ok then—what are pointers why should you care

... heard 128 Ok, then—what are pointers? Why should you care? 128 What is memory? 129 Variables vs addresses 129 Memory layout ... to game programming If you' re taking, or preparing to take, a class on C++, you should have the information you need to survive and thrive If you' re a self-learner, you should have enough information ... XCode for Free” You' ll be prompted to log in to your Apple account, at which point you will receive a message indicating that you aren’t eligible for the free version That’s OK, you can see get...

Ngày tải lên: 04/12/2014, 11:10

... storage are examples of output devices Software Software are programs written to perform specific tasks For example, word processors are programs that you use to write letters, papers, and even books ... hardware category; items such as ‘‘operating system, games, encyclopedias, and application software’’ fall into the software category Let’s consider the hardware first Hardware Major hardware ... time in its content without notice The programs in this book are for instructional purposes only They have been tested with care, but are not guaranteed for any particular intent beyond educational...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 07:20

... (θ tt / ) + rsi θ ti − rsi wtb cos (θ ti / ) The slot area is defined as the cross-sectional area of the slot between radii rsb and rsi This area is calculated as aslt = π 2 (rsb − rsi ) − atb ... Ss  (15.2-32) Maintaining the area of the slot and the area of the tooth base, the depth of the slot (exclusive of the tooth tip) and width of the tooth base are set in accordance with dsiR ... slot area, and will be denoted by αpf Typical packing factors for round wire range from 0.4 to 0.7 Assuming that it is advantageous not to waste the slot area, the conductor cross-sectional area...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 18:55

... Solving 11 Should you worry about the speed and amount of memory of a computer at your disposal? If you are designing an algorithm as a scientific exercise, the answer is a qualified no As you will ... illustrates why it is so important to specify the set of an algorithm’s inputs explicitly and carefully The third procedure for finding the greatest common divisor should be familiar to you from ... 1, 2, , n, you toggle the door of every ith locker: if the door is closed, you open it; if it is open, you close it After the last pass, which locker doors are open and which are closed? How...

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2014, 16:54

... systems are designed by writing software in the form of hardware description languages (HDLs) The most common HDLs used today are VHDL and Verilog Both are in widespread use When using these hardware ... using the hardware description editor (HDE) Once your hardware has been described you can use the functional simulator to produce waveforms that will verify your design This hardware description ... that allows you to set the clock to 100 MHz, 50 MHz, or 25 MHz All of the examples in this book will assume an input clock frequency of 50 MHz If you are using the BASYS board you should remove...

Ngày tải lên: 06/06/2014, 00:38

... and optimal control of systems are two separate activities There are numerous applications in which methods of optimum design are useful in designing systems There are many other applications where ... are called multiobjective design optimization problems, and they are discussed in a later chapter For some design problems, it is not obvious what the objective function should be or how it should ... Optimization Algorithm 14.4 Use of General-Purpose Software 14.4.1 Software Selection 14.4.2 Integration of an Application into GeneralPurpose Software 14.5 Optimum Design of Two-Member Frame with Out-of-Plane...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:20

... Mathematica commands are case sensitive so it is important to pay attention to which letters are capitalized Mathematica input is organized into what is called a “notebook.” A notebook is divided into ... ContourPlot command containing various subcommands are explained as follows (note that the arguments are separated by commas and are enclosed in square brackets []): g1: function to be plotted {x1, ... the problem are plotted and their feasible sides are identified The plot functions for the five constraints g1 to g5 are named Plotg1, Plotg2, Plotg3, Plotg4, Plotg5 All these functions are quite...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:20

... conditions are called KKT points The points satisfying KKT conditions can be constrained or unconstrained They are unconstrained when there are no equalities and all inequalities are inactive ... Design Concepts 133 Thus, all the KKT conditions are satisfied, and these are candidate minimum points Since the points are unconstrained, they are actually stationary points We can check the sufficient ... and (g) are not convex This goes to show that convexity of a function can be lost if it is transformed to another form This is an important observation, and it shows that we should be careful...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:20

... column are shaded x1 should become basic (pivot column) x4 row has the smallest ratio, and so x4 should become nonbasic cannot be reduced any further and the Simplex method is terminated There are ... are slack variables, x5 and x6 are surplus variables, and x7 and x8 are articial variables The two-phase Simplex procedure takes three iterations to reach the optimum point These iterations are ... All Elements in the Pivot Column Are Negative, Then We Have an Unbounded Problem Design problem formulation should be examined to correct the situation If there are positive elements in the pivot...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:20

... convergence requirements are used in most computer implementations The basic concept of inaccurate line search is that the step size should not be too small or too large, and there should be sufcient ... descent method Proofs of the properties are given since they are quite instructive We shall also show that the steepest descent directions at successive iterations are orthogonal to each other 9.2.1 ... sum of the squares of the functions F1 and F2 as f ( x1 , x ) = F12 ( x1 , x ) + F22 ( x1 , x ) (b) Note that if x1 and x2 are roots of Eq (a), then f = in Eq (b) If x1 and x2 are not roots,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:20

... limits are dened The cells containing the starting values for the variables are identied as D3 to D6 These are the cells that are updated during the solution process Also FIGURE 10-15 Layout of ... potential set strategy is benecial and should be used in practical applications of optimization Before using software to solve a problem, the designer should inquire whether the program uses ... and the convergence parameter are set as 0.0001 Iteration histories with the two starting points I and II are shown in Fig 11-3 Results of the optimization process are summarized in Table 398 INTRODUCTION...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:20

... Interactive Capabilities Interactive software for design optimization should be flexible and user-friendly Help facilities should be available in the program which should have graphical user interface ... data entry should be explicit Only the minimum amount of data should be required The user should be able to edit any data that have been entered previously The step-by-step procedure should be ... capability should be available It should also be possible to utilize the interactive design optimization software in the batch environment with a minimum of input data The system should have...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:20

... locations Compare your solution to the one given in the example 16.16 Solve the 16-bolt insertion sequence determination problem described in Huang and coworkers (1997) Compare your solution ... chapter, you will be able to: Explain basic terminology and concepts related to multiobjective optimization problems Explain the concepts of Pareto optimality and Pareto optimal set Solve your ... in the criterion space in Fig 17-3 Weak Pareto Optimality A concept closely related to Pareto optimality is that of weak Pareto optimality At the weakly Pareto optimal points, it is possible to...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:20

... options should be adopted, assuming a 15 percent interest rate? A.32 Your company has decided to buy a new company car You have been designated to evaluate the following three cars and make your ... fundamental properties of vectors and matrices are reviewed For more comprehensive treatment of the subject, several excellent textbooks are available and should be consulted (Hohn, 1964; Franklin, ... compounded monthly Compare the two options using the annual cost comparison method A.20 Compare the two options of Problem A.19 using the present worth method A.21 There are two options to complete...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:20

... EXCEEDED' WRITE(*,*)' THE CURRENT DESIGN VARIABLES ARE: ' WRITE(*,*) X CALL EXIT 30 40 50 WRITE(*,*) WRITE(*,*) 'THE OPTIMAL DESIGN VARIABLES ARE: ' WRITE(*,40) X FORMAT (3F15.6) CALL FUNCT(X,F,NCOUNT,NDV) ... EXCEEDED' WRITE(*,*)' THE CURRENT DESIGN VARIABLES ARE: ' WRITE(*,*) X CALL EXIT 30 40 50 60 WRITE(*,*) WRITE(*,*) 'THE OPTIMAL DESIGN VARIABLES ARE WRITE(*,40) X FORMAT(4X,3F15.6) CALL FUNCT(X,F,NCOUNT,NDV) ... 'NO OF FUNCTION EVALUATIONS ARE CALL EXIT :' :', F : ', NCOUNT WRITE(*,*) WRITE(*,*)' DESCENT DIRECTION CANNOT BE FOUND' WRITE(*,*)' THE CURRENT DESIGN VARIABLES ARE: ' WRITE(*,40) X STOP END...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:20

... products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.cengagebrain.com The programs in this book are for instructional purposes only They have been tested with care, but are not ... supplemental materials are available when this book is used in a classroom setting Most instructor teaching tools, outlined below, are available with this book on a single CD-ROM, and are also available ... Languages Software Software consists of programs written to perform specific tasks For example, you use word-processing programs to write letters, papers, and books The two types of programs are system...

Ngày tải lên: 27/10/2014, 00:49

... evaluations using CAE software, and carrying out manufacturing simulations and cost estimates using CAM software Product modeling and simulations using integrated CAD/CAE/CAM software are the basic and ... hardware tests Because substantial modeling and simulations are performed, unexpected design defects encountered during the hardware tests are reduced, thus minimizing the feedback loop for design ... and tests are completed Design defects related to manufacturing in process planning or production are usually found too late to be corrected Consequently, more manufacturing procedures are necessary...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2016, 14:37

... them in the right direction The textbooks that are written on DSP hardly provide any guidance on this matter, although there are quite a few books on the hardware implementation of digital systems ... ω1 t and x2 (t) = ej ω2 t or their real and imaginary parts are different if ω1 and ω2 are different They are different even if they are separated by integer multiples of 2π From the property ... compare digital and analog signal processors There are many other types of digital signal processing that are feasible and are being used, and these are not possible or very efficient in analog filters...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2012, 10:21