-templated processes and link alterations in the chromatin structure to gene regulation, X inactivation, chromosome organization and genome stability...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... protein structure strongly depends on RNA binding Such interactions may originate from translationalcoupled folding of UDE For further conrmation of distinct conformations within the two states, ... UviTec The concentrations of bound nucleic acid, calculated by substracting the concentrations of free oligonucleotides from the total concentration, were plotted against UDE concentration and tted ... differences between the RNAUDE and UDE conformational states (Figs 3, 5, and S1) Under our experimental conditions, the distinct conformations RNA-dependent conformational states of UDE Fig Binding afnity...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 16:21

... reduction of disulphide bonds proceeds via a biomolecular nucleophilic substitution mechanism[75] in which transport of a proton along a water wire is responsible for the simultaneous deprotonation ... resolution of the transition state dynamics of a chemical reaction obtained using forceclamp techniques makes a novel contribution to our understanding of protein based chemical reactions Conclusions ... of D2O on hydrocarbon solvation and protein stability, little is known about the effects of D2O on the dynamics of protein folding.[36] Knowledge of the influence of D2O on the conformational dynamics...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 18:20

... diameter I IJ API Spec 5B integral tubing connection k a constant used in the calculation of elongation LC API Spec 5B long round thread casing connection N heat-treat process full-body, full-length ... integral tubing connections (IJ) For such connections, this Standard specifies the technical delivery conditions for couplings and thread protection Supplementary requirements that can optionally be ... depending on the location, conditions, equipment, and substances involved in any given situation Users of this specification should consult with the appropriate authorities having jurisdiction Users...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 00:20

... evaluated the effect of addition of NADP(H) analogues on protein stability Our buffer screening led to identification of optimal stabilisation conditions for FMO that correspond to the buffer that was ... detergents for stabilisation or that contain hydrophobic patches on their surface Evaluation of in vitro reconstitution of a protein complex using ThermoFAD C Fig (A) Evaluation of FMO stability using ... Comparison of the stability of a soluble and globular flavoenzyme (FMO) in the presence of various ligands We tested a number of conditions for optimal stabilisation of a flavin-containing monooxygenase...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:21

... cellular quality control machinery, random conformational fluctuations can lead to the transient formation of aggregation-prone intermediate states (Fig 1) In the crowded environment of the cell, ... fibril formation Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101, 87–92 53 Chiti F, Stefani M, Taddei N, Ramponi G & Dobson CM (2003) Rationalization of the effects of mutations on peptide and protein aggregation rates ... aggregation The surface shows the multitude of conformations ‘funneling’ towards the native state via intramolecular contact formation, or towards the formation of amyloid fibrils via intermolecular contacts...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 11:20